在世界眾多(duo)怪雨(yu)中(zhong),要(yao)數魚雨(yu)為(wei)數最多(duo)。魚雨(yu)在英(ying)國(guo)、美國(guo)和澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞屢見不(bu)鮮(xian),尤其是澳(ao)大(da)利(li)亞,魚雨(yu)經常出現(xian),以至報紙(zhi)已不(bu)愿再刊登這類(lei)令(ling)人乏味的消息。
魚(yu)雨一(yi)直發生在(zai)(zai)(zai)拉丁美洲,成為很(hen)多國家的(de)(de)民間傳(chuan)說。據說在(zai)(zai)(zai)魚(yu)雨到來(lai)之前,天(tian)上烏云滾(gun)(gun)滾(gun)(gun),大風(feng)(feng)呼(hu)嘯(xiao),強風(feng)(feng)暴雨大約持續2到3小時(shi)之后,數(shu)百(bai)條活魚(yu)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地面上。人們把這(zhe)些地上的(de)(de)新(xin)鮮活魚(yu)拿回(hui)家烹飪,看似(si)多可(ke)(ke)笑的(de)(de)事情啊(a),可(ke)(ke)是它卻真實(shi)存在(zai)(zai)(zai)著。自從(cong)1998年的(de)(de)一(yi)場魚(yu)雨后,洪都拉斯國家的(de)(de)Yoro城市在(zai)(zai)(zai)每年都會過這(zhe)個“魚(yu)雨”節(jie)。
從加利福尼亞(ya)到英(ying)國再到印(yin)度,也不斷(duan)有關(guan)多魚形(xing)(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)降雨(yu)的(de)(de)報道(dao):一些小動(dong)物,例如魚、青蛙和(he)蛇偶(ou)爾(er)會出(chu)人意料地(di)從空中(zhong)落下,有時(shi)候(hou)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)離水域數(shu)英(ying)里遠的(de)(de)地(di)方。這是(shi)因為(wei)在(zai)(zai)湖泊或海(hai)洋(yang)上方急速(su)旋轉的(de)(de)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)可能會把(ba)水以及水里的(de)(de)一切東(dong)西帶進云(yun)層中(zhong),然后通(tong)過強(qiang)風(feng)攜帶、可能遠途“旅行”降落到其(qi)(qi)(qi)他地(di)方,形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)規模不等、形(xing)(xing)式(shi)各異(yi)的(de)(de)“雨(yu)”。龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)風(feng)根(gen)據它發生在(zai)(zai)陸(lu)地(di)還是(shi)海(hai)上,可分為(wei)陸(lu)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)和(he)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan),海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)直徑一般(ban)比陸(lu)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)略小,其(qi)(qi)(qi)強(qiang)度較(jiao)大(da),維持時(shi)間較(jiao)長,在(zai)(zai)海(hai)上往往是(shi)集群(qun)出(chu)現。在(zai)(zai)大(da)洋(yang)上易發生臺風(feng)或颶(ju)風(feng)的(de)(de)海(hai)區,也容易發生海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan),值得注意的(de)(de)是(shi)當出(chu)現厄爾(er)尼諾現象時(shi),海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)發生的(de)(de)次數(shu)就會增(zeng)多,顯而易見,厄爾(er)尼諾現象的(de)(de)出(chu)現,反(fan)映著太平洋(yang)東(dong)部(bu)赤道(dao)海(hai)區附近及其(qi)(qi)(qi)以南海(hai)域的(de)(de)大(da)規模增(zeng)溫(wen)現象。
從海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)群(qun)發(fa)生成(cheng)長的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng),可以(yi)(yi)把(ba)其(qi)分(fen)成(cheng)多個成(cheng)長階段。在海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)群(qun)中最成(cheng)熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)推“母(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)”,依(yi)次(ci)是(shi)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)族(zu)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)漏(lou)斗(dou)、吸(xi)管(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),構成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)個完整的(de)(de)(de)家族(zu)。其(qi)相互關系是(shi):母(mu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)由(you)多個龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)范圍(wei)(wei)在10-20公里,其(qi)威力(li)屬海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)之(zhi)首(shou);龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)由(you)各個龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)組成(cheng),作用(yong)尺(chi)度在3-10公里;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)也(ye)(ye)稱小(xiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),是(shi)由(you)多個龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)漏(lou)斗(dou)組成(cheng),作用(yong)在1-3公里范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei);龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)漏(lou)斗(dou)也(ye)(ye)是(shi)通(tong)常所見的(de)(de)(de)漏(lou)斗(dou)云,它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度約為300米(mi)(mi),一(yi)(yi)根漏(lou)斗(dou)云里,有兩個甚(shen)至三(san)個以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)吸(xi)管(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan),所以(yi)(yi)也(ye)(ye)稱母(mu)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan);吸(xi)管(guan)渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)是(shi)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)群(qun)中最年輕的(de)(de)(de),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)度一(yi)(yi)般不超過30米(mi)(mi),但其(qi)破壞(huai)力(li)卻是(shi)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de),有時比(bi)臺(tai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)威力(li)還大(da),主要(yao)是(shi)它(ta)那渦(wo)(wo)(wo)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)軸(zhou)范圍(wei)(wei)小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓梯度特別大(da),壓力(li)差(cha)可達20百帕以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),為臺(tai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)內(nei)部(bu)平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓差(cha)的(de)(de)(de)幾百倍甚(shen)至上(shang)(shang)(shang)千倍,因(yin)此其(qi)內(nei)部(bu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)速(su)極大(da),多在每秒100米(mi)(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),要(yao)比(bi)臺(tai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)幾倍,所經之(zhi)處(chu)常能造成(cheng)極嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)災害,海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)能把(ba)海(hai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)船只和水以(yi)(yi)及水里的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)切東西帶進云層(ceng)中,這(zhe)些暴風(feng)(feng)(feng)云中的(de)(de)(de)強風(feng)(feng)(feng)則攜(xie)帶著卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)進來的(de)(de)(de)東西長途穿行,然(ran)后一(yi)(yi)股腦兒的(de)(de)(de)將它(ta)們傾倒(dao)在毫無(wu)準備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)或建(jian)筑物之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。魚從天而(er)降(jiang),這(zhe)就是(shi)海(hai)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)卷(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)(juan)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),即(ji)是(shi)“魚雨(yu)”形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)。
除(chu)了(le)魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)外,據有關資料記載,1881年(nian)(nian)英(ying)國伍斯特城下(xia)(xia)過一場螃蟹雨(yu)(yu)和蝸牛雨(yu)(yu)。1979年(nian)(nian)在(zai)維多利(li)亞城附近的(de)卡里希(xi)地區(qu),下(xia)(xia)過蝦雨(yu)(yu)和淡水魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)。19世紀初,在(zai)丹麥下(xia)(xia)的(de)一場蝦雨(yu)(yu),足足有20分鐘(zhong)時間,1933年(nian)(nian),前蘇(su)聯遠(yuan)東科瓦利(li)托(tuo)活(huo)下(xia)(xia)了(le)一場罕見的(de)海蜇雨(yu)(yu)。
據(ju)澳大利(li)亞(ya)媒體2010年3月2日報道(dao),天(tian)(tian)上下(xia)雨(yu)不是(shi)新聞(wen)(wen),但(dan)天(tian)(tian)上“下(xia)魚”大概是(shi)許多(duo)人聞(wen)(wen)所未聞(wen)(wen)的(de)奇(qi)聞(wen)(wen)。澳大利(li)亞(ya)北部地區(qu)的(de)拉加(jia)馬(ma)奴鎮(zhen)日前竟連續下(xia)了(le)2天(tian)(tian)“魚雨(yu)”,成(cheng)千上萬(wan)條(tiao)小(xiao)魚竟從天(tian)(tian)而(er)降(jiang),而(er)這(zhe)些(xie)魚落到(dao)地面時居然仍是(shi)活著的(de)!專(zhuan)家推(tui)測(ce),這(zhe)些(xie)小(xiao)魚很可能(neng)是(shi)在一場龍卷風(feng)中(zhong)(zhong),隨(sui)著河水一起被狂風(feng)卷入到(dao)數(shu)萬(wan)英尺空中(zhong)(zhong),繼而(er)隨(sui)風(feng)在空中(zhong)(zhong)“飛(fei)行(xing)”了(le)數(shu)百公里,最終在拉加(jia)馬(ma)奴鎮(zhen)上空落下(xia),從而(er)形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)天(tian)(tian)降(jiang)“魚雨(yu)”的(de)奇(qi)觀。
魚(yu)雨在(zai)(zai)拉丁美洲,成為很多(duo)國家(jia)的(de)民間傳說(shuo)。據說(shuo)在(zai)(zai)魚(yu)雨到來之前,天(tian)上烏云(yun)滾(gun)滾(gun),大風呼嘯,強風暴雨大約持續2到3小時之后,數百條活魚(yu)在(zai)(zai)地面上。人(ren)們把這些地上的(de)新鮮活魚(yu)拿(na)回家(jia)烹飪,看似多(duo)可(ke)笑的(de)事情啊,可(ke)是它卻真實(shi)存在(zai)(zai)著。自(zi)從(cong)1998年(nian)(nian)的(de)一(yi)場(chang)魚(yu)雨后,洪都拉斯國家(jia)的(de)Yoro城市在(zai)(zai)每年(nian)(nian)都會過(guo)這個“魚(yu)雨”節。
瀕(bin)臨加勒比海的洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)(si)(si)人很(hen)喜歡吃(chi)魚(yu)。有(you)趣的是(shi)(shi)在(zai)每年(nian)(nian)的5月(yue)至7月(yue)間,洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)(si)(si)的一些(xie)地區都(dou)(dou)(dou)會下魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。這種現象已(yi)經有(you)些(xie)年(nian)(nian)頭(tou)了(le),如(ru)今更被寫(xie)進許(xu)多民俗故事中。記(ji)者沒有(you)親眼見過天(tian)(tian)上掉魚(yu)的奇觀。據(ju)說魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)來臨之前(qian),天(tian)(tian)上烏云滾滾,大風呼嘯,強風暴(bao)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)大約持續(xu)兩三個小時(shi)(shi)之后,數百條活(huo)魚(yu),便落在(zai)地上。從1989年(nian)(nian)開(kai)始,洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)(si)(si)人每年(nian)(nian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)慶祝(zhu)魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)節。2006年(nian)(nian),洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)(si)(si)電視臺曾報道過魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)出(chu)現過兩次。記(ji)者曾打聽過魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的成因,不過得到(dao)的回答都(dou)(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)“民間傳(chuan)說”版(ban):1856年(nian)(nian),一個叫(jiao)蘇比讓(rang)拿的西班(ban)牙神(shen)父來到(dao)洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)(si)(si)。為了(le)幫助窮人,他(ta)連續(xu)三天(tian)(tian)祈禱,請神(shen)賜予食物。自那時(shi)(shi)起(qi)就開(kai)始下魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)了(le)。其(qi)實魚(yu)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)世界其(qi)它地方也出(chu)現過,大多時(shi)(shi)候和龍卷風等天(tian)(tian)氣現象有(you)關(guan)。不過像(xiang)洪(hong)都(dou)(dou)(dou)拉(la)斯(si)(si)(si)這樣(yang)集中,還真(zhen)是(shi)(shi)罕見。
1949年8月,在(zai)新西蘭沿岸地區下了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu),成千上(shang)萬(wan)尾魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)撒滿一(yi)(yi)(yi)地,有鱈(xue)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、銀(yin)(yin)槍魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、黑魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)等等,無奇不有。雨(yu)過天(tian)晴,人們紛(fen)紛(fen)拾(shi)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),大(da)飽了(le)(le)口(kou)(kou)福。1949年10月23日(ri)上(shang)午,美國(guo)路(lu)易斯(si)安那州馬克斯(si)維下了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu),生物學(xue)家巴(ba)伊(yi)科夫親自收集了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)大(da)瓶制作標本(ben)。美國(guo)圣迭戈下了(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu),有沙丁魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)和鱈(xue)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),居(ju)民(min)十分驚奇。1974年2月,澳大(da)利亞的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)村(cun)子里,降下了(le)(le)150多條(tiao)河鱸似的(de)銀(yin)(yin)漢(han)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。1975年,英國(guo)電臺記(ji)者羅(luo)納·薩班(ban)斯(si)爾(er)講述了(le)(le)他(ta)親身經歷的(de)那次(ci)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)雨(yu)趣事:那是(shi)第(di)二次(ci)世界(jie)大(da)戰期間(jian),羅(luo)納在(zai)駐緬甸(dian)的(de)英軍(jun)中服(fu)役,部(bu)隊來(lai)到(dao)緬甸(dian)巴(ba)基(ji)斯(si)坦相連的(de)庫(ku)米拉城。這(zhe)里淡水(shui)奇缺,每人每天(tian)只能喝上(shang)幾口(kou)(kou)水(shui)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian),天(tian)上(shang)烏云(yun)滾滾,大(da)風呼嘯,眼見(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)場暴(bao)雨(yu)即將來(lai)臨。羅(luo)納立刻脫去衣服(fu),身上(shang)涂上(shang)肥皂(zao),站在(zai)空地上(shang)想痛快地洗個(ge)(ge)澡。雨(yu)下來(lai)了(le)(le),可那不是(shi)雨(yu)水(shui),而(er)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)條(tiao)沙丁魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),打(da)得(de)他(ta)身上(shang)很痛很痛,不一(yi)(yi)(yi)會羅(luo)納已被埋在(zai)幾萬(wan)條(tiao)沙丁魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)堆(dui)中,他(ta)掙扎了(le)(le)很久(jiu),才從魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)堆(dui)中爬(pa)出逃回房間(jian)。