任人唯賢(xian)(rèn rén wéi xián)是一(yi)個成語,最早出自于戰國《尚(shang)書·咸有(you)一(yi)德》。
任人唯賢指(zhi)任用官員只以(yi)德才優秀作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)標(biao)準(zhun),含褒義;在句中一般(ban)作(zuo)(zuo)謂(wei)語、定語、賓語、分句。
戰國《尚書·咸有一德》:“任官惟賢才,左(zuo)右惟其人。”
后世(shi)據(ju)此典(dian)故引申(shen)出成語“任人唯賢”。
春秋時期,齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君襄公(gong)殘(can)暴荒唐(tang),連他(ta)的(de)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)兄弟都逃到(dao)(dao)別(bie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)去了(le)。這兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)兄弟是兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)(ge)母(mu)親生的(de)。一個(ge)(ge)叫公(gong)子(zi)糾,逃到(dao)(dao)了(le)魯國(guo)(guo)(guo)。一個(ge)(ge)叫公(gong)子(zi)小白,逃到(dao)(dao)了(le)莒(ju)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。公(gong)子(zi)糾的(de)師傅是管仲,公(gong)子(zi)小白的(de)師傅是鮑叔牙。
后來,齊(qi)(qi)襄公(gong)(gong)被人殺死了(le)。第二(er)年春天,齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的大臣(chen)派(pai)使者迎接公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾回(hui)去(qu)做國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君。魯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君魯莊公(gong)(gong)親(qin)自派(pai)兵(bing)護(hu)(hu)送(song)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾的師(shi)傅管(guan)仲(zhong)怕逃(tao)亡在莒國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)因為離齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近搶先(xian)回(hui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)奪到君位,所以經(jing)莊公(gong)(gong)同意,先(xian)帶領(ling)一支人馬去(qu)攔住公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)。走到即墨,聽人說(shuo)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)已經(jing)跑在頭里(li)了(le)。管(guan)仲(zhong)使勁地追(zhui),追(zhui)了(le)三十多(duo)里(li)路才追(zhui)上(shang)。管(guan)仲(zhong)瞧見公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)坐在車里(li),也不多(duo)說(shuo),偷(tou)偷(tou)地拿起弓(gong)箭,對準了(le)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai),“嗖”的一箭射過去(qu)。公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)小白(bai)大叫一聲,口吐鮮血,倒(dao)在車子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)里(li)。管(guan)仲(zhong)一看(kan),以為小白(bai)死了(le),他想公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾的君位必(bi)定(ding)穩坐了(le),便不慌(huang)不忙(mang)地回(hui)魯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)護(hu)(hu)送(song)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)糾到齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)去(qu)。
誰知道公子(zi)小白并(bing)沒有(you)死(si),只(zhi)是(shi)咬破舌頭,弄得滿口鮮血裝死(si)罷了(le)(le)。鮑叔牙(ya)護(hu)著小白抄小道趕(gan)到都城臨(lin)淄。鮑叔牙(ya)硬(ying)是(shi)說服了(le)(le)大(da)臣們(men),立(li)公子(zi)小白為國君(jun),也就是(shi)齊桓公。
不(bu)久(jiu),魯(lu)國(guo)的兵馬送公(gong)子糾(jiu)回(hui)(hui)到了齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)地界(jie)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的鮑叔牙立即請齊(qi)(qi)(qi)桓公(gong)發(fa)(fa)兵抵抗,于(yu)是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)魯(lu)之間發(fa)(fa)生戰(zhan)爭。魯(lu)軍大敗,只得(de)答應齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的條件,將(jiang)公(gong)子糾(jiu)逼死,又把管(guan)(guan)仲抓(zhua)起來。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)的使者表示,管(guan)(guan)仲射過他們的國(guo)君,國(guo)君要報一箭(jian)之仇,非(fei)親手(shou)殺了他不(bu)可,所(suo)以(yi)一定要將(jiang)他押(ya)到齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)去。魯(lu)莊公(gong)只好(hao)把管(guan)(guan)仲裝(zhuang)上囚車,押(ya)回(hui)(hui)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)。
管仲(zhong)被捆綁著,從魯國押(ya)往齊(qi)國。一路上,他(ta)又饑又渴(ke),吃了許多苦頭。來到綺烏這個地(di)方(fang)時,他(ta)去(qu)見那(nei)(nei)里守(shou)衛邊(bian)界的官員,請求給(gei)點飯(fan)吃。不料,那(nei)(nei)守(shou)邊(bian)界的官員竟跪在地(di)上,端(duan)飯(fan)給(gei)管仲(zhong)吃,神情(qing)十分恭敬(jing)。等管仲(zhong)吃好飯(fan),他(ta)私下間道:“如果您到齊(qi)國后,僥幸沒(mei)有被殺而得(de)(de)到任用(yong),您將怎樣報(bao)(bao)答(da)我(wo)(wo)?”管仲(zhong)回(hui)答(da)道:“要是照你所說的那(nei)(nei)樣,我(wo)(wo)得(de)(de)到任用(yong),我(wo)(wo)將要任用(yong)賢人,使用(yong)能人,評賞有功的人,我(wo)(wo)能拿什(shen)么報(bao)(bao)答(da)您呢?”
等(deng)到管(guan)(guan)仲一(yi)回到齊(qi)國(guo)(guo),鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)(ya)就親自到城外迎接(jie)。接(jie)著(zhu),鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)(ya)大力(li)(li)把管(guan)(guan)仲保舉給齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)。齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)說:“他拿箭射(she)我,要我的(de)命,你還叫我用他嗎?”鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)(ya)說:“那會兒他是公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾的(de)師傅,管(guan)(guan)仲自然冒死幫著(zhu)公(gong)(gong)子(zi)糾了(le)。管(guan)(guan)仲的(de)本(ben)領(ling)比我強十(shi)倍。主公(gong)(gong)要是用他,他準能(neng)給您立(li)大功。”齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)聽(ting)了(le)鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)(ya)的(de)話,立(li)即拜管(guan)(guan)仲為相(xiang)國(guo)(guo)。鮑(bao)叔(shu)牙(ya)(ya)反(fan)倒做了(le)管(guan)(guan)仲的(de)副(fu)手。管(guan)(guan)仲當相(xiang)國(guo)(guo)以后,發揮(hui)他的(de)政治才(cai)能(neng),大力(li)(li)實行改(gai)革,使齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)力(li)(li)迅(xun)速增(zeng)強。七年后,齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)就稱霸(ba)四方,不久,齊(qi)桓公(gong)(gong)就成了(le)春秋第一(yi)霸(ba)。
無論是創業(ye)(ye)還是守業(ye)(ye),都離不開人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)。雖說(shuo)匯聚人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)需要(yao)海納百川的(de)(de)(de)精神,但水多容(rong)易泛濫,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)競爭(zheng)過于激烈,容(rong)易出現(xian)魚目(mu)混珠、良莠不齊的(de)(de)(de)情況。因此,執政(zheng)者(zhe)必須善(shan)于發現(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai),舉薦人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai),團結(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai),才(cai)(cai)能(neng)推動事業(ye)(ye)不斷向前發展(zhan)。而(er)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)原則,那就是任人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)唯賢(xian)。要(yao)求執政(zheng)者(zhe)在選拔人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)時,不要(yao)考慮人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)身份、背景(jing)以及與自己的(de)(de)(de)關系,敢用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)缺點的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)才(cai)(cai),并(bing)能(neng)做(zuo)到用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不疑,疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不用(yong)(yong)。正因為有(you)(you)這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)原則,西漢(han)劉(liu)敬(jing)、三國(guo)諸葛亮等賢(xian)能(neng)之(zhi)士才(cai)(cai)能(neng)夠(gou)“朝為田舍郎,暮(mu)登天子堂”。
“任人唯賢”指任用(yong)官員只以(yi)德才(cai)優秀作為標準。
含褒義;在句中一般作謂語(yu)(yu)、定語(yu)(yu)、賓(bin)語(yu)(yu)、分句。
毛澤東《中(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)產黨(dang)在(zai)民族戰爭中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)地位(wei)》:“有獨立的(de)(de)工作能力,積極(ji)肯干,不謀私利為標準,這就是任人唯賢的(de)(de)路(lu)線。”
作家·凌力《星星草》:“文狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、武(wu)狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、農狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、工狀(zhuang)元(yuan)、醫狀(zhuang)元(yuan),都要選,以才取人,任人唯賢。那時天國人才濟(ji)濟(ji),英杰歸真,咱們可(ke)就更該興旺(wang)羅!”
任人唯賢—知人善用
“任人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯(wei)賢(xian)”和“知(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)善(shan)(shan)任”兩者都含有“善(shan)(shan)于(yu)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)”的意(yi)思。但“任人(ren)(ren)(ren)唯(wei)賢(xian)”是(shi)指一種用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原則(ze)(ze)或(huo)態(tai)度,“知(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)善(shan)(shan)任”則(ze)(ze)多指方法或(huo)技巧。