簡介
貴(gui)州(zhou)省仙(xian)鶴坪國家(jia)森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)位(wei)于珠江(jiang)上游貴(gui)州(zhou)省黔(qian)(qian)西(xi)南(nan)州(zhou)安龍縣境內,地處云貴(gui)高原東南(nan)邊(bian)緣的(de)(de)斜坡(po)地帶(dai),公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)總規(gui)劃面積9065公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),由仙(xian)鶴坪景區(qu)、篤山(shan)景區(qu)、平樂景區(qu)和坡(po)腳景區(qu)四(si)個(ge)景區(qu)所組成。公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)的(de)(de)自(zi)然地理(li)環境獨特(te),喀斯特(te)地貌、森林(lin)、水文、生(sheng)物、天象(xiang)獨具特(te)色(se)(se),風土人情古樸(pu)深厚,氣候涼(liang)爽(shuang)宜人,是黔(qian)(qian)西(xi)南(nan)和滇黔(qian)(qian)桂(gui)交界地區(qu)特(te)色(se)(se)鮮明的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)旅(lv)游及避(bi)暑勝地。
興隆鎮的(de)(de)仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)(ping)大(da)(da)山一帶是(shi)(shi)黔西南州常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)保存最好的(de)(de)地區(qu),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)面積約666公頃(qing),山體最低海拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)800多(duo)米(mi),最高(gao)海拔(ba)(ba)為(wei)1756米(mi),垂直高(gao)差(cha)900多(duo)米(mi),山體上(shang)溝谷(gu)縱橫,有(you)九十九道溝之說,從低海拔(ba)(ba)到高(gao)海拔(ba)(ba)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)植物(wu)(wu)區(qu)系組成在不斷的(de)(de)變化,低海拔(ba)(ba)地帶有(you)棕櫚科的(de)(de)山焦,中(zhong)海拔(ba)(ba)地帶有(you)短(duan)梗四照花、宜昌潤楠(nan)、青岡(gang)、穗序鵝(e)掌柴等,高(gao)海拔(ba)(ba)地帶有(you)石(shi)果(guo)(guo)紅(hong)山茶(cha)、大(da)(da)廠茶(cha)、美味獼猴桃、水青岡(gang)、狹葉方竹、皺(zhou)葉玉山竹、木蓮、含笑、野草莓、馬尾樹等。仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)(ping)大(da)(da)山上(shang)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)植被(bei)重(zhong)重(zhong)疊疊,四季有(you)花開,四季有(you)果(guo)(guo)熟,是(shi)(shi)竹節人(ren)參的(de)(de)故鄉(xiang),是(shi)(shi)黃柏的(de)(de)野生產地,是(shi)(shi)多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)野生動物(wu)(wu)棲息的(de)(de)場所。仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)(ping)大(da)(da)山林(lin)(lin)木種(zhong)(zhong)類豐富,有(you)1000多(duo)畝的(de)(de)石(shi)果(guo)(guo)紅(hong)山茶(cha)林(lin)(lin),有(you)4000多(duo)畝的(de)(de)方竹林(lin)(lin),林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)珍稀植物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)類極為(wei)豐富。仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)(ping)大(da)(da)山森(sen)林(lin)(lin)覆(fu)蓋率在90%以(yi)上(shang),春(chun)來萬物(wu)(wu)復(fu)蘇,夏來百花爭妍,秋來碩果(guo)(guo)累累,冬來茶(cha)花紅(hong)遍。
北部區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)篤山(shan)鄉(xiang)、錢相鄉(xiang)主要(yao)森林(lin)為喀斯特(te)森林(lin),擁有(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)、常(chang)(chang)綠(lv)落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)混(hun)交林(lin),森林(lin)類型有(you)(you)小葉(xie)(xie)枇杷林(lin)、篤山(shan)懸(xuan)竹林(lin)、翠(cui)柏林(lin)、貴(gui)州山(shan)核(he)桃林(lin)、重陽(yang)(yang)木林(lin)、櫟(li)類林(lin)、青岡林(lin)等。篤山(shan)懸(xuan)竹林(lin)分(fen)布于(yu)篤山(shan)鄉(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)王(wang)院村一帶,波浪起伏,猶如無數(shu)條綠(lv)色巨龍在舞,植被外貌景觀較(jiao)為獨(du)特(te)。王(wang)院的(de)(de)(de)翠(cui)柏挺拔于(yu)山(shan)頂地帶,熬霜(shuang)斗雪,四季蔥綠(lv)。打凼(dang)的(de)(de)(de)重陽(yang)(yang)木(水(shui)冬(dong)瓜(gua))古(gu)樹(shu)群(qun)映襯于(yu)山(shan)水(shui)之(zhi)間,將自然文化(hua)和民族文化(hua)融合在一起,多株古(gu)木沿村中的(de)(de)(de)步道和水(shui)邊生長(chang)(chang),平(ping)均(jun)樹(shu)高17m,平(ping)均(jun)胸(xiong)圍(wei)280cm,平(ping)均(jun)冠幅20m,平(ping)均(jun)樹(shu)齡約400年。其(qi)中最大的(de)(de)(de)一株古(gu)重陽(yang)(yang)木樹(shu)高18m,胸(xiong)圍(wei)377cm,冠幅東西長(chang)(chang)24m,南北寬26m,樹(shu)上長(chang)(chang)滿(man)了(le)苔(tai)蘚、蕨類和衛矛科藤本(ben)植物。篤山(shan)大石(shi)板的(de)(de)(de)小葉(xie)(xie)枇杷,模式(shi)標本(ben)產地鎮寧黃果樹(shu)已較(jiao)難見到(dao),而篤山(shan)地區(qu)每年都開(kai)花結實,繁衍正常(chang)(chang)。
仙鶴(he)坪國家森林(lin)(lin)公園(yuan)是一個(ge)喀斯(si)特自然博物館及侵蝕地(di)(di)貌的特殊地(di)(di)帶(dai),是兩(liang)種地(di)(di)貌的結(jie)合體,兩(liang)種地(di)(di)貌均非常具有(you)特色(se)。仙鶴(he)坪公園(yuan)內的峰(feng)林(lin)(lin)從興(xing)隆鎮(zhen)的下扎村(cun)、冗華村(cun)到(dao)平(ping)樂鄉、篤(du)山鄉、錢相鄉、新安鎮(zhen)連成一片(pian),登高而望(wang),一望(wang)無際,群峰(feng)如(ru)海(hai),蔚為壯觀,風景如(ru)畫。濃郁的布依族風情迎接著各地(di)(di)的游客(ke)。
仙鶴坪的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)資源豐富。據(ju)不完(wan)全統計,園區內的(de)植(zhi)物(wu)種類(lei)在2000種以上,有(you)藻類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)、菌類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)、地衣植(zhi)物(wu)、苔蘚植(zhi)物(wu)、蕨類(lei)植(zhi)物(wu)和種子(zi)植(zhi)物(wu)等(deng)。木(mu)本(ben)植(zhi)物(wu)約800余(yu)種,其中喬(qiao)木(mu)有(you)450種以上。
公園地理
公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)地理坐(zuo)標(biao)為(wei)北(bei)緯24°55′00″~25°20′25″,東經105°23′11″~105°40′00″。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)東部(bu)以安(an)龍和(he)冊(ce)亨縣(xian)(xian)的(de)縣(xian)(xian)界為(wei)界,南部(bu)以安(an)龍和(he)冊(ce)亨縣(xian)(xian)的(de)縣(xian)(xian)界及南盤江為(wei)界,西部(bu)接安(an)龍縣(xian)(xian)德臥鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、木咱鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、324國道(dao)坡(po)(po)腳(jiao)至安(an)龍段、新(xin)安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)界(箐山(shan)村、銅鼓井村除外)、錢(qian)相(xiang)鄉(xiang)鄉(xiang)界(打凼村除外),北(bei)部(bu)接龍山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)鄉(xiang)界級貞豐縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)界。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)9065公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing),含坡(po)(po)腳(jiao)景區(qu)(qu)、仙鶴坪景區(qu)(qu)、平樂景區(qu)(qu)和(he)篤山(shan)景區(qu)(qu),四個(ge)景區(qu)(qu)連(lian)成一片(pian)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行政區(qu)(qu)域涉及安(an)龍縣(xian)(xian)興隆(long)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、平樂鄉(xiang)、篤山(shan)鄉(xiang)、坡(po)(po)腳(jiao)鄉(xiang)、錢(qian)相(xiang)鄉(xiang)和(he)新(xin)安(an)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。 公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內森林(lin)覆蓋率 70% 原(yuan)始林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 570.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)次生林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 5775公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing) 人(ren)工林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 33公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 6345.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing) 國有(you)林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 47公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)集體林(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 6028.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing) 其(qi)它林(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 270.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)
公園氣(qi)候屬中亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)候區,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15℃~19.3℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)22.3℃~26℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷(leng)月(yue)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)6.4℃~10.1℃,常年(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)35℃~39℃,常年(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-1℃~-7℃,極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)41℃,極端(duan)最(zui)(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)(wen)-12℃。年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時數(shu)1359~1607.4小時,光能(neng)輻射量98.85千(qian)卡/平(ping)方(fang)厘米~106.53千(qian)卡/平(ping)方(fang)厘米,日照(zhao)百分率31%~36%。年(nian)(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)5694℃~7044.5℃,≥0℃的(de)有(you)348~365天;≥10℃有(you)247~297天,積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)4639.2℃~6281.9℃;≥20℃的(de)有(you)88~146天,積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)1888.4℃~3592.3℃;無霜期277~320天。
公(gong)園(yuan)區年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)1126.9mm~1289.8mm,降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)分配不均(jun),5~8月份(fen)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)777.9~809.9mm,占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降量(liang)65.27%~71%。夏半年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)的(de)83.2~83.3%,冬半年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)占(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)16.7%~16.8%。一年(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)最少,占(zhan)5%,春季(ji)(ji)(ji)較少,占(zhan)23.4%,夏季(ji)(ji)(ji)最多,占(zhan)51.8%,秋季(ji)(ji)(ji)比(bi)春季(ji)(ji)(ji)為少,占(zhan)19.6%。空(kong)(kong)氣相對濕度年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)為81%,7~8月份(fen)為84%,3~4月份(fen)低(di)于75%,酸性土地區的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣濕度大于鈣質土地區,如(ru)仙鶴坪大山的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣濕度較高。公(gong)園(yuan)區的(de)干燥度為1.27度至1.45度。
公園區較(jiao)少降(jiang)(jiang)雪,往(wang)往(wang)幾年(nian)一(yi)次,積(ji)雪厚度可達10~15cm,降(jiang)(jiang)雪時間為冬(dong)季,近年(nian)來(lai)降(jiang)(jiang)雪頻(pin)率有增高的(de)趨(qu)勢(shi)。公園內主要(yao)自(zi)然(ran)災害有:干旱、冰雹、暴雨洪澇、低(di)溫(wen)霜(shuang)凍、倒春寒、秋(qiu)寒、滑坡等。
公(gong)園區(qu)氣候中(zhong)仙鶴坪大山一帶多霧、多陰雨,喀斯特地區(qu)“冬無(wu)(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏無(wu)(wu)酷(ku)暑(shu),四季如春,一雨成冬“的(de)特點較(jiao)為突(tu)出,公(gong)園中(zhong)的(de)仙鶴坪林區(qu)是(shi)夏季避(bi)暑(shu)的(de)好(hao)去處。
公園信息
公園名稱: 仙(xian)鶴坪國家森(sen)林(lin)公園
所在省市: 貴州安龍縣
公園海拔(ba): 1000-3000米(mi)
公園面積(ji): 9065公頃
景 區(qu) 數: 4
景(jing) 點(dian) 數: 60