簡介
貴州(zhou)省仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)國家森(sen)林公(gong)園位于珠江上游(you)貴州(zhou)省黔西(xi)(xi)南(nan)州(zhou)安龍縣(xian)境內,地處(chu)云貴高(gao)原東南(nan)邊(bian)緣(yuan)的斜坡地帶,公(gong)園總規(gui)劃面積9065公(gong)頃,由(you)仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)景(jing)區(qu)、篤山景(jing)區(qu)、平樂景(jing)區(qu)和坡腳景(jing)區(qu)四個(ge)景(jing)區(qu)所組成。公(gong)園的自然地理(li)環境獨(du)特(te),喀(ka)斯特(te)地貌(mao)、森(sen)林、水文、生物(wu)、天(tian)象獨(du)具特(te)色,風(feng)土人情古樸深厚,氣候涼爽宜人,是黔西(xi)(xi)南(nan)和滇(dian)黔桂(gui)交界地區(qu)特(te)色鮮明的生態旅游(you)及避暑(shu)勝地。
興隆(long)鎮的(de)(de)仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)山(shan)(shan)一帶是(shi)黔(qian)西南州(zhou)常綠闊葉(xie)林(lin)保存最(zui)好(hao)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區,森(sen)林(lin)面積約666公頃,山(shan)(shan)體最(zui)低(di)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)為800多米(mi),最(zui)高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)為1756米(mi),垂直高差900多米(mi),山(shan)(shan)體上(shang)(shang)溝(gou)谷縱橫,有(you)(you)(you)九十九道(dao)溝(gou)之說,從低(di)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)到高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)森(sen)林(lin)植物區系組成在不斷的(de)(de)變化,低(di)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)帶有(you)(you)(you)棕櫚(lv)科的(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)焦,中(zhong)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)帶有(you)(you)(you)短梗四照花(hua)、宜昌潤楠、青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)、穗序鵝掌柴(chai)等,高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)(ba)地(di)(di)帶有(you)(you)(you)石果(guo)紅山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)、大(da)廠(chang)茶(cha)、美(mei)味(wei)獼猴(hou)桃、水(shui)青(qing)岡(gang)(gang)、狹葉(xie)方竹(zhu)(zhu)、皺葉(xie)玉(yu)山(shan)(shan)竹(zhu)(zhu)、木蓮、含笑、野草莓(mei)、馬尾(wei)樹等。仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)森(sen)林(lin)植被(bei)重(zhong)重(zhong)疊疊,四季有(you)(you)(you)花(hua)開,四季有(you)(you)(you)果(guo)熟(shu),是(shi)竹(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)人(ren)參的(de)(de)故鄉,是(shi)黃柏的(de)(de)野生(sheng)產地(di)(di),是(shi)多種野生(sheng)動物棲息(xi)的(de)(de)場所。仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)山(shan)(shan)林(lin)木種類(lei)豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)(you)1000多畝的(de)(de)石果(guo)紅山(shan)(shan)茶(cha)林(lin),有(you)(you)(you)4000多畝的(de)(de)方竹(zhu)(zhu)林(lin),林(lin)中(zhong)珍(zhen)稀植物種類(lei)極(ji)為豐(feng)富。仙(xian)鶴(he)坪大(da)山(shan)(shan)森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率在90%以上(shang)(shang),春來(lai)萬物復蘇,夏來(lai)百花(hua)爭妍,秋來(lai)碩果(guo)累累,冬來(lai)茶(cha)花(hua)紅遍(bian)。
北(bei)部區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)篤山(shan)鄉、錢相鄉主要森林(lin)(lin)為喀斯特(te)森林(lin)(lin),擁有(you)常綠(lv)(lv)闊葉(xie)(xie)林(lin)(lin)、常綠(lv)(lv)落葉(xie)(xie)闊葉(xie)(xie)混交林(lin)(lin),森林(lin)(lin)類型有(you)小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)枇杷林(lin)(lin)、篤山(shan)懸竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)、翠(cui)柏(bo)(bo)林(lin)(lin)、貴州山(shan)核(he)桃林(lin)(lin)、重(zhong)陽木(mu)林(lin)(lin)、櫟類林(lin)(lin)、青(qing)岡林(lin)(lin)等。篤山(shan)懸竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)分布于篤山(shan)鄉的(de)(de)(de)王院村一帶,波浪起伏,猶如無(wu)數條綠(lv)(lv)色巨龍在舞(wu),植被外貌景(jing)觀較(jiao)為獨特(te)。王院的(de)(de)(de)翠(cui)柏(bo)(bo)挺拔于山(shan)頂地(di)帶,熬霜斗雪,四季蔥綠(lv)(lv)。打凼(dang)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)陽木(mu)(水冬瓜)古樹(shu)(shu)群映(ying)襯于山(shan)水之間,將自然文化和(he)民族(zu)文化融合在一起,多株古木(mu)沿村中的(de)(de)(de)步(bu)道(dao)和(he)水邊生長,平均(jun)樹(shu)(shu)高17m,平均(jun)胸(xiong)圍280cm,平均(jun)冠(guan)(guan)幅20m,平均(jun)樹(shu)(shu)齡(ling)約400年(nian)。其中最大的(de)(de)(de)一株古重(zhong)陽木(mu)樹(shu)(shu)高18m,胸(xiong)圍377cm,冠(guan)(guan)幅東(dong)西長24m,南(nan)北(bei)寬26m,樹(shu)(shu)上長滿(man)了苔蘚、蕨(jue)類和(he)衛矛科藤本(ben)植物。篤山(shan)大石板的(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)枇杷,模式標本(ben)產(chan)地(di)鎮寧黃(huang)果樹(shu)(shu)已較(jiao)難(nan)見(jian)到,而篤山(shan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)每年(nian)都開花(hua)結實,繁衍正常。
仙鶴坪(ping)國(guo)家森林公(gong)(gong)園是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個喀斯(si)特(te)自然博物館(guan)及侵蝕地(di)(di)貌(mao)的(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)地(di)(di)帶,是(shi)兩種地(di)(di)貌(mao)的(de)(de)結合(he)體,兩種地(di)(di)貌(mao)均非常具有特(te)色。仙鶴坪(ping)公(gong)(gong)園內的(de)(de)峰(feng)林從興隆鎮的(de)(de)下扎村、冗華村到平樂鄉、篤山鄉、錢相鄉、新安鎮連(lian)成一(yi)(yi)片,登高(gao)而望(wang),一(yi)(yi)望(wang)無際,群峰(feng)如(ru)(ru)海,蔚為(wei)壯觀,風景如(ru)(ru)畫。濃(nong)郁的(de)(de)布依族風情迎接(jie)著各地(di)(di)的(de)(de)游客。
仙鶴坪的(de)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)資源豐富。據不完(wan)全統計,園區內(nei)的(de)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)類在2000種(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)(shang),有藻類植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、菌類植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、地(di)衣(yi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、苔蘚植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、蕨類植物(wu)(wu)(wu)和種(zhong)子植物(wu)(wu)(wu)等。木(mu)本(ben)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)約800余種(zhong),其(qi)中喬木(mu)有450種(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。
公園地理
公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的地理坐標(biao)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)緯24°55′00″~25°20′25″,東(dong)經(jing)105°23′11″~105°40′00″。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的東(dong)部(bu)以安(an)(an)(an)龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)冊亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)界(jie)(jie),南部(bu)以安(an)(an)(an)龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)冊亨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)的縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)及(ji)南盤江為(wei)(wei)界(jie)(jie),西部(bu)接安(an)(an)(an)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)德臥鎮(zhen)、木(mu)咱鎮(zhen)、324國道(dao)坡腳(jiao)至安(an)(an)(an)龍(long)(long)(long)段、新(xin)安(an)(an)(an)鎮(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)(箐山(shan)(shan)村、銅鼓井村除外)、錢(qian)(qian)相鄉(xiang)(xiang)鄉(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)(打凼村除外),北(bei)部(bu)接龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)鄉(xiang)(xiang)界(jie)(jie)級貞豐(feng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)界(jie)(jie)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)9065公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),含坡腳(jiao)景(jing)區、仙鶴坪景(jing)區、平樂景(jing)區和(he)篤山(shan)(shan)景(jing)區,四個景(jing)區連(lian)成一片。公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)行政(zheng)區域涉(she)及(ji)安(an)(an)(an)龍(long)(long)(long)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)興隆鎮(zhen)、平樂鄉(xiang)(xiang)、篤山(shan)(shan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、坡腳(jiao)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、錢(qian)(qian)相鄉(xiang)(xiang)和(he)新(xin)安(an)(an)(an)鎮(zhen)。 公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內森林(lin)(lin)覆蓋率(lv) 70% 原始(shi)林(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 570.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)次生林(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 5775公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing) 人工林(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 33公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內林(lin)(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 6345.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing) 國有(you)林(lin)(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 47公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)集(ji)體林(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 6028.23公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing) 其它(ta)林(lin)(lin)地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji) 270.27公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)
公(gong)園氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)屬中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)季風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)15℃~19.3℃,最(zui)(zui)熱月(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)22.3℃~26℃,最(zui)(zui)冷月(yue)(yue)均溫(wen)6.4℃~10.1℃,常(chang)年(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)35℃~39℃,常(chang)年(nian)(nian)最(zui)(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-1℃~-7℃,極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)高溫(wen)41℃,極(ji)端最(zui)(zui)低溫(wen)-12℃。年(nian)(nian)日照(zhao)時數1359~1607.4小(xiao)時,光能輻射(she)量98.85千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi)~106.53千卡(ka)/平(ping)(ping)方厘米(mi),日照(zhao)百分(fen)率31%~36%。年(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)5694℃~7044.5℃,≥0℃的(de)有(you)348~365天(tian);≥10℃有(you)247~297天(tian),積溫(wen)4639.2℃~6281.9℃;≥20℃的(de)有(you)88~146天(tian),積溫(wen)1888.4℃~3592.3℃;無霜期277~320天(tian)。
公園區(qu)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)1126.9mm~1289.8mm,降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)配不均,5~8月(yue)份(fen)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)777.9~809.9mm,占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)65.27%~71%。夏半(ban)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的83.2~83.3%,冬(dong)半(ban)年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)全年(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)16.7%~16.8%。一年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)冬(dong)季(ji)最(zui)少(shao),占(zhan)(zhan)5%,春(chun)季(ji)較(jiao)少(shao),占(zhan)(zhan)23.4%,夏季(ji)最(zui)多,占(zhan)(zhan)51.8%,秋季(ji)比春(chun)季(ji)為少(shao),占(zhan)(zhan)19.6%。空(kong)氣相對濕度(du)(du)年(nian)(nian)均為81%,7~8月(yue)份(fen)為84%,3~4月(yue)份(fen)低于(yu)75%,酸性土(tu)地區(qu)的空(kong)氣濕度(du)(du)大(da)于(yu)鈣質土(tu)地區(qu),如仙鶴坪大(da)山的空(kong)氣濕度(du)(du)較(jiao)高。公園區(qu)的干燥度(du)(du)為1.27度(du)(du)至1.45度(du)(du)。
公(gong)園區較少降(jiang)雪,往往幾年一次(ci),積雪厚度(du)可達10~15cm,降(jiang)雪時間為冬季,近年來降(jiang)雪頻率有(you)(you)增(zeng)高的趨勢。公(gong)園內主要自然災害有(you)(you):干旱、冰雹、暴雨洪澇、低溫霜凍、倒春寒、秋(qiu)寒、滑坡(po)等。
公園區(qu)氣候中仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)大山(shan)一帶多(duo)(duo)霧、多(duo)(duo)陰(yin)雨,喀(ka)斯(si)特(te)地區(qu)“冬無(wu)嚴寒(han),夏無(wu)酷暑,四季(ji)如春,一雨成(cheng)冬“的特(te)點較為(wei)突出,公園中的仙(xian)鶴坪(ping)林區(qu)是(shi)夏季(ji)避(bi)暑的好去(qu)處。
公園信息
公(gong)園名(ming)稱: 仙鶴坪國家(jia)森林公(gong)園
所在(zai)省(sheng)市: 貴州安(an)龍縣
公園海拔(ba): 1000-3000米
公園面積(ji): 9065公頃
景 區 數: 4
景 點 數: 60