芒果视频下载

基本介紹

紅鋸蛺蝶(die)(Cethosia bibles Drury)為(wei)鱗翅目(Lep-idopterd)、蛺蝶(die)科(ke)(Nymphalidae)昆蟲，國(guo)內(nei)分布于江西(xi)(xi)、福建、廣東、廣西(xi)(xi)、海南、四川、云南，幼蟲寄主植物為(wei)西(xi)(xi)番蓮(Passifloraceae)。中國(guo)有(you)3個(ge)亞種。紅鋸蛺蝶(die)因體態優美、色彩艷(yan)麗，具有(you)較高的觀賞價(jia)值，在觀光蝴(hu)蝶(die)園(yuan)和蝴(hu)蝶(die)工藝品(pin)中大量(liang)使用。

生長與分布

分布范圍

國內分布于江西、福建、廣東、海南(nan)、廣西、四(si)川、云南(nan)。

國外分(fen)布(bu)于緬甸(dian)、泰國、馬來西亞、尼泊爾、錫(xi)金、不丹、印度。

生活史

在西雙版(ban)納該蝶1年7代，以(yi)第7代3齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)冬，越(yue)冬時間從每年的12月起至(zhi)次年2月中旬止。其(qi)余各代歷(li)期(qi)35—40d，室內21—28℃下，卵期(qi)8-11d，幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)12—16d，蛹期(qi)8—9d，雌蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壽命12—18d，雄蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)壽命6—10d。幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)共(gong)4齡(ling)，1—2齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取食(shi)嫩葉，喜群(qun)集(ji)；3—4齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取食(shi)嫩葉、嫩枝和(he)老葉；齡(ling)幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)還取食(shi)莖的綠(lv)色(se)表皮，其(qi)食(shi)量占整個幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)期(qi)的78.98%。幼(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)喜食(shi)三開(kai)瓢(piao)，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)喜訪馬纓丹(dan)(dan)、仙丹(dan)(dan)花、九重葛等有花植物(wu)。在人工飼(si)養條件下，成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的交配率和(he)產卵量與網室的大(da)小和(he)蝴蝶的密度有關。

形態及特征

雄(xiong)蝶(die)翅(chi)(chi)正面橘紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)，兩翅(chi)(chi)具(ju)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)鋸狀外緣。前翅(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室內有幾條黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)橫線，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室端有2個小白(bai)斑(ban)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)域有1列(lie)(lie)“V”字形(xing)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)（4—5個），其(qi)外有1列(lie)(lie)白(bai)斑(ban)，黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)外緣帶上具(ju)白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)“（”形(xing)斑(ban)列(lie)(lie)。雌(ci)翅(chi)(chi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)淡(dan)，有的呈灰色(se)(se)(se)(se)或淡(dan)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)。翅(chi)(chi)反面黃(huang)褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)或橙黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)紋特(te)殊，兩翅(chi)(chi)有淡(dan)色(se)(se)(se)(se)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)橫帶及后中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)橫帶，其(qi)間(jian)(jian)有橄欖形(xing)黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)環(huan)列(lie)(lie)，每個環(huan)外側有2個小黑(hei)(hei)點；前翅(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)室內有褐色(se)(se)(se)(se)和白(bai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)橫帶，其(qi)間(jian)(jian)有黑(hei)(hei)色(se)(se)(se)(se)細(xi)條紋。

生活習性

成蟲習性

野(ye)外成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)多(duo)活動于林(lin)間(jian)空地(di)、林(lin)緣向陽(yang)開(kai)(kai)闊地(di)帶，有時也(ye)在平原(yuan)地(di)區尋找蜜源植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)。喜(xi)訪馬纓(ying)丹(dan)花，有時也(ye)取(qu)食(shi)發酵水果汁液、甚至(zhi)動物(wu)(wu)糞便(bian)。在產(chan)卵(luan)園內(nei)，紅(hong)色(se)、橙色(se)和(he)黃色(se)等顏(yan)色(se)的(de)花對成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)最有吸引力，鋪有紅(hong)布(bu)的(de)喂食(shi)盤能吸引大量(liang)(liang)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)食(shi)。靜止取(qu)食(shi)時翅(chi)膀大多(duo)合攏(long)，偶(ou)而將翅(chi)膀展開(kai)(kai)。飛行(xing)低緩，休息時常(chang)停棲在低矮灌叢上(shang)(shang)，翅(chi)膀合攏(long)，但上(shang)(shang)午有展開(kai)(kai)翅(chi)膀曬(shai)太陽(yang)的(de)習性。雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)卵(luan)前圍繞寄主(zhu)(zhu)植(zhi)株下部長時間(jian)飛行(xing)，尋找適宜的(de)產(chan)卵(luan)位置。如(ru)無驚(jing)擾，雌(ci)蝶(die)一(yi)天(tian)(tian)內(nei)只產(chan)一(yi)次(ci)卵(luan)。卵(luan)大多(duo)聚產(chan)在寄主(zhu)(zhu)卷須、葉片(pian)(pian)反面(mian)、嫩葉和(he)嫩枝上(shang)(shang)，偶(ou)爾也(ye)產(chan)在葉片(pian)(pian)正面(mian)和(he)嫩芽上(shang)(shang)，卵(luan)粒(li)(li)呈片(pian)(pian)狀(zhuang)或(huo)(huo)串(chuan)狀(zhuang)分布(bu)，每(mei)片(pian)(pian)或(huo)(huo)串(chuan)12～134粒(li)(li)卵(luan)。每(mei)產(chan)下數(shu)粒(li)(li)卵(luan)后，成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)即向前輕(qing)微移動位置。卵(luan)塊中(zhong)卵(luan)粒(li)(li)的(de)數(shu)量(liang)(liang)與雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)產(chan)卵(luan)中(zhong)有無驚(jing)擾及(ji)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)日(ri)齡有關。求偶(ou)行(xing)為屬典型的(de)“巡游型”，雄(xiong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)對于地(di)面(mian)已死亡的(de)雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)也(ye)感興趣，未發現其有明顯的(de)領域性。交(jiao)(jiao)配(pei)(pei)發生在晴天(tian)(tian)上(shang)(shang)午，交(jiao)(jiao)配(pei)(pei)場所(suo)多(duo)在植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)葉片(pian)(pian)下等隱(yin)蔽處，有時也(ye)在產(chan)卵(luan)園壁上(shang)(shang)。交(jiao)(jiao)配(pei)(pei)時兩成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)翅(chi)膀合攏(long)、豎立背面(mian)，呈“一(yi)”字排列。受到驚(jing)擾時，雄(xiong)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)帶著雌(ci)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)離去。

幼蟲習性

1～5齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)均有(you)(you)強烈(lie)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)集(ji)習(xi)性(xing)，尤以(yi)1～3齡(ling)(ling)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)密度(du)最大(da)(da)。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)上(shang)午(wu)孵化(hua)。孵化(hua)時(shi)，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)以(yi)頭(tou)部頂開卵(luan)(luan)蓋爬出。不(bu)少(shao)胚(pei)胎在(zai)胚(pei)胎發育后期(qi)死亡。初孵幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)卵(luan)(luan)殼后在(zai)附近等(deng)候同卵(luan)(luan)塊(kuai)或(huo)卵(luan)(luan)串的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)，并不(bu)立即(ji)尋找適宜位(wei)置(zhi)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)。同一卵(luan)(luan)塊(kuai)中的(de)(de)(de)卵(luan)(luan)全部孵化(hua)后，所有(you)(you)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)集(ji)在(zai)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)嫩(nen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)反面，主要聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)靠近葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)尖(jian)部位(wei)，有(you)(you)時(shi)多達近百只(zhi)，取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)肉和表皮，余下(xia)中脈和較粗的(de)(de)(de)側脈，有(you)(you)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)余下(xia)上(shang)表皮，在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)緣留下(xia)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)缺(que)刻，或(huo)在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)上(shang)形成寬(kuan)大(da)(da)及網(wang)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)穿孔。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)將該葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)食(shi)盡后集(ji)體(ti)(ti)轉移。個(ge)(ge)(ge)別(bie)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)在(zai)活動中暫時(shi)脫(tuo)離(li)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)，稍后也(ye)(ye)能再次加入集(ji)體(ti)(ti)。如幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)偶爾(er)(er)掉(diao)落地(di)面或(huo)由于其他(ta)原因遠(yuan)離(li)原來群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)，在(zai)重新爬上(shang)寄(ji)主植(zhi)(zhi)物后也(ye)(ye)會尋找其他(ta)同種幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)加入，即(ji)使齡(ling)(ling)期(qi)不(bu)一致。如果寄(ji)主植(zhi)(zhi)株上(shang)沒有(you)(you)同種幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)，失散幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)也(ye)(ye)加入到同屬的(de)(de)(de)白帶鋸蛺蝶幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)中。常有(you)(you)大(da)(da)量幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)寄(ji)主卷(juan)須上(shang)脫(tuo)皮，原因還不(bu)清(qing)楚(chu)。臨近脫(tuo)皮時(shi)，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)胸腹部各節腫脹，尤以(yi)前(qian)胸明顯，頭(tou)部前(qian)伸。先脫(tuo)皮的(de)(de)(de)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)仍靜候同群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)的(de)(de)(de)其他(ta)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)脫(tuo)皮。2齡(ling)(ling)幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)仍群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)集(ji)寄(ji)主葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)下(xia)面取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)，可將葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)大(da)(da)部吃掉(diao)，有(you)(you)時(shi)余下(xia)中脈微管束。3齡(ling)(ling)以(yi)后，幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)可聚(ju)集(ji)在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)正面、幼(you)(you)(you)(you)嫩(nen)枝干和葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄處(chu)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)，直到化(hua)蛹前(qian)也(ye)(ye)大(da)(da)多保(bao)持(chi)聚(ju)集(ji)習(xi)性(xing)，但群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)體(ti)(ti)會越來越小，個(ge)(ge)(ge)別(bie)個(ge)(ge)(ge)體(ti)(ti)會離(li)群(qun)(qun)(qun)(qun)活動。幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)、卷(juan)須和嫩(nen)莖，可將葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)殆(dai)盡，偶爾(er)(er)會取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)老(lao)黃的(de)(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)。食(shi)物不(bu)足時(shi)，也(ye)(ye)取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)寄(ji)主主莖的(de)(de)(de)表皮。老(lao)熟幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)喜在(zai)較為(wei)開闊(kuo)干燥的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方化(hua)蛹，如寄(ji)主葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)下(xia)、養(yang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)杯蓋下(xia)及飼養(yang)籠的(de)(de)(de)頂部。越冬幼(you)(you)(you)(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)仍然取(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)食(shi)寄(ji)主植(zhi)(zhi)物基部莖皮，而未進入滯育狀(zhuang)態。

價值及其他

主要價值

紅鋸蛺蝶是國產蛺蝶中最(zui)艷麗的種類之一。成蟲(chong)飛行低(di)矮、緩慢，非常(chang)適合(he)在(zai)蝴蝶觀賞園(yuan)中使用，也是工藝制作和(he)喜慶放飛的優良(liang)蝶種。對經(jing)濟和(he)園(yuan)林植物無危害記(ji)錄，各地放飛利用的生(sheng)態風險較(jiao)低(di)。世代周期短，卵聚(ju)產，幼蟲(chong)群集取食，適合(he)室內(nei)飼(si)養，應在(zai)南(nan)方各地大(da)量(liang)推廣養殖。