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壽(shou)比南(nan)(nan)山(shan)是一(yi)個漢語成語，讀(du)音(yin)shòu bǐ nán shān，意思是祝人(ren)長壽(shou)時(shi)的習慣用語，意為壽(shou)命(ming)像終(zhong)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)一(yi)樣長久，用于(yu)對(dui)老年人(ren)的祝頌(song)。出自《詩經(jing)·小雅·天保》：“如(ru)(ru)月(yue)之(zhi)恒，如(ru)(ru)日之(zhi)升(sheng)，如(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)之(zhi)壽(shou)，不(bu)(bu)騫不(bu)(bu)崩。如(ru)(ru)松柏之(zhi)茂，無不(bu)(bu)爾或承。”詩中的南(nan)(nan)山(shan)即指(zhi)陜西終(zhong)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)。

解釋

壽比南山還高。

出處

《詩經(jing)·小雅·天保(bao)》：“如月之恒，如日之升(sheng)，如南山之壽。”

《詩經(jing)》是先秦文學作品，產生于周(zhou)代，“雅”是“正樂”，即周(zhou)都城樂，或都城附近的(de)樂，“雅”是相對于“風”（地方樂）而言(yan)的(de)，周(zhou)都為豐鎬二(er)都（皆在(zai)今(jin)西安(an)市），《詩經(jing)》南山(shan)(shan)特(te)指西安(an)市以南的(de)終(zhong)南山(shan)(shan)。“蓬萊(lai)宮闕(que)對南山(shan)(shan)，承露(lu)金莖霄漢間。”先秦至隋唐大量歷史事件(jian)和文人推崇(chong)，更使京(jing)城南山(shan)(shan)聲聞宇內。

祝頌詞“壽(shou)比南山”在我國可謂是(shi)家喻戶曉，婦孺皆知，其中“南山”特指(zhi)周(zhou)都豐鎬以南之南山。

《詩經》是(shi)先秦文學(xue)作品，《詩經·小雅(ya)·天保》產生于西周(zhou)，“雅(ya)”是(shi)“正(zheng)樂”，即周(zhou)都(dou)城樂，或都(dou)城附(fu)近的(de)樂，“雅(ya)”是(shi)相對于“風”（地方樂）而言的(de)，周(zhou)都(dou)為豐鎬二都(dou)（皆在今西安市），《詩經》南(nan)(nan)山特指周(zhou)都(dou)豐鎬之南(nan)(nan)，即今西安市以(yi)南(nan)(nan)的(de)終(zhong)南(nan)(nan)山（俗稱“南(nan)(nan)山”）。

《詩(shi)經·小雅·天保》：“如(ru)(ru)(ru)月(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)恒(heng)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)日之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)升。如(ru)(ru)(ru)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壽，不(bu)騫(qian)不(bu)崩(beng)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)松柏之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茂，無(wu)不(bu)爾或(huo)承。”其大意是：猶如(ru)(ru)(ru)上弦的(de)月(yue)，好比(bi)(bi)初(chu)升的(de)日。恰似南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壽，不(bu)會崩(beng)坍陷落。猶如(ru)(ru)(ru)松柏枝葉，長青不(bu)衰。由(you)此(ci)可見，“壽比(bi)(bi)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”指(zhi)的(de)當(dang)是西安城南(nan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)終南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，亦稱“周南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”“中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”或(huo)“太乙(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，《詩(shi)·秦風·終南(nan)》“終南(nan)何有”毛傳(chuan)：“終南(nan)，周之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)也(ye)。”《左(zuo)傳(chuan)·昭公四年》：“三涂、陽城、太室、荊山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)，九(jiu)州之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險也(ye)。”中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)，杜(du)預注：“在始平武功縣南(nan)。”《初(chu)學記》卷五引《五經要義》：“終南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，長安南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。一(yi)(yi)名太一(yi)(yi)。潘岳《關中(zhong)(zhong)記》云：其山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一(yi)(yi)名中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)，言在天之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，居都之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)，故(gu)曰中(zhong)(zhong)南(nan)。”其素有“天下第一(yi)(yi)福地(di)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱。詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，特指(zhi)終南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。此(ci)詩(shi)后來演(yan)化了(le)“壽比(bi)(bi)南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”成語，詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)松柏，也(ye)演(yan)化成了(le)“南(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)老松”。