百(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)是國(guo)家(jia)2A級旅游景點。百(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)一山(shan)連兩區(qu),山(shan)北(bei)(bei)為門(men)頭溝(gou)(gou)區(qu),由(you)百(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)自然(ran)保護區(qu)管理和黃安坨村(cun)所轄(xia),位于北(bei)(bei)京(jing)門(men)頭溝(gou)(gou)西部黃塔鄉黃安陀村(cun)南,百(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)距(ju)京(jing)城120公里。為常規的(de)(de)百(bai)花(hua)(hua)山(shan)旅游線路;山(shan)頂及陽(yang)坡面(mian)歸房山(shan)區(qu)史家(jia)營鄉所屬,距(ju)北(bei)(bei)京(jing)市區(qu)110公里,山(shan)下(xia)的(de)(de)蓮(lian)花(hua)(hua)庵(an)村(cun)大(da)力發(fa)展民(min)俗旅游,已修成了直達山(shan)頂的(de)(de)公路。
主峰百花山海拔1991米,白草畔海拔2050米,為北京市第三高峰。百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)的(de)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)資源(yuan)可(ke)分為(wei)四大景(jing)(jing)區(qu),35個(ge)景(jing)(jing)點:百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)主峰(feng)景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)山(shan)(shan)草(cao)甸景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、望海(hai)樓景(jing)(jing)區(qu)、百(bai)草(cao)畔(pan)景(jing)(jing)區(qu);有(you)“百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)草(cao)甸”、“百(bai)草(cao)山(shan)(shan)瀑布(bu)”、“萬年(nian)冰肌”、“古(gu)(gu)樹擎(qing)天”、“云頂日出(chu)”、“古(gu)(gu)石(shi)(shi)海(hai)”、“云海(hai)升騰”、“晚(wan)霞映翠”、“螞蟻山(shan)(shan)”、“送樹長廊”等著名景(jing)(jing)觀。這里(li)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)獨特、氣候(hou)宜(yi)(yi)人(ren),群(qun)(qun)(qun)山(shan)(shan)環抱、奇峰(feng)連綿、溪水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan)云遮(zhe)霧(wu)(wu)障(zhang)、勁(jing)松(song)森林(lin),奇花(hua)(hua)(hua)異(yi)草(cao),稀(xi)禽珍獸(shou)。這里(li)群(qun)(qun)(qun)山(shan)(shan)環抱,氣候(hou)宜(yi)(yi)人(ren),奇峰(feng)連綿,溪水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan),云遮(zhe)霧(wu)(wu)障(zhang),勁(jing)松(song)森林(lin),奇花(hua)(hua)(hua)異(yi)草(cao),稀(xi)禽珍獸(shou)。此(ci)處群(qun)(qun)(qun)峰(feng)挺拔(ba),四季如春,繁花(hua)(hua)(hua)似錦,其(qi)中百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)峰(feng)冠(guan)出(chu)群(qun)(qun)(qun)峰(feng),惠來古(gu)(gu)八景(jing)(jing)謂之(zhi)“百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)領袖”,上(shang)有(you)百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)園及古(gu)(gu)百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)巖遺址(zhi),傳(chuan)說(shuo)唐(tang)高僧(seng)大顛曾在此(ci)修(xiu)(xiu)行。南側(ce)山(shan)(shan)腰有(you)莊嚴禪寺(si),建于清(qing)乾隆年(nian)間,近年(nian)修(xiu)(xiu)葺一(yi)新,寺(si)周有(you)百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)靈泉(quan)、玉石(shi)(shi)水(shui)門、飛(fei)爐(lu)顯圣、動(dong)搖(yao)石(shi)(shi)、試劍石(shi)(shi)等景(jing)(jing)點。流傳(chuan)民間的(de)百(bai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)公主的(de)動(dong)人(ren)傳(chuan)說(shuo),更為(wei)此(ci)山(shan)(shan)蒙上(shang)一(yi)層神奇色彩。
百花(hua)山(shan)集山(shan)勢峭拔(ba)和瀑布激(ji)流于一(yi)體。登高峰可以(yi)觀賞(shang)云海、日出以(yi)及群峰險峻(jun);入峽谷可以(yi)觀賞(shang)大(da)瀑布--百花(hua)山(shan)瀑布落差150米,水(shui)幅寬15米,飛(fei)奔而下(xia),氣勢非凡,聲動山(shan)林。百(bai)花(hua)山動、植物資源豐富(fu),素有(you)華(hua)北(bei)天然動植物園(yuan)之(zhi)稱,有(you)四個(ge)植被類(lei)型,十(shi)個(ge)森林群落(luo)。保護區還以“天然動物園(yuan)”而聞(wen)名(ming)。野(ye)(ye)生動物主要(yao)有狍子、野(ye)(ye)豬、狐貍(li)、刺猬、野(ye)(ye)山(shan)羊、狼、獾(huan)以及稀有動物紅蝮蛇等。還有多達三(san)百余種(zhong)的鳥類(lei),每當春秋兩季候(hou)鳥遷徙時,這里就(jiu)成為各種(zhong)鳥類(lei)聚集的地方。
百(bai)(bai)花(hua)山的(de)景(jing)觀特點是(shi)其(qi)保護完好(hao)的(de)原始風(feng)光,因此這里(li)是(shi)自然(ran)探索的(de)絕佳去(qu)處。百(bai)(bai)花(hua)山環境獨(du)特,風(feng)景(jing)優美,是(shi)一個(ge)很好(hao)的(de)旅游場所。年(nian)降水量在720㎜以上(shang),年(nian)均氣溫6-7℃,七月份平均溫度22℃,負氧離(li)子含量為5級,是(shi)消夏避(bi)暑的(de)勝地。
北京百(bai)花山自然保護(hu)區(qu)已(yi)知(zhi)陸棲野生脊椎動物20目(mu)(mu)47科169種(zhong),其中,獸類6目(mu)(mu)13科25種(zhong),鳥類11目(mu)(mu)27科131種(zhong),爬(pa)行類2目(mu)(mu)3科7種(zhong),兩棲類1目(mu)(mu)4科6種(zhong)。另(ling)外,已(yi)查明的(de)昆(kun)蟲(chong)種(zhong)類10目(mu)(mu)73科1000余種(zhong)。國家級重點保護(hu)的(de)野生動物有(you)褐(he)馬雞(ji)、金(jin)(jin)雕、金(jin)(jin)錢豹等14種(zhong)。
北京百花山自然保(bao)護區(qu)的獸(shou)類(lei)(lei),以嚙(nie)齒目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)動物(wu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)優(you)勢,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)整個獸(shou)類(lei)(lei)種數的40%;食(shi)(shi)肉目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)次之(zhi),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)24%;其次是食(shi)(shi)蟲目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)16%;翼手(shou)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)和偶蹄目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)都(dou)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8%;兔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)最(zui)少,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4%。保(bao)護區(qu)的鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)共11目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),雀形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)絕對優(you)勢,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)整個鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)的80%;隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.62%;鴷(lie)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3.07%;雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、鵑形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、鴞形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.31%;鴿形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、雨(yu)燕(yan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.54%;鸛形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、夜鷹目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、佛法(fa)僧目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)均(jun)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.77%。兩(liang)棲爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)中,無尾目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)6種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護區(qu)整個兩(liang)棲爬行(xing)類(lei)(lei)的46.15%;蛇目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)5種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)38.46%;蜥蜴(yi)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2種,占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)15.39%。
百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)自(zi)然保護區(qu)高等(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)共計131科,485屬(shu),1100種(zhong)(zhong)(包括(kuo)亞種(zhong)(zhong)、變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)、變(bian)型等(deng))。其中,苔(tai)(tai)蘚植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)17科、25屬(shu)、30種(zhong)(zhong),蕨類植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)13科、21屬(shu)、38種(zhong)(zhong),裸子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)4科、7屬(shu)、19種(zhong)(zhong),被子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)97科、432屬(shu)、1013種(zhong)(zhong),分別占北京市植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總(zong)科數的(de)69%、總(zong)屬(shu)數的(de)51%、總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)49%。特有種(zhong)(zhong)類有百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)花(hua)楸(qiu)、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)柴胡、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)葡(pu)萄、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)毛(mao)苔(tai)(tai)草、百花(hua)山(shan)(shan)鵝觀草等(deng)5種(zhong)(zhong);國家重點保護植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有紫椴和黃檗等(deng)2種(zhong)(zhong)。
1、蘋(pin)果園地鐵(tie)站西邊乘892路公(gong)交車到達百花山(黃(huang)塔張家鋪(pu)方向)。每(mei)天早9:00和下(xia)午4:30共兩趟。
2、房山(shan)長途汽(qi)車站可乘房20路,房25路到龍門臺村,車程2小時。車次(ci)不多,末班(ban)15:45。
1、京石(shi)高(gao)速路至房(fang)山出口——坨里——108國(guo)道——賈峪口路口右轉彎去史家營方(fang)向即到(dao)。
2、走(zou)109國(guo)道(dao)是從門頭溝方(fang)向進入景區,到(dao)達的(de)地點就是張家鋪(pu)。
3、走108國道至賈峪(yu)口不右轉,一直(zhi)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)龍門臺村(cun),再往北到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)馬臺村(cun),沿著路(lu)一直(zhi)開就能(neng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)四(si)馬臺村(cun)的景區(qu)入口。這邊叫白草(cao)(cao)畔(pan),也叫房(fang)山世界地(di)質公園,到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)景區(qu)門口后坐景區(qu)觀光,走15公里左右到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)達山頂的五指(zhi)峰(feng),然(ran)后有通往大草(cao)(cao)甸的木棧道,走1小時左右到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)大草(cao)(cao)甸,是(shi)能(neng)上到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)草(cao)(cao)甸最輕松的方式。
北京(jing)(jing)百花山(shan)國家級自然(ran)保護區地處(chu)北京(jing)(jing)西部,位于北京(jing)(jing)市門(men)頭(tou)溝(gou)區清水鎮境(jing)內,地理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)115°25′—115°42′,北緯39°48′—40°05′,占(zhan)地總面積為(wei)21743.1公頃。
北(bei)京(jing)百花山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)地(di)(di)貌(mao)主要受(shou)大地(di)(di)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)控制,中北(bei)部及(ji)西南(nan)部屬于北(bei)京(jing)北(bei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)隆(long)起(qi)(qi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)區(qu),地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型(xing)為(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)侵蝕(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)地(di)(di)貌(mao),約占北(bei)京(jing)百花山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)面積的(de)(de)90%,地(di)(di)勢陡峻,河(he)流下切深。東南(nan)部屬于北(bei)京(jing)西山(shan)(shan)(shan)凹陷構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)區(qu)的(de)(de)西山(shan)(shan)(shan)褶皺隆(long)起(qi)(qi)區(qu),地(di)(di)貌(mao)類型(xing)為(wei)侵蝕(shi)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)(zao)地(di)(di)貌(mao)或(huo)堆(dui)積地(di)(di)貌(mao),僅占北(bei)京(jing)百花山(shan)(shan)(shan)國(guo)家級(ji)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)面積的(de)(de)10%左右,地(di)(di)勢較(jiao)平緩,并發育(yu)寬(kuan)淺河(he)谷。
北京百(bai)花山(shan)國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)地處亞高(gao)山(shan)地帶(dai),屬(shu)于中(zhong)緯度(du)溫帶(dai)大(da)陸性季(ji)風(feng)氣候區(qu),垂直變化明顯(xian),晝夜(ye)溫差(cha)大(da),氣溫偏(pian)低(di),降(jiang)水量較多,四季(ji)分明,冬季(ji)寒冷多風(feng)且干(gan)燥,夏季(ji)溫熱多雨,春季(ji)干(gan)旱,風(feng)沙盛行,秋季(ji)晴朗少(shao)風(feng),寒暖(nuan)適(shi)中(zhong),但(dan)雨量偏(pian)少(shao)。?
北京百花山國家級自然保護區在地質構造上位于華北陸臺中部的燕山沉降帶,其中北部屬于北京北山隆起構造區的青白穹窿區,南部屬于北京西山凹陷構造區的西山褶皺隆起區。北京百花山國家(jia)級自然保(bao)護區的(de)地(di)層主(zhu)要有元古(gu)(gu)界震(zhen)旦系(xi)(xi)、古(gu)(gu)生界寒武系(xi)(xi)、奧(ao)陶系(xi)(xi)、石(shi)炭系(xi)(xi),以(yi)及(ji)中(zhong)生界侏羅系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)新(xin)生界第四系(xi)(xi)等,巖(yan)石(shi)種(zhong)類比較齊全,包括多種(zhong)沉(chen)積巖(yan)、變質巖(yan)和(he)(he)火成(cheng)巖(yan)。
北京百花山國家(jia)級(ji)自然保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)在(zai)中國土(tu)壤(rang)區(qu)(qu)劃中屬于(yu)褐(he)色土(tu)地帶,共有(you)4個(ge)土(tu)類,9個(ge)亞(ya)類,分(fen)比為(wei)(1)草(cao)甸土(tu):亞(ya)高山草(cao)甸土(tu)。(2)棕(zong)壤(rang):山地棕(zong)壤(rang);山地生草(cao)棕(zong)壤(rang);山地粗骨棕(zong)壤(rang)。(3)褐(he)土(tu):淋溶(rong)褐(he)土(tu);普通褐(he)土(tu);粗骨褐(he)土(tu);碳酸鹽(yan)褐(he)土(tu)。(4)耕作土(tu):耕作土(tu)。
1985年,北京市人民(min)政府批建成立了“北京百(bai)花(hua)山(shan)自然(ran)保(bao)護區”,歸北京市門頭溝(gou)區人民(min)政府領導,為省市級自然(ran)保(bao)護區。
2008年1月(yue),國務院批準百(bai)花山保護區晉升(sheng)為國家級(ji)自然保護區。
2015年,北京(jing)百花(hua)山國家(jia)級自(zi)然保護區(qu)與美(mei)國謝南多厄國家(jia)公(gong)園(yuan)簽署姊妹園(yuan)區(qu)合作協議(yi)。