芒果视频下载

基本簡介

科(ke)迦寺(si)是普蘭縣大(da)寺(si)，歷史(shi)悠久，在當地享有盛名，每年都有阿里地區札達、噶爾(er)(er)等縣及境外尼泊爾(er)(er)的(de)信徒前(qian)來朝拜。“文(wen)革”期(qi)間(jian)，寺(si)院文(wen)物、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)遭到嚴(yan)重(zhong)破壞，部分建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)被毀，殿(dian)內(nei)塑(su)像、壁畫受(shou)損嚴(yan)重(zhong)。20世(shi)紀80年代以后，對古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)陸續進(jin)行維修(xiu)(xiu)，修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)了瑪尼拉(la)康(kang)(kang)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。2001年6月25日，科(ke)迦寺(si)作為公元996年的(de)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)，被國務(wu)院列為全(quan)國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。科(ke)迦寺(si)主要建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)為覺康(kang)(kang)和百(bai)柱(zhu)殿(dian)，兩殿(dian)呈“L”形布置(zhi)。覺康(kang)(kang)位(wei)(wei)于寺(si)南部，面朝北；百(bai)柱(zhu)殿(dian)位(wei)(wei)于寺(si)西部，面朝東(dong)。兩殿(dian)前(qian)有空間(jian)不大(da)的(de)廣場(chang)，廣場(chang)中部有水(shui)井、高大(da)的(de)塔(ta)欽(qin)和香爐(lu)，廣場(chang)四周的(de)墻壁上(shang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)墻廊(lang)，置(zhi)瑪尼筒，是該寺(si)進(jin)行宗教活動、民(min)間(jian)慶典活動的(de)聚(ju)集地。寺(si)廟建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)周圍還有轉經(jing)道。

歷史傳說

覺(jue)康　即釋迦(jia)殿(dian)，是(shi)僧眾(zhong)聚集(ji)頌經的場所。覺(jue)康由廊院、門廊和殿(dian)身三部分組(zu)成。

廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)、門(men)(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)體量較(jiao)小，殿(dian)(dian)身體量巨大。覺(jue)康外墻(qiang)均(jun)飾紅色，頂部裝飾邊(bian)瑪草。整(zheng)個殿(dian)(dian)堂外觀和諧，氣勢莊嚴。①廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)。位(wei)于覺(jue)康最(zui)南(nan)部，20世紀(ji)80年代末增建(jian)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)由后(hou)(hou)建(jian)回廊(lang)(lang)(lang)與(yu)大殿(dian)(dian)門(men)(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)共同(tong)圍(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)。廊(lang)(lang)(lang)院(yuan)北側(ce)(ce)墻(qiang)壁正中設(she)門(men)(men)，門(men)(men)兩側(ce)(ce)懸挑斗拱，在門(men)(men)上(shang)方形成(cheng)(cheng)凸出的(de)(de)(de)屋(wu)檐。這種(zhong)建(jian)筑形式(shi)是(shi)衛藏地區的(de)(de)(de)常(chang)用(yong)手法。院(yuan)內東西兩側(ce)(ce)及門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)兩邊(bian)均(jun)為內廊(lang)(lang)(lang)，計(ji)6間，廊(lang)(lang)(lang)下(xia)設(she)有(you)藏床和卡墊(dian)，供(gong)人們休息。②門(men)(men)廊(lang)(lang)(lang)。由門(men)(men)外敞廊(lang)(lang)(lang)和門(men)(men)內過廳組成(cheng)(cheng)。敞廊(lang)(lang)(lang)的(de)(de)(de)柱、托木、梁等均(jun)有(you)彩繪，顏色以(yi)藍(lan)綠色為主(zhu)。條(tiao)形門(men)(men)廳內無陳設(she)。③殿(dian)(dian)身。平面呈多邊(bian)“亞”字形，表示密宗的(de)(de)(de)曼(man)陀(tuo)羅。左右沿南(nan)北軸(zhou)線對(dui)稱，前后(hou)(hou)不(bu)對(dui)稱，南(nan)北長(chang)30．5米(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)21． 9米(mi)(mi)。殿(dian)(dian)身大門(men)(men)設(she)于殿(dian)(dian)北墻(qiang)正中，通高3米(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)2． 3米(mi)(mi)。大門(men)(men)為對(dui)開4扇(shan)(shan)板門(men)(men)，上(shang)有(you)門(men)(men)銜、門(men)(men)環、銅包葉等飾物(wu)。進(jin)入大門(men)(men)是(shi)平面呈“凸”字形的(de)(de)(de)經堂，南(nan)北長(chang)25米(mi)(mi)，東西寬(kuan)8．4米(mi)(mi)。扇(shan)(shan)面墻(qiang)呈“U”形，與(yu)三面邊(bian)墻(qiang)間形成(cheng)(cheng)轉(zhuan)經通道。扇(shan)(shan)面墻(qiang)內側(ce)(ce)佛臺供(gong)塑像(xiang)3尊，均(jun)立像(xiang)，戴冠，通身飾金(jin)。

兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)面的(de)扇面墻(qiang)上均繪有(you)壁畫，殿身(shen)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)墻(qiang)壁布(bu)滿(man)直(zhi)通(tong)屋頂(ding)的(de)經(jing)書柜。自覺康東側(ce)的(de)露(lu)天(tian)臺階可達二層(ceng)(ceng)。二層(ceng)(ceng)房屋大致(zhi)呈天(tian)井式布(bu)局(ju)，中央是(shi)(shi)露(lu)天(tian)庭院，四(si)周(zhou)環以裙房。底層(ceng)(ceng)天(tian)窗(chuang)的(de)上方建有(you)進深2間(jian)、面闊3間(jian)的(de)小室。二層(ceng)(ceng)北側(ce)、東西兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)各有(you)狹長形的(de)小室與中部6間(jian)大房相通(tong)，南端有(you)小室3間(jian)與敞(chang)廊(lang)相通(tong)。從(cong)布(bu)局(ju)看，二層(ceng)(ceng)是(shi)(shi)聽經(jing)、辯經(jing)的(de)場所。

百柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)　藏文(wen)名“嘎加拉(la)(la)康(kang)”。百柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體量較大(da)(da)(da)，系由多(duo)座殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)和生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)房組合而成的(de)(de)復合建(jian)筑(zhu)。據(ju)記(ji)載，百柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)科(ke)迦寺最(zui)早建(jian)造(zao)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)遺存(cun)構件、壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)等(deng)尚(shang)能看(kan)出早期建(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)痕跡，但殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)后(hou)期改(gai)建(jian)較多(duo)。該(gai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)已較少使用(yong)，僅二層(ceng)(ceng)僧舍、伙房仍在(zai)使用(yong)，主要的(de)(de)聚會、頌經場所已移至覺康(kang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)。百柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)科(ke)迦寺重要的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)，為(wei)該(gai)寺主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。百柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)外(wai)墻(qiang)(qiang)為(wei)磚(zhuan)紅色，上部(bu)以厚(hou)重的(de)(de)邊瑪草(cao)裝(zhuang)飾檐口(kou)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)平(ping)面(mian)呈多(duo)邊“亞”字形，沿東(dong)西(xi)(xi)軸線基(ji)本對稱。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)33．5米，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長41．9米。首層(ceng)(ceng)平(ping)面(mian)的(de)(de)布(bu)局為(wei)早期的(de)(de)中央大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)環以小(xiao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)形式(shi)。①主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)。大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)洞口(kou)高(gao)3．6米寬(kuan)3．48米；門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)檻(jian)圍成的(de)(de)門(men)(men)(men)口(kou)高(gao)2．23米，寬(kuan)1．59米。門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)楣雕刻精美，構造(zao)復雜，是(shi)價(jia)值極高(gao)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術品。大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)楣均(jun)設多(duo)層(ceng)(ceng)裝(zhuang)飾，層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)遞(di)收，上部(bu)雕刻有(you)花(hua)草(cao)、獸鳥、佛(fo)像、人物故事、佛(fo)龕(kan)建(jian)筑(zhu)等(deng)。門(men)(men)(men)框(kuang)、門(men)(men)(men)楣的(de)(de)雕塑形式(shi)，特別是(shi)獅面(mian)及(ji)各種神(shen)龕(kan)表現的(de)(de)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)式(shi)、花(hua)紋圖案，反映出佛(fo)龕(kan)或窟的(de)(de)外(wai)觀，模仿了印(yin)(yin)(yin)度或尼(ni)泊(bo)爾的(de)(de)佛(fo)教建(jian)筑(zhu)。據(ju)歷(li)史記(ji)載，藏傳佛(fo)教后(hou)弘期，阿(a)里許多(duo)僧眾赴印(yin)(yin)(yin)度、尼(ni)泊(bo)爾留學(xue)時，帶(dai)回許多(duo)當地的(de)(de)工匠進阿(a)里營建(jian)寺廟，該(gai)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)(men)(men)即是(shi)當時交流的(de)(de)產(chan)物。②底層(ceng)(ceng)大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。百柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中心，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)7柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，南北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)4柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，共28柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，室(shi)內(nei)東(dong)西(xi)(xi)長19．8米，南北(bei)(bei)寬(kuan)13．2米。室(shi)內(nei)為(wei)片石地面(mian)，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)原供佛(fo)像無存(cun)。天窗后(hou)墻(qiang)(qiang)上繪有(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，題材(cai)為(wei)釋迦牟(mou)尼(ni)及(ji)兩(liang)弟子、羅漢(han)及(ji)兩(liang)高(gao)僧。中央大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)其他壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)為(wei)20世紀(ji)80年代重繪。③南側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。藏文(wen)名“橋居拉(la)(la)康(kang)”，位(wei)于中央大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)腰部(bu)，北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)開門(men)(men)(men)。室(shi)內(nei)面(mian)闊9．5米，進深7．6米。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)南北(bei)(bei)向(xiang)(xiang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)3根，東(dong)西(xi)(xi)向(xiang)(xiang)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)4根，共用(yong)柱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)12根。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)墻(qiang)(qiang)及(ji)南墻(qiang)(qiang)下有(you)供臺。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)墻(qiang)(qiang)面(mian)殘留有(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，主繪結禪定印(yin)(yin)(yin)、跏(jia)趺坐(zuo)佛(fo)及(ji)二侍衛菩(pu)薩(sa)和多(duo)位(wei)佛(fo)母，周圍環以小(xiao)像。在(zai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)角殘墻(qiang)(qiang)上有(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)，壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)風格與古格王國都城遺址、托林(lin)寺十分(fen)相似。④北(bei)(bei)側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)。藏文(wen)名“桑吉拉(la)(la)康(kang)”。與南側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)對稱布(bu)置于中央大(da)(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)北(bei)(bei)側(ce)后(hou)腰，空間尺度與南側(ce)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)本一(yi)致，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)北(bei)(bei)墻(qiang)(qiang)下有(you)供臺，殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)無壁(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)。

寺廟文物

科迦寺(si)(si)依地勢建造(zao)，依山(shan)傍水，坐南朝北，南北高山(shan)環抱。整個寺(si)(si)廟殿宇(yu)巍峨，各種大小經(jing)堂僧舍、舍利塔等相互(hu)映襯。寺(si)(si)廟建筑藝術風格(ge)獨(du)特(te)，建造(zao)工藝精良，可惜已(yi)有(you)部分損毀(hui)；寺(si)(si)內原收藏(zang)大藏(zang)經(jing)100余(yu)卷(juan)，只剩(sheng)下6卷(juan)真品；殿內壁(bi)畫保存完好，風格(ge)鮮(xian)明獨(du)特(te)，均為百年珍品。

2009年(nian)11月 總(zong)投資1500萬元(yuan)的西(xi)藏(zang)阿(a)里(li)科(ke)(ke)迦寺(si)維(wei)修保(bao)(bao)護工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)近日(ri)全部完工(gong)。西(xi)藏(zang)阿(a)里(li)地區文(wen)化局局長次仁扎西(xi)表(biao)示，即將開始的二(er)期(qi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)將側重(zhong)科(ke)(ke)迦寺(si)周邊僧舍(she)和民居的保(bao)(bao)護，力爭使科(ke)(ke)迦寺(si)及科(ke)(ke)迦村作為一個(ge)文(wen)化整(zheng)體呈(cheng)現(xian)在世人面前。