文峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)文化源遠流長、底蘊深厚,人文、自然(ran)景觀(guan)俱(ju)佳,素有“魯南小(xiao)泰山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”之稱(cheng)。文峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)原名(ming)神峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),因魯國執(zhi)政大臣季文子(zi)設蘭陵為次(ci)室邑(yi),在(zai)此執(zhi)政期間,清正(zheng)廉(lian)潔,勤政為民,去(qu)世(shi)后葬于文峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),后人為紀(ji)念他,把“神峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”改為“文峰(feng)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。
山(shan)上(shang)有(you) “季(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)子(zi)墓(mu)”、“季(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)子(zi)廟(miao)(miao)”等(deng)(deng)遺(yi)址(zhi)。戰國時期出(chu)名(ming)(ming)思(si)想家、教育家、儒家學(xue)派集大(da)成者、“后(hou)圣(sheng)”荀(xun)子(zi)在(zai)(zai)文(wen)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)論道,著書立說,廣授門徒,在(zai)(zai)此培養了韓非子(zi)、李斯等(deng)(deng)高徒弟子(zi),荀(xun)子(zi)《勸學(xue)》等(deng)(deng)三十二(er)篇大(da)多成名(ming)(ming)于文(wen)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan),現存(cun)有(you)“荀(xun)子(zi)講(jiang)(jiang)學(xue)處”、“荀(xun)子(zi)書院”、“荀(xun)子(zi)曬書臺”等(deng)(deng)遺(yi)址(zhi)。隋(sui)唐時期,文(wen)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)已經(jing)成為(wei)蘇魯一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)極負(fu)盛(sheng)名(ming)(ming)的佛(fo)道教圣(sheng)地,山(shan)上(shang)原(yuan)有(you)上(shang)下兩(liang)(liang)廟(miao)(miao),龍王(wang)樓(lou)、季(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)子(zi)墓(mu)、三星(xing)殿(dian)、眼光(guang)殿(dian)、三清(qing)(qing)宮、關爺廟(miao)(miao)、泰(tai)山(shan)行宮、玉(yu)皇閣等(deng)(deng)建筑(zhu),因歷代兵燹,已蕩然無(wu)存(cun),現有(you)“季(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)子(zi)墓(mu)”、“三清(qing)(qing)宮”、“泰(tai)山(shan)殿(dian)”、“泉(quan)(quan)源寺(si)”、“千佛(fo)崖”等(deng)(deng)遺(yi)址(zhi),東部有(you)鄫國故(gu)城。文(wen)峰(feng)(feng)山(shan)山(shan)清(qing)(qing)水(shui)秀、景(jing)色優(you)美,山(shan)上(shang)古(gu)(gu)木參天,清(qing)(qing)泉(quan)(quan)潺潺,怪石嶙峋、盤(pan)藤(teng)冉枝、峭壁(bi)摩崖,曲徑通(tong)幽(you)。在(zai)(zai)季(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)子(zi)墓(mu)前有(you)古(gu)(gu)銀杏(xing)樹兩(liang)(liang)棵,株(zhu)(zhu)距6米(mi),東株(zhu)(zhu)粗4.6米(mi),西株(zhu)(zhu)粗9.6米(mi),高30余米(mi),枝杈交錯(cuo),互為(wei)連理,俗(su)稱“情侶樹”,雖經(jing)千年風霜仍根(gen)(gen)深葉茂(mao)(mao)。《臨沂縣志》載“清(qing)(qing)光(guang)緒(xu)初(chu)右株(zhu)(zhu)焚于火(huo),焦灼無(wu)生氣,敷年后(hou)忽生,今已暢茂(mao)(mao)于故(gu)矣”;季(ji)(ji)(ji)文(wen)子(zi)墓(mu)西有(you)龍王(wang)樓(lou),又名(ming)(ming)“西看樓(lou)”,建于北宋咸(xian)平二(er)年(999年),今已無(wu)存(cun),樓(lou)下有(you)洞,澗中(zhong)有(you)泉(quan)(quan),名(ming)(ming)“龍泉(quan)(quan)”,又名(ming)(ming)“玉(yu)泉(quan)(quan)”,泉(quan)(quan)水(shui)清(qing)(qing)冽,四(si)季(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)干。龍泉(quan)(quan)西側(ce)有(you)通(tong)向山(shan)頂的盤(pan)路,共七(qi)(qi)十七(qi)(qi)盤(pan)二(er)百(bai)九十七(qi)(qi)階。沿石階而上(shang),兩(liang)(liang)旁壁(bi)石陡(dou)峭如削(xue),松(song)(song)(song)柏遮(zhe)天蔽(bi)口。路兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)松(song)(song)(song)樹,一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)根(gen)(gen)出(chu)石縫,形似(si)偏馬欲騎(qi),稱之“偏馬松(song)(song)(song)”,一(yi)(yi)株(zhu)(zhu)坐于巨石之上(shang),兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)主(zhu)根(gen)(gen)交叉(cha)鍥入(ru)峭壁(bi)縫隙(xi),形如騎(qi)馬,故(gu)稱“騎(qi)馬松(song)(song)(song)”。崖縫中(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)株(zhu)(zhu)千年古(gu)(gu)藤(teng),似(si)兩(liang)(liang)條(tiao)巨龍繞柏騰(teng)空。周(zhou)(zhou)圍數百(bai)株(zhu)(zhu)奇松(song)(song)(song)異樹,根(gen)(gen)扎石壁(bi),景(jing)色令人驚嘆不(bu)已。近觀山(shan)的東坡,白石皚皚如雪(xue)(xue),即為(wei)臨沂古(gu)(gu)八大(da)景(jing)之一(yi)(yi)的“神(shen)峰(feng)(feng)積雪(xue)(xue)”。主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)大(da)神(shen)山(shan)西古(gu)(gu)泉(quan)(quan)源寺(si)遺(yi)址(zhi)后(hou)一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)自石隙(xi)中(zhong)橫出(chu),汩汩有(you)聲,流(liu)入(ru)寺(si)中(zhong),曲折(zhe)匯(hui)為(wei)巨池(chi)。池(chi)周(zhou)(zhou)圍綠樹濃(nong)蔭,別具幽(you)趣(qu)。
文峰山同時是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的革(ge)命(ming)紀念(nian)(nian)地(di),是(shi)抗日戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)、解(jie)放戰(zhan)爭(zheng)(zheng)時期重(zhong)要(yao)的根(gen)據地(di)和主(zhu)戰(zhan)場,是(shi)山東(dong)紅色旅(lv)游(you)發(fa)展中(zhong)的重(zhong)要(yao)區(qu)域。山上有(you)(you)銀廠慘案烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)紀念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)、中(zhong)共(gong)魯南(nan)區(qu)委書(shu)記(ji)趙镈烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)、山東(dong)軍區(qu)八師政治部(bu)主(zhu)任曾明桃烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)和“蒼山暴動(dong)”領導人郭(guo)云舫烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。魯南(nan)革(ge)命(ming)烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)陵園就坐落在山南(nan)腳下,烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)陵園占地(di)3.41公頃。四周筑(zhu)有(you)(you)2米左(zuo)右的院墻,西(xi)式(shi)門(men)樓坐北朝南(nan),坡地(di)而立(li),左(zuo)側扁立(li)柱(zhu)鐫有(you)(you)“烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)陵園”4個金色大字(zi),4間(jian)門(men)房襯附門(men)樓兩側,兩頭各有(you)(you)一(yi)間(jian)小樓聳(song)立(li)對峙。園內建有(you)(you)魯南(nan)革(ge)命(ming)紀念(nian)(nian)館(guan),館(guan)后為烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)林,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)林后建有(you)(you)革(ge)命(ming)烈(lie)(lie)(lie)士(shi)紀念(nian)(nian)碑(bei)一(yi)座(zuo)。
山的(de)(de)(de)東面有(you)城村,是古(gu)(gu)(gu)國遺(yi)址,亦是孔子(zi)弟子(zi)曾(ceng)參的(de)(de)(de)家鄉,西(xi)面有(you)匡王村,相(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)東漢時“鑿(zao)壁(bi)偷光(guang)”刻苦自學而成(cheng)名的(de)(de)(de)匡衡(heng)故(gu)里(li)。山上(shang)有(you)春(chun)秋(qiu)時期魯大夫(fu)季文子(zi)墓(mu)和(he)祠,故(gu)此山又名為(wei)魯卿(qing)山。山中(zhong)路(lu)半山腰,有(you)一園門(men),上(shang)題“文峰勝(sheng)景(jing)”,即下(xia)廟之廟門(men),左右各有(you)銀杏樹(shu)一株(zhu),均高(gao)20余米,粗(cu)數圍(wei)。下(xia)廟為(wei)一建(jian)筑(zhu)群,由三(san)清殿、關帝廟、龍(long)(long)五廟等(deng)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)。據出(chu)土石標(biao)記載,龍(long)(long)五廟始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)宋建(jian)宗咸平(ping)二年(公元(yuan)999年),為(wei)游覽勝(sheng)地(di)。廟址附近(jin)有(you)泉(quan)自洞中(zhong)流出(chu),名龍(long)(long)泉(quan),泉(quan)水甘美。龍(long)(long)泉(quan)西(xi)側(ce)有(you)石階直通上(shang)廟,沿(yan)途有(you)許(xu)多松柏,皆出(chu)于(yu)峭(qiao)壁(bi)縫隙中(zhong),其中(zhong)出(chu)名的(de)(de)(de)有(you)“編(bian)思松”、“騎馬松”等(deng)。上(shang)廟由季文子(zi)廟、三(san)皇(huang)廟和(he)三(san)清觀(guan)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng),現已傾坍。由上(shang)廟上(shang)行(xing)半里(li)許(xu),便是山的(de)(de)(de)絕頂玉(yu)皇(huang)閣舊(jiu)址。由此近(jin)觀(guan)山之東坡(po),白石皚(ai)皚(ai),望之如雪,古(gu)(gu)(gu)瑯琊八景(jing)之一的(de)(de)(de)“神(shen)峰積雪”,即指此而言。從主(zhu)峰西(xi)行(xing)三(san)公里(li),有(you)一石壁(bi)嶙峋(xun)處(chu),為(wei)古(gu)(gu)(gu)泉(quan)源寺(si)舊(jiu)址,稱千佛崖,上(shang)有(you)摩(mo)崖造(zao)像100余尊,其中(zhong)20余尊尚完好,造(zao)像年代不(bu)可考,風格古(gu)(gu)(gu)拙(zhuo),近(jin)似(si)六朝時遺(yi)物。文峰山不(bu)僅風景(jing)秀麗,而且是一處(chu)重要的(de)(de)(de)革命紀(ji)念(nian)地(di)。在(zai)主(zhu)峰之巔,“銀廠慘案烈(lie)士紀(ji)念(nian)館(guan)”巍然屹立。蒼山縣烈(lie)士陵園,就坐落(luo)在(zai)此山腳下(xia)。