《定軍山(shan)》又名《取(qu)東川》《一戰成功》,京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)傳統劇(ju)(ju)(ju)目。取(qu)材于《三國演義(yi)》,大(da)(da)體與清宮廷大(da)(da)戲《鼎峙春秋(qiu)》中的內容相(xiang)仿(fang)。劇(ju)(ju)(ju)本(ben)由譚富英(ying)、陶君(jun)起整理,寶文堂出版。有《戲考(kao)》《戲學匯考(kao)》《戲典》《修訂(ding)平劇(ju)(ju)(ju)選》《戲學指南》《名伶京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)大(da)(da)觀》《京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)從刊》等(deng)(deng)刊本(ben)。除京劇(ju)(ju)(ju)外,漢劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、川劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、微劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、秦腔、晉(jin)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、粵(yue)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、滇劇(ju)(ju)(ju)、同州(zhou)梆(bang)(bang)子(zi)河北梆(bang)(bang)子(zi)等(deng)(deng)劇(ju)(ju)(ju)種均有該劇(ju)(ju)(ju)目。
該劇目(mu)講述了三國時期,魏蜀交戰(zhan),曹操遣(qian)大將張頜攻打葭(jia)萌關(guan),張敗走定(ding)軍(jun)山(shan)(shan),投奔夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵。諸葛亮用激(ji)將法使(shi)黃(huang)(huang)忠立下(xia)軍(jun)令狀,發誓十日內攻下(xia)定(ding)軍(jun)山(shan)(shan)。兩軍(jun)交戰(zhan)中(zhong),黃(huang)(huang)忠生擒夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵之侄(zhi)夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)尚(shang),并用其換取部將陳(chen)式(shi)。在走馬換將之際,黃(huang)(huang)忠將夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)尚(shang)射死(si),激(ji)夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵出陣(zhen)較(jiao)量,并施展拖(tuo)刀計,斬殺(sha)夏(xia)侯(hou)(hou)(hou)淵,奪取定(ding)軍(jun)山(shan)(shan)。
諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)一生(sheng)用(yong)兵(bing)(bing),善用(yong)激(ji)(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)法(fa)。建(jian)安二(er)十三年,魏將(jiang)(jiang)張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)犯葭萌關,守將(jiang)(jiang)霍峻申報乞救(jiu)。諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)又用(yong)此法(fa),佯(yang)言(yan)欲向閬中(zhong)調取張(zhang)(zhang)飛(fei)往敵(di),并(bing)力夸張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)乃(nai)魏之(zhi)名(ming)將(jiang)(jiang),斷非(fei)張(zhang)(zhang)飛(fei)不(bu)可,以(yi)激(ji)(ji)眾心(xin)。時黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)年雖老,然心(xin)雄萬夫,竟為諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)所激(ji)(ji)動,即(ji)在帳前輪刀開弓,以(yi)示勇(yong)力。銳(rui)身自任,愿往破張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he),并(bing)舉老將(jiang)(jiang)嚴顏(yan)為副。諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)知二(er)人智勇(yong)兼全(quan),本自可用(yong),遂遣(qian)(qian)之(zhi)。既(ji)赴(fu)救(jiu)。張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)欺二(er)將(jiang)(jiang)皆老邁(mai),易視(shi)之(zhi),不(bu)意黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)始用(yong)驕兵(bing)(bing)之(zhi)計,連次佯(yang)敗,卒于一夜(ye)突出襲殺,大敗張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),直逼漢水。張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚(shang)等(deng),只得退(tui)奔天(tian)蕩(dang)(dang)山(shan)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)德處。蓋天(tian)蕩(dang)(dang)、米(mi)倉兩(liang)山(shan),系(xi)魏兵(bing)(bing)屯(tun)糧之(zhi)要(yao)隘也。詎張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)、夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚(shang)等(deng)才至未幾(ji),黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)已引軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)追(zhui)及,鼓噪而進(jin)。蓋黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)預遣(qian)(qian)嚴顏(yan)抄出山(shan)后,在前燒屯(tun)接應(ying)。故能一戰而克(ke)天(tian)蕩(dang)(dang)。斬夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)德,兵(bing)(bing)勢如破竹也。既(ji)得天(tian)蕩(dang)(dang),諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)即(ji)偕劉(liu)備,舉兵(bing)(bing)十萬,進(jin)駐葭萌。擬乘勝直圖漢中(zhong)。諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)知黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)威方振,余勇(yong)可賈(jia),尤可用(yong)也。乃(nai)下令欲取定軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)山(shan),且(qie)言(yan)夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵非(fei)張(zhang)(zhang)郃(he)(he)(he)之(zhi)比,復以(yi)調回關羽一語(yu)激(ji)(ji)黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)。黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)益(yi)奮勇(yong),如前狀。諸葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)于是遣(qian)(qian)法(fa)正(zheng)為之(zhi)佐,復任黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)為前鋒。陰遣(qian)(qian)趙云將(jiang)(jiang)奇兵(bing)(bing)出小路接應(ying)。既(ji)而黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)乘兩(liang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)釋換(huan)俘(fu)虜之(zhi)時,故意射死夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)尚(shang),以(yi)激(ji)(ji)怒夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵,使夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵輕進(jin)憤事。夏(xia)(xia)侯(hou)淵果以(yi)此致敗,卒被(bei)黃(huang)忠(zhong)(zhong)刀劈馬下而亡。蜀軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)遂定東川。