越(yue)(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)相傳(chuan)是(shi)(shi)春(chun)秋(qiu)戰國時期一位(wei)越(yue)(yue)國南林(是(shi)(shi)指古歙(she)縣(xian)的南鄉(xiang)地區,主峰擱船尖,這(zhe)里(li)一直有傳(chuan)說(shuo)36把越(yue)(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),又稱36把徽劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),這(zhe)也是(shi)(shi)太極劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的發祥,有歷史記(ji)載,太極拳的發祥是(shi)(shi)唐朝歙(she)縣(xian)許(xu)宣(xuan)平(ping)創立的37式,許(xu)大真人也是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)承(cheng)了(le)越(yue)(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)的)叫做青青的姑娘從白(bai)猿身(shen)上領悟的一套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa),越(yue)(yue)王(wang)勾踐臥薪嘗膽要滅掉吳國,為(wei)了(le)訓練士兵,就(jiu)在(zai)民間廣征高(gao)手。有個女(nv)子來(lai)到軍中(zhong),傳(chuan)了(le)士兵一套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa),傳(chuan)了(le)以后,卻不肯留下姓名(ming)。后來(lai)人們就(jiu)以越(yue)(yue)女(nv)劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)來(lai)稱呼這(zhe)套劍(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)法(fa)。
關于(yu)(yu)越女劍(jian)的(de)傳說悠遠,散(san)見于(yu)(yu)正(zheng)史和(he)野編(bian),最早、最詳(xiang)盡的(de)記載是東漢趙曄(ye)的(de)《吳越春秋》,在后來的(de)《藝(yi)文類聚》及(ji)《劍(jian)俠傳》中(zhong)亦有記載,小說《東周列國志(zhi)演義》中(zhong)也有。
《吳越(yue)春秋》中有這樣的記載:
“其時越(yue)王又問(wen)相國(guo)范蠡(li)曰(yue):‘孤有報復之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀(mou)(mou),水(shui)戰則(ze)乘舟,陸行則(ze)乘輿。輿舟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)利,頓于兵弩。今子為(wei)寡人謀(mou)(mou)事(shi),莫不謬者乎?’范蠡(li)對曰(yue):‘臣聞(wen)古(gu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)圣人,莫不習戰用兵。然行陣、隊伍(wu)、軍鼓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi),吉兇決在其工。今聞(wen)越(yue)有處女,出于南(nan)林,國(guo)人稱善。愿王請之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),立可見(jian)。’越(yue)王乃使使聘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),問(wen)以劍戟之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)術。
“處女(nv)(nv)將北(bei)見(jian)于(yu)王(wang),道逢一(yi)翁,自稱曰‘袁公(gong)’,問于(yu)處女(nv)(nv)曰:吾(wu)聞子善劍,愿一(yi)見(jian)之(zhi)。’女(nv)(nv)曰:‘妾不敢(gan)多所隱,惟公(gong)試(shi)之(zhi)。’于(yu)是(shi)袁公(gong)即(ji)杖箖箊(竹(zhu)名)竹(zhu),竹(zhu)枝上(shang)頡橋(向(xiang)上(shang)勁挑),未墮(duo)地(‘未’應作(zuo)‘末(mo)’,竹(zhu)梢(shao)折而跌落),女(nv)(nv)即(ji)捷末(mo)(‘捷’應作(zuo)‘接’,接住竹(zhu)梢(shao))。袁公(gong)則飛上(shang)樹,變為(wei)白猿,遂別去(qu)。
“見越王(wang)(wang)(wang)。越王(wang)(wang)(wang)問(wen)曰(yue)(yue):‘夫劍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)如之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)何?’女(nv)曰(yue)(yue):‘妾(qie)生深林之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中,長(chang)于(yu)無人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)野(ye),無道(dao)不習(xi),不達諸(zhu)侯,竊(qie)好(hao)(hao)擊劍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),誦之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不休。妾(qie)非(fei)受于(yu)人(ren)(ren)也,而忽自有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。’越王(wang)(wang)(wang)曰(yue)(yue):‘其(qi)(qi)道(dao)如何?’女(nv)曰(yue)(yue):‘其(qi)(qi)道(dao)甚微(wei)而易,其(qi)(qi)意甚幽而深。道(dao)有(you)門戶(hu),亦有(you)陰陽(yang)。開門閉戶(hu),陰衰陽(yang)興,凡手戰(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao),內實精神,外示(shi)安(an)儀。見之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)似(si)好(hao)(hao)婦,奪之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)似(si)懼虎(hu)(看上去好(hao)(hao)像溫柔的(de)女(nv)子,一受攻擊,立刻(ke)便(bian)如受到威(wei)脅的(de)猛虎(hu)那樣,作出(chu)迅速強烈的(de)反應(ying)(ying))。布形候氣,與神俱往(wang)。杳(yao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)若日,偏如騰兔,追形逐影,光若仿佛,呼吸往(wang)來,不及(ji)法(fa)禁,縱橫逆順,直復不聞。斯道(dao)者,一人(ren)(ren)當百,百人(ren)(ren)當萬(wan)。王(wang)(wang)(wang)欲試之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)驗即見。’越王(wang)(wang)(wang)即加(jia)女(nv)號,號曰(yue)(yue)‘越女(nv)’。乃命五板之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)墮(‘墮’應(ying)(ying)作‘隊’)高(gao)(gao)(‘高(gao)(gao)’是人(ren)(ren)名,高(gao)(gao)隊長(chang))習(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)教軍士,當世莫勝越女(nv)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劍。”
《劍俠傳》則說:“袁公(gong)(gong)即挽林杪之竹似桔(jie)槔,末(mo)折地(di),女接其末(mo)。公(gong)(gong)操其本而(er)刺女。女因舉(ju)杖擊之,公(gong)(gong)即上樹,化為白猿。”
“桔槔”是(shi)井上汲水(shui)的(de)滑車,當是(shi)從《吳越春秋》中“頡(jie)橋(qiao)”兩字化出來的(de),形容袁公使動(dong)竹(zhu)枝(zhi)時的(de)靈動(dong)。
當代(dai)著(zhu)名作家金庸(yong)曾據此編寫成(cheng)短篇(pian)小(xiao)(xiao)說(shuo)《越女劍》,成(cheng)為(wei)“飛雪連天射白鹿,笑書(shu)神俠(xia)倚(yi)碧(bi)鴛(yuan)”外(wai)的第十五(wu)部武俠(xia)小(xiao)(xiao)說(shuo)。
在《越女(nv)劍(jian)》中,《卅三(san)劍(jian)客圖》中的“趙處女(nv)”化名阿青,她以竹枝(zhi)為(wei)劍(jian),斗敗白猿(yuan)。從而引發了一段吳越爭霸中的傳奇插曲(qu)。
《吳越春秋》記載:
越王曰:‘其(qi)道如(ru)何?’女(nv)曰:‘其(qi)道甚微而易(yi),其(qi)意甚幽而深。道有(you)門戶,亦有(you)陰陽。開(kai)門閉戶,陰衰(shuai)陽興。凡手戰之(zhi)道,內實精(jing)神,外示(shi)安儀。見之(zhi)似好婦,奪之(zhi)似懼虎(看上去(qu)好像溫柔(rou)的(de)女(nv)子(zi),一受攻擊,立刻便(bian)如(ru)受到威脅的(de)猛虎那樣(yang),作(zuo)出(chu)迅速強(qiang)烈的(de)反應(ying))。布形(xing)候氣,與神俱往。杳之(zhi)若日,偏如(ru)騰兔,追形(xing)逐影,光若仿佛,呼吸(xi)往來,不及(ji)法禁,縱橫逆順,直復(fu)不聞(wen)。斯道者(zhe),一人當百,百人當萬。'