《花田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)》是京(jing)劇(ju),故(gu)(gu)事(shi)緣(yuan)于《水滸(hu)傳》,花田(tian)(tian)本意種花的(de)農田(tian)(tian),花田(tian)(tian)錯(cuo)是發生在種花小(xiao)鎮(zhen),花田(tian)(tian)祭上的(de)一(yi)系列陰差陽錯(cuo)的(de)故(gu)(gu)事(shi)。
花(hua)田(tian)錯(cuo)在(zai)原先(xian)的(de)傳(chuan)統演(yan)(yan)(yan)法中故事(shi)并(bing)不(bu)完整,只(zhi)到周通搶親為(wei)(wei)止;1912年(nian),荀(xun)派(pai)代(dai)表人物荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)改編創作(zuo)加上后(hou)半部并(bing)搬上京劇(ju)(ju)舞(wu)(wu)臺。荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng):幼年(nian)學梆子時(shi)的(de)開蒙戲,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)《辛(xin)安(an)驛》,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)《花(hua)田(tian)錯(cuo)》。這兩個戲均經(jing)荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)太(tai)老(lao)(lao)師侯(hou)俊(jun)山先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(老(lao)(lao)十三旦)親自(zi)指點(dian)。《花(hua)田(tian)錯(cuo)》的(de)傳(chuan)統演(yan)(yan)(yan)法自(zi)花(hua)田(tian)訪婿起至周通搶親止,故事(shi)是不(bu)完整的(de)。荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)改演(yan)(yan)(yan)京劇(ju)(ju)后(hou),依據《水(shui)(shui)滸(hu)》中“小(xiao)霸(ba)王醉臥銷金帳,莽提(ti)轄大鬧桃花(hua)村”一(yi)(yi)(yi)回增益(yi)首尾,將它搬上京劇(ju)(ju)舞(wu)(wu)臺。1919年(nian)與楊小(xiao)樓、譚小(xiao)培、尚小(xiao)云三位先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)由(you)京到滬(上海觀眾(zhong)(zhong)稱為(wei)(wei)“三小(xiao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)白”,因(yin)當時(shi)荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)仍用“白牡(mu)丹”藝名(ming)),在(zai)老(lao)(lao)天蟾舞(wu)(wu)臺演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu),荀(xun)慧(hui)生(sheng)(sheng)即以此戲打(da)炮,自(zi)飾春蘭(lan),演(yan)(yan)(yan)卞璣者為(wei)(wei)李桂(gui)芳。演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)后(hou),甚(shen)受觀眾(zhong)(zhong)歡迎,此后(hou)數十年(nian)屢演(yan)(yan)(yan)不(bu)衰(shuai),被稱為(wei)(wei)荀(xun)派(pai)代(dai)表作(zuo)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。本片根據同名(ming)京劇(ju)(ju)改編,源出(chu)「水(shui)(shui)滸(hu)傳(chuan)」,胡金銓編劇(ju)(ju)。值得(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)提(ti)的(de)是,擅演(yan)(yan)(yan)悲劇(ju)(ju)的(de)樂蒂首次以俏皮(pi)方式演(yan)(yan)(yan)出(chu)丫頭一(yi)(yi)(yi)角。故事(shi)始于才子(喬莊)落拓花(hua)田(tian),賣畫維生(sheng)(sheng),與官家小(xiao)姐(丁寧)一(yi)(yi)(yi)見鍾情,卻因(yin)惡霸(ba)(朱牧)介入而波折重重,鬧出(chu)連篇笑話……。
春(chun)蘭:花旦||卞璣:小生(sheng)||劉玉(yu)燕:旦||劉德(de)明:老(lao)生(sheng)||安人:老(lao)旦||李忠:老(lao)生(sheng)||周(zhou)(zhou)玉(yu)樓:旦||周(zhou)(zhou)通:凈(jing)(jing)||朱仝:老(lao)生(sheng)||雷(lei)橫:凈(jing)(jing)||魯達:凈(jing)(jing)||店東:丑
《花田(tian)錯》的(de)最初改編(bian)本(ben),其中卞璣先與(yu)劉(liu)玉燕(yan)訂親,周通誤將其搶至家中后(hou)(hou),又與(yu)周妹玉樓私訂終身,而(er)丫(ya)鬟春蘭也暗(an)有向往之意(yi),故(gu)戲終時(shi)出現了(le)一夫多妻的(de)場面。解放后(hou)(hou),荀慧生以為這樣結局,殊不(bu)可取,遂在演出時(shi)作了(le)改動。至1959年又重新(xin)審訂加工,刪除其中不(bu)妥(tuo)的(de)細節,并把結尾大團圓收場,更作喜劇(ju)夸張,給春蘭增加一段(duan)輕松愉快的(de)唱工,并配(pei)合活躍、流動的(de)舞蹈身段(duan),從而(er)越加烘托出喜劇(ju)的(de)歡樂氣氛(fen)。
(解放后改編版)
宋時(shi),桃花(hua)(hua)村富戶劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),有女玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan),及(ji)笄未(wei)嫁。時(shi)值花(hua)(hua)田盛(sheng)會(hui),劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)命丫鬟春蘭(lan)陪同劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)前(qian)往游賞,暗中(zhong)訪求佳婿。襄陽舉人卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji),上(shang)京(jing)趕考(kao),途(tu)中(zhong)因(yin)資斧拮據,乃(nai)于(yu)花(hua)(hua)田會(hui)上(shang)設(she)攤賣畫。春蘭(lan)見(jian)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)才貌不凡(fan),回(hui)家稟知劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)命家人往請(qing),不想誤將小霸王周通(tong)請(qing)來(lai)。周通(tong)限令(ling)(ling)三日之(zhi)內,須將劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)送與(yu)(yu)成親。春蘭(lan)設(she)計,使卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)男(nan)扮(ban)女裝(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)相(xiang)會(hui)。兩人正在(zai)定(ding)情之(zhi)際,周通(tong)突(tu)來(lai)搶(qiang)(qiang)親,竟(jing)誤將卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)搶(qiang)(qiang)去。旋周通(tong)因(yin)劫奪(duo)生辰綱之(zhi)事涉嫌,被(bei)(bei)傳至(zhi)公堂;周妹玉(yu)(yu)樓發覺(jue)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)喬裝(zhuang),詢明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)真相(xiang)以(yi)(yi)后(hou),遂將卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)釋放,并贈銀(yin)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)赴考(kao)資斧。劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)因(yin)女被(bei)(bei)搶(qiang)(qiang),赴衙(ya)告狀,隨同都頭雷橫去周寓,但(dan)又(you)將周玉(yu)(yu)樓搶(qiang)(qiang)回(hui)。此時(shi),春蘭(lan)誤以(yi)(yi)搶(qiang)(qiang)回(hui)者為(wei)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji),乃(nai)向劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)前(qian)次被(bei)(bei)搶(qiang)(qiang)者實為(wei)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji),竟(jing)令(ling)(ling)周玉(yu)(yu)樓改換(huan)男(nan)裝(zhuang)與(yu)(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)成親。花(hua)(hua)燭(zhu)之(zhi)夜(ye),周玉(yu)(yu)樓訴述(shu)事實原委,春蘭(lan)恐日后(hou)周通(tong)復來(lai)糾纏,仍(reng)留周玉(yu)(yu)樓住在(zai)莊中(zhong),以(yi)(yi)應(ying)付(fu)其兄。周通(tong)被(bei)(bei)釋以(yi)(yi)后(hou),果(guo)然通(tong)知劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming),當晚進莊成親。劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)正彷(pang)徨無計,適魯(lu)達前(qian)來(lai)投宿,聞知大怒,假扮(ban)新娘,隱于(yu)帳內,迨晚,周通(tong)至(zhi),被(bei)(bei)魯(lu)達痛打(da),逃跑。魯(lu)達追(zhui)至(zhi)途(tu)中(zhong),巧(qiao)遇(yu)打(da)虎將李(li)忠(zhong),從中(zhong)勸解,并令(ling)(ling)周通(tong)回(hui)莊向劉德(de)(de)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)請(qing)罪。時(shi)卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)已中(zhong)狀元(yuan),也(ye)至(zhi)桃花(hua)(hua)村。眾人相(xiang)見(jian),真相(xiang)大白。最后(hou),卞(bian)(bian)璣(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)劉玉(yu)(yu)燕(yan)完姻,周玉(yu)(yu)樓則在(zai)春蘭(lan)撮合下,與(yu)(yu)李(li)忠(zhong)成為(wei)夫婦。
Ps:關于桃花(hua)村的地理位置:
原始本(ben)中并未提(ti)及(ji),而(er)在解放后的改編(bian)本(ben)中出現了(le)地點雁(yan)門關(guan)(guan)紫(zi)陽鎮桃花(hua)村,不合邏輯(湖北襄陽的舉子(zi)去河南開封(feng)考試路過山西(xi)雁(yan)門關(guan)(guan)……),多半當時改編(bian)者(zhe)想當然的將京城當成了(le)北京;其時北京屬遼(liao)地,雁(yan)門關(guan)(guan)是真正的邊境(jing)。
《花田錯》的意思
1.《花田錯》是京(jing)劇,故(gu)事緣于(yu)《水滸傳》。
2.花田=種(zhong)花的農(nong)田,花田錯=發生在種(zhong)花小(xiao)鎮,花田祭(ji)上的錯誤(wu)故事。
花田盛(sheng)會,熱鬧滾(gun)滾(gun);古靈精怪(guai)的丫頭(tou)春蘭(lan),陪(pei)著劉(liu)家(jia)小(xiao)姐(jie)月(yue)英(ying)上街(jie),打算(suan)依照本地習俗,讓(rang)小(xiao)姐(jie)在街(jie)上挑(tiao)選乘龍快婿(xu)。月(yue)英(ying)小(xiao)姐(jie)看中了在路(lu)旁賣(mai)字畫(hua)的白面書生(sheng)卞機,主仆二人決議返家(jia)向母親(qin)稟明一切(qie)(qie),眼看著一切(qie)(qie)將(jiang)要(yao)如此幸福(fu)美滿(man),誰料到(dao)糊涂管家(jia)上街(jie)請婿(xu),陰(yin)錯陽(yang)差竟然錯請到(dao)了小(xiao)霸王周通(tong)……