基本信息
公(gong)園(yuan)名稱: 南山湖國(guo)家森林(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)
所在(zai)省市: 浙江嵊(sheng)州市長樂鎮
公(gong)園海拔: 500米以下
面積22.38平方公里
景 區 數(shu): 4
景 點 數: 50
森林景觀
公(gong)(gong)園內森林(lin)面(mian)積1697.1公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),其(qi)中(zhong)人工林(lin)1007.5公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),次(ci)生林(lin)689.6公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),森林(lin)覆蓋率77.5%,如除(chu)去(qu)水面(mian)面(mian)積,則高達92%,尤其(qi)是在(zai)南山湖(hu)周圍,有近700公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)的次(ci)生林(lin),80%為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)針(zhen)闊混交林(lin),優(you)勢樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以馬(ma)尾松與楓香為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu);20%為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)常綠闊葉林(lin),優(you)勢樹種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以殼斗科植物為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),苦櫧與青岡成為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建群種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);另有少量水上森林(lin)也頗具(ju)特色。經過(guo)長期封山育林(lin),現森林(lin)茂密,物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣,郁閉(bi)度多(duo)在(zai)0.7以上;林(lin)相整齊,在(zai)湖(hu)的周圍形成一道靚麗的風景線。
公園內的南(nan)山(shan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場,因經(jing)(jing)營方針已(yi)從(cong)原(yuan)來以木材生產為主轉到(dao)目(mu)前以保(bao)護資源為主,經(jing)(jing)過數十年的封山(shan)育林(lin)(lin)(lin)、造林(lin)(lin)(lin),這里的生態(tai)環境得(de)到(dao)有效改善(shan),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被得(de)到(dao)很大程度(du)的恢復,大片針葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、針闊(kuo)混交林(lin)(lin)(lin)、闊(kuo)葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)、竹林(lin)(lin)(lin)顯現(xian)其中;登(deng)高遠眺(tiao),在湖的周圍是(shi)一片茫(mang)茫(mang)林(lin)(lin)(lin)海(hai),蔚為壯觀。
碧湖溪瀑
公(gong)園屬(shu)剡溪(xi)水(shui)(shui)系,內有大小(xiao)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊三個,總(zong)面(mian)積316.5公(gong)頃(qing)。從(cong)北(bei)至南(nan)分(fen)別為南(nan)山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(又(you)名南(nan)山水(shui)(shui)庫)、太子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(又(you)名斤絲潭(tan)水(shui)(shui)庫)及(ji)豐潭(tan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(又(you)名豐潭(tan)水(shui)(shui)庫)。南(nan)山湖(hu)(hu)(hu)廣博、坦蕩,豐潭(tan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)深淵(yuan)、神(shen)奇,太子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)小(xiao)巧、秀氣。水(shui)(shui)庫外半部(bu)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)寬(kuan)闊,煙波浩渺(miao);內半部(bu)峽谷水(shui)(shui)灣(wan)柳(liu)暗花明(ming)、逶迤曲折,如綠稠縈回、玉(yu)帶鎖(suo)春(chun)。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)清澈潔凈,含(han)沙量極小(xiao),透明(ming)度在數米以上。如遇(yu)云霧雨天(tian),則水(shui)(shui)天(tian)一色(se),游云飄(piao)渺(miao),宛若仙境(jing)。
湖邊溪(xi)澗清泉石上流,瀑、潭(tan)(tan)(tan)、灘(tan)美妙天(tian)成,動(dong)靜變幻(huan)、姿態(tai)萬(wan)千。溪(xi)澗上瀑布(bu)眾多(較(jiao)為著(zhu)名的有5處),位(wei)于天(tian)興(xing)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)景(jing)區的浙東大龍(long)谷(gu),這里曲折幽深,瀑多潭(tan)(tan)(tan)深,形態(tai)各異。千丈飛(fei)瀑、斤絲(si)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)飛(fei)瀑以雄見長(chang),金銀瀑、玉龍(long)飛(fei)瀑以深藏、秀巧取(qu)勝,柏春瀑細如銀鏈(lian),曲曲折折,纖秀婀娜,聲(sheng)如絲(si)竹。碧潭(tan)(tan)(tan)或(huo)獨(du)積于溪(xi)床深切處,或(huo)與瀑布(bu)相依相存;潭(tan)(tan)(tan)有圓潭(tan)(tan)(tan)、重潭(tan)(tan)(tan)、黑(hei)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)、五色潭(tan)(tan)(tan)等,有些碧潭(tan)(tan)(tan)則數(shu)潭(tan)(tan)(tan)串連,天(tian)興(xing)潭(tan)(tan)(tan),一潭(tan)(tan)(tan)之內色彩(cai)繽紛(fen)絢麗,神妙離奇。
火山地質
在天興(xing)潭景區有一狹谷,谷深120米(mi),長1千米(mi),曾(ceng)是(shi)古火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)噴(pen)發通道,內有多(duo)處火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)口遺跡(ji),其(qi)中最具(ju)特色的(de)是(shi)火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)蛋。在火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)巖漿(jiang)冷凝(ning)后形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)的(de)巨巖上有無數(shu)卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)石塊(kuai)鑲嵌其(qi)間,小(xiao)的(de)直徑(jing)約5厘米(mi),大的(de)直徑(jing)達20多(duo)厘米(mi),形(xing)(xing)如孔龍蛋,經(jing)過長期(qi)的(de)雨淋(lin)風蝕(shi),其(qi)顏色已失去(qu)火(huo)(huo)山(shan)(shan)巖(玄武巖)之本(ben)色,變成(cheng)乳(ru)白色,極具(ju)觀(guan)賞價值。此外(wai),公園山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)眾(zhong)多(duo),園內大小(xiao)山(shan)(shan)峰(feng)(feng)有一百余處。眾(zhong)峰(feng)(feng)高低不一,形(xing)(xing)態(tai)各(ge)異,又有各(ge)種異巖怪石,形(xing)(xing)態(tai)逼真,栩栩如生(sheng)。
人文古跡
古嵊(sheng)縣是古“唐詩之路”的(de)(de)重要之地(di)段,王(wang)羲之、戴逵、謝靈(ling)運、李白(bai)、杜甫、朱熹、陸游、王(wang)十朋——眾多(duo)名人(ren)在(zai)這里都留有(you)墨寶詩篇(pian)和足跡。公園(yuan)內(nei)的(de)(de)貴(gui)(gui)門村、白(bai)宅墅有(you)南(nan)宋理學家(jia)宗師朱熹蹤(zong)跡、墨寶。貴(gui)(gui)門更(geng)樓以石壘洞(dong),以洞(dong)為(wei)門,在(zai)洞(dong)的(de)(de)上方為(wei)鹿門書院,曾為(wei)南(nan)宋理學宗師朱熹、名儒呂規叔布(bu)道講學之地(di);朱熹手跡石刻至今(jin)保存完好(hao)。