《鳳(feng)還巢》為(wei)梅(mei)蘭芳(fang)根據(ju)清宮藏本《循環序》改編的(de)京劇(ju),原名(ming)(ming)《陰陽樹》,又名(ming)(ming)《丑配(pei)》,于1929年在北京首演。此劇(ju)情(qing)節巧(qiao)妙(miao),行當齊全,與清代(dai)傳奇劇(ju)本《風箏誤》有異曲(qu)同工(gong)之(zhi)妙(miao)。雪(xue)娥的(de)幾大(da)段(duan)唱(chang)腔(qiang)華麗別致、明快(kuai)跌宕(dang)、如(ru)訴如(ru)歌,是梅(mei)派唱(chang)腔(qiang)中廣為(wei)流傳的(de)著名(ming)(ming)唱(chang)段(duan)。
明(ming)朝末年(nian),侍郎程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)告老還鄉。程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)生有(you)二女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv):大女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)為夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)所(suo)生,貌(mao)(mao)奇丑且行為舉止粗(cu)魯;次女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)程(cheng)(cheng)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)為側室所(suo)生,美(mei)貌(mao)(mao)聰明(ming),程(cheng)(cheng)愛(ai)之(zhi)如掌上明(ming)珠。程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)與(yu)宗皇朱(zhu)渙然游(you)春,遇故(gu)友之(zhi)子穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)(ju)易。程(cheng)(cheng)喜穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)居(ju)(ju)易翩翩少(shao)年(nian),認為其前程(cheng)(cheng)看(kan)好(hao)(hao),欲(yu)與(yu)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)擇婿,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)卻欲(yu)將雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)許(xu)穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。程(cheng)(cheng)壽(shou)辰(chen),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)來拜,留宿于書館。入夜(ye),夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)命己女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)冒雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)之(zhi)名去書館會穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見其貌(mao)(mao)丑無比,誤(wu)以為程(cheng)(cheng)騙婚(hun),連(lian)夜(ye)逃去,途中(zhong)遇到朱(zhu)渙然,朱(zhu)贈穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)銀馬(ma)助(zhu)其逃跑。程(cheng)(cheng)正憂穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)生去向不(bu)明(ming),適逢朝廷起用(yong),只好(hao)(hao)奉旨離(li)家(jia)(jia)出征。而(er)垂涎雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)已久的皇族朱(zhu)煥(huan)然,得知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)逃程(cheng)(cheng)去,乘(cheng)機冒穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)名來程(cheng)(cheng)家(jia)(jia)迎娶雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)。夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)信以為真,即以雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)代嫁。洞房(fang)中(zhong),兩人(ren)(ren)(ren)發現(xian)全是冒名頂替,雖后悔莫及,卻有(you)苦(ku)難(nan)言,只能將錯就錯。這時,地方強盜作亂,夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)去朱(zhu)家(jia)(jia)避(bi)難(nan),雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)因朱(zhu)行為不(bu)端不(bu)肯隨夫(fu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)前往。不(bu)久,程(cheng)(cheng)浦(pu)平定賊寇,接雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)至(zhi)軍中(zhong)。穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)也從軍在此。程(cheng)(cheng)又重提婚(hun)姻,穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)堅決(jue)拒婚(hun):元帥洪功(gong)及周監軍強給主婚(hun),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)不(bu)得已說明(ming)程(cheng)(cheng)女(nv)(nv)(nv)(nv)夤夜(ye)私入書館等情。程(cheng)(cheng)知穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)誤(wu)會,堅持完婚(hun)。洞房(fang)中(zhong),穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)見雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)貌(mao)(mao)美(mei),確非(fei)私入書房(fang)之(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),不(bu)由(you)大喜。雪(xue)(xue)(xue)娥(e)(e)卻因穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)拒婚(hun),委屈非(fei)常,在穆(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)一再謝罪之(zhi)下,才轉(zhuan)悲(bei)為喜,終(zhong)諧伉(kang)儷(li)。朱(zhu)渙然被劫,攜程(cheng)(cheng)妻、雪(xue)(xue)(xue)雁(yan)來投,最終(zhong)一家(jia)(jia)團(tuan)聚。
2022年8月(yue),京(jing)劇《鳳還巢》參加2022年戲曲百戲(昆山)盛典全(quan)國戲曲領軍人才優(you)秀劇目展演。
2019年10月(yue)2日,由文化和旅游部、北京市人民(min)政府主(zhu)辦(ban)的2019中國(guo)戲曲(qu)文化周2日在北京園(yuan)博園(yuan)開(kai)幕。梅(mei)派《鳳還巢》得到演出。
2021年12月14、15日,上海京劇院(yuan)的《鳳還(huan)巢》將在(zai)湖(hu)南大劇院(yuan)演(yan)出。