仙霞(xia)(xia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)浙(zhe)江仙霞(xia)(xia)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)位于浙(zhe)、閩、贛三省交(jiao)界處的(de)(de)江山市東南(nan)部保安鄉、雙溪(xi)口鄉、廿八都鎮(zhen)境內。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)分(fen)為仙霞(xia)(xia)關(guan)景區(qu)、龍井坑景區(qu)和(he)浮蓋山景區(qu)三部分(fen),涉(she)及江山市保安鄉、雙溪(xi)口鄉、廿八都鎮(zhen)三個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)5個(ge)(ge)行政村(cun)及江山市林(lin)(lin)(lin)業總(zong)場龍井坑、仙霞(xia)(xia)關(guan)兩個(ge)(ge)林(lin)(lin)(lin)區(qu)。景區(qu)內自然(ran)資(zi)源十分(fen)豐富(fu),森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達95%以(yi)上。森林(lin)(lin)(lin)資(zi)源、自然(ran)景觀與人文史跡都具有較高(gao)的(de)(de)觀賞、科學和(he)文化價(jia)值。在第三屆中(zhong)國(guo)森林(lin)(lin)(lin)風景資(zi)源評價(jia)委員會(hui)(hui)第二次會(hui)(hui)議上,公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)晉升(sheng)為中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家級森林(lin)(lin)(lin)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。
旅游景點
仙(xian)(xian)霞森(sen)林公園依托逶(wei)迤東南的仙(xian)(xian)霞嶺山脈,北有沖天大將軍黃巢刊辟的仙(xian)(xian)霞古(gu)道,南有令徐霞客(ke)神(shen)往的浮蓋山,東有堪(kan)稱“浙江(jiang)版納”的原始(shi)次生林,森(sen)林旅游資源極(ji)其豐富,景(jing)點密(mi)度(du)大,可覽(lan)度(du)高,景(jing)觀特(te)色鮮(xian)明(ming),類別齊全(quan),集古(gu)樹修竹、奇(qi)(qi)峰怪石、飛瀑流泉(quan)、幽(you)洞深潭等(deng)自然景(jing)觀于(yu)一身,以雄關(guan)古(gu)道、寺庵碑碣、名人題(ti)詠、神(shen)話傳說等(deng)璀璨人文歷史為烘托,具有“青(qing)、幽(you)、秀、奇(qi)(qi)、雄、險、古(gu)”的特(te)色。
仙霞森(sen)林公園主要景物有(you)169個,按(an)可覽度分,上(shang)上(shang)景9個,上(shang)景82個,中景78個;按(an)類(lei)(lei)型分,地文類(lei)(lei)64個,水文類(lei)(lei)54個,生物類(lei)(lei)26個,人文類(lei)(lei)23個,天象類(lei)(lei)2個。
古樹茂林,堪稱“浙江版納”
公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)茂(mao)盛(sheng),崇山(shan)峻嶺(ling),擁翠披(pi)綠,植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)以常綠闊葉林(lin)(lin)(lin)為(wei)主,仙霞(xia)嶺(ling)和(he)石(shi)(shi)鼓峽景(jing)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)大(da)面積的(de)毛竹(zhu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)分布,浮蓋山(shan)景(jing)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)部分馬尾松(song)、杉木(mu)(mu)(mu)片林(lin)(lin)(lin)或針(zhen)闊混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)木(mu)(mu)(mu)本植(zhi)物87科(ke)232屬(shu)634種(zhong),有(you)(you)(you)數(shu)(shu)種(zhong)屬(shu)國家一(yi)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護和(he)國家二級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護的(de)樹種(zhong),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋率達到95%。翠竹(zhu)蒼松(song)、櫧(zhu)栲常綠,一(yi)年(nian)四季,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)郁(yu)郁(yu)蔥蔥,隨著季節變換,呈現豐富多(duo)姿(zi)的(de)季相(xiang)景(jing)觀。春天,萬(wan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)滋生(sheng)(sheng),欣欣向(xiang)榮,山(shan)花燦爛,新枝(zhi)嫩葉如(ru)(ru)(ru)雪;夏日,山(shan)色如(ru)(ru)(ru)黛,濃蔭翠蓋,竹(zhu)影搖曳,林(lin)(lin)(lin)間清風習習;入秋,紅葉點點,野(ye)(ye)果飄香(xiang),鳥鳴啁啾(jiu),竹(zhu)海(hai)松(song)濤(tao)翻(fan)騰;冬季,寒(han)山(shan)凝重,泉聲幽咽,瓊枝(zhi)玉(yu)樹,滿山(shan)銀(yin)妝(zhuang)素(su)裹(guo)。尤其在春夏時節,仙霞(xia)關頂(ding)常有(you)(you)(you)云(yun)霧繚繞(rao),倏忽間近樹遠山(shan)變得(de)模糊不清,水珠飛(fei)沫如(ru)(ru)(ru)精靈飄飛(fei),待陽光(guang)從云(yun)間透射,金光(guang)萬(wan)縷,山(shan)水林(lin)(lin)(lin)木(mu)(mu)(mu)均籠罩在金色的(de)霞(xia)光(guang)里,稱“仙霞(xia)披(pi)彩”奇觀。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)龍井坑生(sheng)(sheng)態區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)片原始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin),因山(shan)高路(lu)遠,幾(ji)百年(nian)來沒有(you)(you)(you)人為(wei)活動(dong)的(de)破壞,是浙(zhe)江(jiang)省最大(da)的(de)原始次生(sheng)(sheng)林(lin)(lin)(lin)之(zhi)一(yi)。古(gu)木(mu)(mu)(mu)參天,長藤(teng)老(lao)樹不計其數(shu)(shu),飛(fei)禽走獸(shou)出沒其間,構成(cheng)“浙(zhe)江(jiang)西雙版納”的(de)美麗畫卷。公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)為(wei)數(shu)(shu)可(ke)觀的(de)古(gu)樹名(ming)木(mu)(mu)(mu),分布于(yu)村落、古(gu)道、寺廟(miao)旁。仙霞(xia)古(gu)道上的(de)黃巢拴馬樹,石(shi)(shi)鼓村的(de)千年(nian)紅豆杉,龍皇廟(miao)旁的(de)胸徑1.5米、樹齡400余年(nian)的(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)大(da)榧樹,還有(you)(you)(you)古(gu)柳(liu)杉、古(gu)銀(yin)杏等(deng)等(deng),不勝枚(mei)舉。植(zhi)物個體(ti)之(zhi)間,植(zhi)物與山(shan)石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)間也組(zu)成(cheng)許多(duo)觀賞價值較(jiao)高的(de)景(jing)觀,有(you)(you)(you)枝(zhi)柯相(xiang)扶的(de)“姐妹栲”,古(gu)樹抱竹(zhu)的(de)“胸有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)竹(zhu)”,新竹(zhu)破巖而發的(de)“細竹(zhu)破石(shi)(shi)”;有(you)(you)(you)枯(ku)立木(mu)(mu)(mu)銅干鐵(tie)臂般的(de)“枯(ku)桿問(wen)天”,灌草簇(cu)生(sheng)(sheng)溪石(shi)(shi)的(de)“天然(ran)(ran)盆景(jing)”,古(gu)藤(teng)盤繞(rao)出洞的(de)“蟒蛇出洞”等(deng)等(deng),野(ye)(ye)趣盎然(ran)(ran)。園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)茂(mao)密(mi)的(de)植(zhi)被(bei)(bei)為(wei)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物提(ti)供了良(liang)好的(de)棲息地,野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物種(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo)。珍(zhen)禽異獸(shou)與茂(mao)盛(sheng)的(de)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)和(he)諧地相(xiang)存(cun)相(xiang)依(yi),展示了大(da)自然(ran)(ran)的(de)勃勃生(sheng)(sheng)機。
飛瀑流泉,山水自然靈秀
仙霞(xia)森(sen)林(lin)公園(yuan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)巒(luan)起伏,溝深(shen)(shen)壑(he)險,眾多泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)順山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢而下(xia),匯成溪澗,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)懸為(wei)瀑(pu),跌落成潭(tan)(tan),聚而生湖。若山(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)公園(yuan)之(zhi)骨骼,森(sen)林(lin)為(wei)衣裳(shang),水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)則(ze)為(wei)血(xue)脈(mo)。泉(quan)瀑(pu)溪澗潭(tan)(tan)湖如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)公園(yuan)脈(mo)絡,跳(tiao)動(dong)流(liu)(liu)淌不止(zhi)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)得水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)而活,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)因(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)而秀。山(shan)(shan)(shan)光水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)色(se)相(xiang)輝映,更添自然靈(ling)秀。石(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)峽口的(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)湖波平(ping)(ping)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)鏡,湖畔(pan)翠竹清(qing)幽,倒影澄碧,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)群山(shan)(shan)(shan)懷抱中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)塊翡翠。峽谷深(shen)(shen)處,石(shi)(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)三潭(tan)(tan)掩映于(yu)綠(lv)樹之(zhi)間,純靜(jing)秀美,虬龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)澗湍(tuan)急如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)竹箭,與亂石(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)激,聲如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)金(jin)戈,勢欲(yu)移石(shi)(shi)(shi);潭(tan)(tan)上(shang)有(you)(you)瀑(pu),因(yin)巨石(shi)(shi)(shi)阻擋(dang),分大(da)(da)小兩(liang)注,上(shang)分下(xia)合,宛如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)母子(zi)情深(shen)(shen)。瀑(pu)因(yin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量、地勢的(de)差異,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)青絲(si)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)珠簾(lian)(lian)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)白練,似天(tian)(tian)(tian)線(xian)似臥(wo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)似“之(zhi)”字。龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井坑生態區的(de)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)門(men)瀑(pu)從峭壁(bi)上(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)然石(shi)(shi)(shi)橋橋孔(kong)下(xia)飛(fei)流(liu)(liu)直瀉,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)花(hua)(hua)飛(fei)濺,紛紛揚(yang)揚(yang),飄于(yu)木杪林(lin)間,瀑(pu)鳴(ming)如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)雷震耳。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井景區山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢陡峻曲折,澗水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜿蜒奔流(liu)(liu),似一(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)玉(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)盤旋而下(xia),跌宕成大(da)(da)大(da)(da)小小無數潭(tan)(tan)瀑(pu),中(zhong)有(you)(you)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)潭(tan)(tan)深(shen)(shen)不可(ke)測,稱九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井,謂(wei)(wei)潛龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、臥(wo)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、隱龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、顯龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、躍龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、吟龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、玉(yu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、天(tian)(tian)(tian)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、飛(fei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)井。潭(tan)(tan)不在深(shen)(shen),有(you)(you)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)則(ze)靈(ling)。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)井因(yin)賦予了龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)文化更顯深(shen)(shen)幽古(gu)奧。九(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)潭(tan)(tan)之(zhi)間,飛(fei)瀑(pu)流(liu)(liu)泉(quan)各有(you)(you)形(xing)態:飛(fei)花(hua)(hua)瀑(pu)半空擊石(shi)(shi)(shi),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)天(tian)(tian)(tian)女散花(hua)(hua);香草瀑(pu)香草叢生,嵐氣蒸(zheng)騰,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)嗅(xiu)蘭麝;玉(yu)階(jie)(jie)(jie)瀑(pu)沿天(tian)(tian)(tian)然石(shi)(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)俯沖(chong)而下(xia),如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)層層玉(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi)階(jie)(jie)(jie)梯;水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)瀑(pu)瀑(pu)下(xia)石(shi)(shi)(shi)猴(hou)欲(yu)躍,疑為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)簾(lian)(lian)洞府;龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎瀑(pu)緊貼皺折不平(ping)(ping)巖壁(bi),似流(liu)(liu)非瀉,如(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)絲(si)絲(si)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎;琵琶泉(quan)泉(quan)形(xing)若琵琶,錚錚淙(cong)淙(cong),高山(shan)(shan)(shan)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),琴韻悠(you)悠(you)。真可(ke)謂(wei)(wei)“淙(cong)淙(cong)萬音落石(shi)(shi)(shi)顛,皎皎一(yi)(yi)(yi)派(pai)當簾(lian)(lian)前。清(qing)風高吹(chui)鸞鶴淚,白日(ri)下(xia)照蛟(jiao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)涎。”
險峰怪石,磊疊如蓋神奇
每(mei)當冬(dong)季雪(xue)后,石上積雪(xue)被風(feng)掃入石隙,石頂(ding)積雪(xue)融化,石隙間仍厚積白(bai)雪(xue),此時遙(yao)望,層層疊疊的奇(qi)(qi)巖怪石像(xiang)躺于白(bai)綾素羅之中(zhong),黑白(bai)分(fen)明,形成(cheng)“浮蓋殘雪(xue)”奇(qi)(qi)觀(guan)。此外(wai),還(huan)有大量的象形奇(qi)(qi)石星羅棋布(bu)于公園(yuan)的溪澗峽谷,仙(xian)霞森林公園(yuan)實乃集大地頑石之奇(qi)(qi)觀(guan)。
園內(nei)巨巖崩塌壘疊,又構(gou)成無數洞(dong)(dong)穴深罅。洞(dong)(dong)洞(dong)(dong)相連,上下(xia)貫(guan)通,石(shi)洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)時(shi)寬(kuan)時(shi)窄;頂(ding)(ding)開而(er)明(ming),頂(ding)(ding)合而(er)暗,光影變幻莫測。有細(xi)藤如簾懸掛洞(dong)(dong)口(kou)的垂簾洞(dong)(dong);有青苔如絨似毯的禪意洞(dong)(dong);有古(gu)藤攀援(yuan)探(tan)出(chu)洞(dong)(dong)頂(ding)(ding)的蟒蛇洞(dong)(dong)等(deng)等(deng)。游(you)人在忽明(ming)忽暗的群洞(dong)(dong)之間躬身(shen)(shen)穿行,猶如置身(shen)(shen)龐大的磊石(shi)迷宮之中,妙趣橫生。險(xian)峰、奇(qi)石(shi)、幽洞(dong)(dong)、深峽(xia),輔以宗(zong)教文(wen)化和故事傳(chuan)說,更添仙霞森林公園的神(shen)奇(qi)之處(chu)。
雄關古道,人文薈萃絢麗
仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)森林公(gong)園歷(li)(li)史(shi)悠久,人(ren)文史(shi)跡源遠流長。唐乾(qian)符五年,農民(min)(min)(min)起義(yi)(yi)軍(jun)領(ling)袖黃(huang)(huang)巢率部(bu)于仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)嶺刊山(shan)伐(fa)道(dao)(dao)700里(li),直趨(qu)建(jian)州,這條二十(shi)(shi)四(si)曲、三百六十(shi)(shi)級的(de)山(shan)道(dao)(dao),即(ji)成為著名的(de)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)。公(gong)園北列(lie)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)關(guan)(guan)(guan),南(nan)峙楓(feng)嶺關(guan)(guan)(guan)。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)關(guan)(guan)(guan)建(jian)于宋代,有(you)“東(dong)南(nan)鎖鑰(yao)”、“八閩(min)咽喉”之(zhi)稱,現(xian)存(cun)石砌(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)門四(si)道(dao)(dao),為中(zhong)國(guo)十(shi)(shi)大軍(jun)事名關(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)一(yi)。楓(feng)嶺關(guan)(guan)(guan)為浙閩(min)界關(guan)(guan)(guan),有(you)“東(dong)方劍閣(ge)”、“浙西(xi)南(nan)第(di)一(yi)門戶”之(zhi)譽,清(qing)順(shun)治年間屯兵戍守,現(xian)存(cun)石砌(qi)關(guan)(guan)(guan)門一(yi)道(dao)(dao)。雄關(guan)(guan)(guan)之(zhi)間,古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)兩旁(pang),有(you)東(dong)南(nan)鎖鑰(yao)碑、黃(huang)(huang)巢紀(ji)(ji)念館、松風亭、霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)嶺亭、福(fu)口亭、天雨庵、古(gu)(gu)操場、古(gu)(gu)炮臺、抗日(ri)戰壕、率性齋(zhai)、十(shi)(shi)八肩古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)、里(li)山(shan)寺(si)等(deng)等(deng),人(ren)文景觀如(ru)顆顆明珠熠熠生輝(hui)。正(zheng)如(ru)郁達夫在《仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)紀(ji)(ji)險》所描述的(de)“轉一(yi)個(ge)彎,變(bian)一(yi)番(fan)景色;上一(yi)條嶺,辟一(yi)個(ge)天地”。仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)及仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)關(guan)(guan)(guan)歷(li)(li)來為兵家必爭之(zhi)地。南(nan)宋高宗(zong)建(jian)炎(yan)三年,江浙制置使韓(han)世忠越(yue)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)嶺擊潰叛軍(jun);明正(zheng)統九年,葉留宗(zong)領(ling)導礦(kuang)工起義(yi)(yi);清(qing)光緒廿六年,江山(shan)劉家福(fu)領(ling)導農民(min)(min)(min)起義(yi)(yi),攻占此關(guan)(guan)(guan);民(min)(min)(min)國(guo)24至(zhi)26年,工農紅軍(jun)挺進師在粟裕(yu)、劉英(ying)領(ling)導下,于仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)霞(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)嶺一(yi)帶建(jian)立游(you)擊根據地。雄關(guan)(guan)(guan)古(gu)(gu)道(dao)(dao)見證了歷(li)(li)史(shi),并留給游(you)人(ren)滄(cang)桑巨變(bian)的(de)感悟。
仙霞古(gu)道也留下歷(li)(li)代文人(ren)墨客的足(zu)跡(ji)。明代地理學家(jia)、旅行(xing)家(jia)徐霞客曾循仙霞古(gu)道,游(you)覽浮蓋山,發(fa)出“怪(guai)石(shi)摩云,飛崖削翠”的贊嘆,并(bing)在(zai)《閩(min)游(you)日記(ji)》、《后閩(min)游(you)記(ji)》中作詳細記(ji)載(zai)。歷(li)(li)代文人(ren)墨客陸游(you)、楊萬里、汪藻、黃公度、徐渭、周亮(liang)工、袁枚、查(cha)慎行(xing)、郁達夫等(deng)也多(duo)有題詠。絢麗(li)的詩文與雄關古(gu)道、歷(li)(li)史(shi)事件賦(fu)予了(le)仙霞森林公園豐富的文化內涵和深厚的歷(li)(li)史(shi)底蘊。