斯(si)(si)特拉文(wen)斯(si)(si)基(ji)(Stravinsky)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)劇《士兵的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)事(shi)》(L'histoire du Soldat),作品無編號,取(qu)材于俄國士兵中(zhong)流行的(de)(de)(de)(de)民間故(gu)(gu)事(shi),由拉繆作腳(jiao)本,表(biao)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)士兵與奪取(qu)他(ta)靈(ling)魂的(de)(de)(de)(de)惡魔作斗爭(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)事(shi),作于1918年,該年9月(yue)28日由安塞(sai)美指揮(hui)首演。
這(zhe)部舞(wu)劇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)劇情為:一(yi)名士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)利(li)用(yong)半月休(xiu)假回(hui)鄉(xiang)探(tan)親,在(zai)河邊坐下(xia)拉起(qi)(qi)小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin),化妝(zhuang)成(cheng)小(xiao)(xiao)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)聞聲而來,愿以魔(mo)法之書與(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)交換小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)答(da)應(ying),并去(qu)老(lao)(lao)頭(tou)家過了3天(tian),這(zhe)3天(tian)實為3年,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)回(hui)家,未(wei)婚妻已(yi)與(yu)別人(ren)結(jie)婚生子。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)絕望后(hou)(hou),用(yong)魔(mo)法書而發財成(cheng)了富翁,但(dan)他(ta)一(yi)點也不(bu)(bu)幸(xing)福(fu),于(yu)是出(chu)門冒(mao)險。有一(yi)天(tian)來到一(yi)個(ge)(ge)國家,正逢公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)患病(bing)而不(bu)(bu)吃不(bu)(bu)喝,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)前(qian)去(qu)醫治(zhi),想治(zhi)好娶(qu)她(ta)為妻。在(zai)路上碰上為相同(tong)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo),惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)欲(yu)以小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin)醫公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)之疾,但(dan)在(zai)玩紙牌時把小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin)輸給士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以他(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin)給公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)演奏(zou)各種舞(wu)曲,治(zhi)愈了公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)病(bing),兩人(ren)欣喜若(ruo)狂。惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)嫉妒而咒士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)能離開這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)國家,士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)因想念故鄉(xiang)而邀公(gong)(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)起(qi)(qi)返鄉(xiang),剛跨出(chu)國境(jing)就被惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)俘獲,最(zui)后(hou)(hou)以惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)凱(kai)旋告(gao)終。全劇音樂(le)(le)包括:第(di)(di)一(yi)部:1.士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)進(jin)行曲,表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)爬山涉水,走向(xiang)故鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情景,結(jie)束(shu)進(jin)行曲后(hou)(hou),表(biao)(biao)(biao)現(xian)蹣(man)跚步行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)稍作休(xiu)息的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場(chang)景。2.第(di)(di)一(yi)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)音樂(le)(le),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)與(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)在(zai)小(xiao)(xiao)河邊休(xiu)息,朗誦(song)獨白“真是一(yi)個(ge)(ge)寥無人(ren)跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方,我(wo)是一(yi)名貧窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)”。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)取(qu)出(chu)小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin)拉琴(qin),低音管(guan)奏(zou)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)主(zhu)(zhu)題,幕拉上后(hou)(hou),惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)上場(chang)。3.第(di)(di)二(er)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)音樂(le)(le),惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)與(yu)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)對話,單(dan)簧(huang)管(guan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo),低音管(guan)代(dai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)起(qi)(qi)先拒絕誘惑,以田園風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋律應(ying)答(da)。單(dan)簧(huang)管(guan)再次表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)誘惑,表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)愿以魔(mo)法書來作交換。士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)起(qi)(qi)先不(bu)(bu)愿意(yi),2件樂(le)(le)器巧(qiao)妙應(ying)答(da)后(hou)(hou),終以同(tong)一(yi)調合奏(zou)牧歌,表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)達成(cheng)了協(xie)議。4.第(di)(di)三(san)景的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)音樂(le)(le),士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)用(yong)力擲出(chu)小(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)(ti)琴(qin),帶著魔(mo)法書的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)回(hui)到故鄉(xiang),故鄉(xiang)情景已(yi)不(bu)(bu)是當年模樣。
魔法書使士兵變為(wei)富翁,但他卻(que)并(bing)不感幸福(fu),小號動機表現士兵撕碎了魔法書,出門去尋找魔鬼。
第二(er)部(bu):1.士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)進行(xing)曲(qu)(qu)(qu),表現(xian)(xian)士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)又出門冒險,朗(lang)誦“士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)爬山涉水向前(qian)走”,“他甚至不知道(dao)自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去向”。2.國(guo)王(wang)(wang)進行(xing)曲(qu)(qu)(qu),表現(xian)(xian)士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)在宮(gong)中(zhong)拜見國(guo)王(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)景。以(yi)巴索多布萊(Paso doble)調表現(xian)(xian)宮(gong)廷氣氛(fen),單(dan)簧管以(yi)上行(xing)琶音(yin)表現(xian)(xian)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)在場。單(dan)簧管及(ji)低音(yin)管表現(xian)(xian)裝扮成小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提琴(qin)(qin)高手的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)對(dui)(dui)士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嘲諷(feng)后,長(chang)號奏(zou)(zou)(zou)莊嚴的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)動機(ji)。3.小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)音(yin)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)會,士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)從(cong)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)手中(zhong)奪回小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提琴(qin)(qin),開(kai)始(shi)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou),這是為(wei)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)首(shou)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)子,所以(yi)還沒有效(xiao)果。中(zhong)途出現(xian)(xian)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)動機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)反行(xing)。4.3首(shou)舞曲(qu)(qu)(qu),表現(xian)(xian)士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)為(wei)公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou),先(xian)為(wei)探戈舞曲(qu)(qu)(qu),在打擊樂(le)(le)(le)(le)節奏(zou)(zou)(zou)下,小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提琴(qin)(qin)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)幽默的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋律(lv);接(jie)著為(wei)圓舞曲(qu)(qu)(qu),再為(wei)繁音(yin)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)。5.惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)舞,惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)終(zhong)于(yu)敗(bai)在士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提琴(qin)(qin)技巧下,惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)不甘心地爬起(qi)(qi)來窺視士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)破(po)綻,士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)再拿出小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)提琴(qin)(qin)開(kai)始(shi)演(yan)奏(zou)(zou)(zou),惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)隨(sui)音(yin)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)起(qi)(qi)舞,終(zhong)于(yu)跳得精疲力竭而倒地。6.小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)圣詠(yong)曲(qu)(qu)(qu),士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)與公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)擁抱,4把管樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器以(yi)對(dui)(dui)位奏(zou)(zou)(zou)類(lei)似古(gu)代旋律(lv)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋律(lv)。7.惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)之(zhi)歌,為(wei)失敗(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咒(zhou)語伴(ban)奏(zou)(zou)(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)音(yin)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)。8.大圣詠(yong)曲(qu)(qu)(qu),4把管樂(le)(le)(le)(le)器合奏(zou)(zou)(zou)抒情(qing)(qing)主(zhu)(zhu)題(ti),士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)告訴公(gong)主(zhu)(zhu)有關故(gu)鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切,音(yin)樂(le)(le)(le)(le)籠罩在思鄉情(qing)(qing)緒(xu)之(zhi)中(zhong)。9.惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)凱旋進行(xing)曲(qu)(qu)(qu),描寫惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)抓住正(zheng)要跨(kua)越國(guo)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)得意洋洋情(qing)(qing)景,結尾以(yi)東(dong)方神(shen)秘感,既暗示惡(e)(e)(e)魔(mo)(mo)(mo)蹤(zong)跡(ji),也(ye)表示對(dui)(dui)人類(lei)命運的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)譏諷(feng)。
這(zhe)部舞(wu)劇(ju)全(quan)劇(ju)的(de)版(ban)本(ben)可(ke)選:1.馬克維奇指(zhi)揮帕里(li)金安(Parikian)合奏(zou)(zou)團(Cocteau朗(lang)誦)版(ban),Philips,CD編(bian)(bian)號(hao)438 973-2(2張(zhang),+斯特拉(la)文(wen)(wen)斯基(ji)《眾神領袖阿波羅》、《馬戲波爾卡》、第一、二組曲、《詩篇交響曲》),《企鵝(e)》評介三(san)星(xing)。2.弗倫德(Friend)指(zhi)揮蘇格蘭室(shi)內樂(le)團版(ban)(Christopher Lee朗(lang)誦),NIMB,CD編(bian)(bian)號(hao)NI5063,《企鵝(e)》評介三(san)星(xing)。3.布列茲指(zhi)揮巴黎現代音(yin)樂(le)團版(ban),Erato,CD編(bian)(bian)號(hao)4509 98955-2(3張(zhang))。這(zhe)三(san)張(zhang)唱片上(shang)另有斯特拉(la)文(wen)(wen)斯基(ji)的(de)《夜(ye)鶯之歌》、《4首樂(le)隊練習(xi)曲》、《普爾欽奈拉(la)》、《弦樂(le)四重奏(zou)(zou)小品(pin)3首》、自動(dong)鋼琴練習(xi)曲《馬德里(li)》、《4首俄羅斯農民歌曲》與歌劇(ju)《夜(ye)鶯》,《企鵝(e)》評介三(san)星(xing)保(bao)留一星(xing)。斯特拉(la)文(wen)(wen)斯基(ji)指(zhi)揮哥倫比亞交響樂(le)團演奏(zou)(zou)了(le)組曲,Sony,CD編(bian)(bian)號(hao)SIVOK 46291(3張(zhang),曲目參見《春之祭》)。