簡介
寧遠文(wen)(wen)廟(miao),又名(ming)學宮。位于湖南省(sheng)寧遠縣城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)南隅,原建(jian)(jian)于漢泠道故城(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)名(ming)東(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)),宋乾德三年(nian)(nian)(965年(nian)(nian))隨縣城(cheng)(cheng)遷建(jian)(jian)于此。文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古代社(she)會里(li)儒家文(wen)(wen)化的(de)代表性建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),是(shi)(shi)祭祀歷史文(wen)(wen)化名(ming)人(ren)也(ye)子和(he)唯一(yi)官(guan)司辦的(de)學府,是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)封建(jian)(jian)社(she)會里(li)廟(miao)、學合一(yi)的(de)教育機(ji)構。寧遠文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)在我國(guo)(guo)現存的(de)文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)真建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(含也(ye)廟(miao)、文(wen)(wen)宣王廟(miao)、學宮、夫子廟(miao)、先師廟(miao))中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),是(shi)(shi)始(shi)建(jian)(jian)年(nian)(nian)代最(zui)(zui)早,保存最(zui)(zui)完整的(de)兩座(zuo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)之一(yi),南北長170.8米,東(dong)西(xi)寬60.2米,占地10282平方米,其規模在全國(guo)(guo)現存文(wen)(wen)廟(miao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屈(qu)指可數(shu)。
寧遠文廟(miao)以精美的石雕(diao)著稱(cheng),特(te)別是(shi)20根(gen)整體高5米(mi)的灰色大理石蟠龍(long)舞鳳(feng)石雕(diao)柱采用高浮雕(diao)鏤空工(gong)(gong)藝,十分精美,為全國(guo)(guo)古(gu)建筑中所僅有(you)(you)的,具有(you)(you)極高的藝術價值。被人們稱(cheng)為“國(guo)(guo)寶”,廟(miao)內眾(zhong)多有(you)(you)石雕(diao)裝飾相(xiang)互輝(hui)映,包括了石雕(diao)的全部工(gong)(gong)藝手法,猶(you)如一座完美的石雕(diao)工(gong)(gong)藝博物館。
寧遠文(wen)廟(miao)自北宋以來,歷經(jing)宋、元、明、清十(shi)余次(ci)維修(xiu)及重(zhong)修(xiu),后存建筑為清代同(tong)治十(shi)二(er)年(1873年)至光緒八年(1882)時所重(zhong)修(xiu)。整(zheng)座文(wen)廟(miao)建筑規劃合理,結(jie)構科學,排水(shui)迅速、房屋裝修(xiu)藝術(shu)的(de)地方(fang)風格、民族風格十(shi)分濃(nong)烈。體現了古代勞(lao)動人們的(de)聰明才(cai)智和創造力(li)。1996年11月,經(jing)國務(wu)院公(gong)布為全國重(zhong)點文(wen)物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
歷史
寧遠文(wen)廟(miao)歷(li)史上曾多次(ci)進(jin)行修(xiu)繕。明代洪武二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1369)、永樂十(shi)(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1419)至成化(hua)十(shi)(shi)一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1475)、嘉靖十(shi)(shi)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1536)、嘉靖二(er)十(shi)(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1547)數次(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu);清(qing)(qing)代康熙七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1668)至二(er)十(shi)(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1681)、乾隆三十(shi)(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1768)兩次(ci)重(zhong)修(xiu)。清(qing)(qing)同治(zhi)十(shi)(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1873),縣人(ren)(ren)黃習溶(rong)因(yin)軍功(gong)被清(qing)(qing)朝遷授四品頂戴,為振興人(ren)(ren)文(wen),捐銀(yin)(yin)倡修(xiu)文(wen)廟(miao),籌集(ji)白銀(yin)(yin)六萬余兩,歷(li)十(shi)(shi)個冬春,于光緒(xu)八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882)竣工,成為當時“湖(hu)湘之(zhi)最(zui)大”文(wen)廟(miao)。
近(jin)代,教育的(de)普及,文(wen)廟(miao)推動(dong)學校(xiao)(xiao)的(de)教育功能,被辟(pi)作“民眾教育圖書館”。1926年(nian),第一次(ci)國(guo)內(nei)(nei)革命戰爭時期,文(wen)廟(miao)被作縣(xian)農運(yun)的(de)中心,成了農會、工會的(de)辦公地點(dian),后(hou)又(you)在廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)先后(hou)辦了平民女子習藝工廠、縣(xian)立(li)女子高等小學等。1937年(nian),日寇進逼長沙,省會湖南私立(li)育群(qun)中學(長沙市八中)遷(qian)來寧遠,占用文(wen)廟(miao)作校(xiao)(xiao)舍,直至(zhi)1951年(nian)遷(qian)出(chu)。隨后(hou),文(wen)廟(miao)被占作縣(xian)直屬(shu)糧庫的(de)糧倉。直到(dao)1959年(nian)文(wen)廟(miao)定為省級文(wen)物保護單位(wei),糧倉才遷(qian)出(chu)。
1959年3月,省文(wen)化(hua)廳撥款3000元,對鄉賢、名宦兩(liang)祠作(zuo)(zuo)了簡單的(de)(de)裝修,縣(xian)文(wen)化(hua)館及(ji)縣(xian)文(wen)化(hua)藝(yi)術學校(xiao)遷入文(wen)廟(miao)(miao),鄉賢祠改(gai)作(zuo)(zuo)圖書室,名宦祠作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)文(wen)藝(yi)學校(xiao)的(de)(de)辦公及(ji)教師(shi)、女生(sheng)住(zhu)房,西廡作(zuo)(zuo)教室,當(dang)時大(da)成殿的(de)(de)廒倉(cang)(cang)尚(shang)未來(lai)得及(ji)拆遷,作(zuo)(zuo)藝(yi)校(xiao)的(de)(de)男(nan)生(sheng)宿舍。后(hou)來(lai)男(nan)宿舍搬到二中建(jian)在文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)后(hou)園(yuan)內的(de)(de)一棟平房里(li)。文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)外(wai)園(yuan)東(dong)邊(bian)圍墻(qiang)一帶,則被縣(xian)發(fa)電廠占用(yong),電廠在圍墻(qiang)上挖了兩(liang)個大(da)洞,作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)鍋爐(lu)門,墻(qiang)外(wai)蓋起了鍋爐(lu)房,南(nan)邊(bian)照壁下搭建(jian)了廠棚(peng),堆放(fang)燃料(liao)(當(dang)時以木柴(chai)作(zuo)(zuo)燃料(liao)燒鍋爐(lu))。這期間,盡管文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)先后(hou)被各機關(guan)、學校(xiao)、倉(cang)(cang)庫占用(yong),但均未開(kai)前門,來(lai)文(wen)化(hua)館借書的(de)(de)讀者,也(ye)只能從東(dong)側騰蛟門進(jin)入,仍然是(shi)封閉狀態(tai)。
1963年10月(yue),省撥款5萬元(yuan)整修文(wen)廟屋面,防(fang)滲(shen)治漏,保(bao)護和延長這處古建筑的使用壽命。
1966年,“文化(hua)大(da)革命”開(kai)始后,文廟首(shou)當(dang)“破(po)四舊”之沖(chong),一批造反的(de)“紅衛兵”沖(chong)進文廟,半(ban)天內砸毀文廟精(jing)美石(shi)(shi)雕達48處,精(jing)美的(de)石(shi)(shi)雕受到摧殘,并準(zhun)備(bei)下午來(lai)卸瓦(wa)拆房,后來(lai),據(ju)說是(shi)為首(shou)的(de)紅衛兵“頭頭”回家后肚疼不止,又(you)遭(zao)其母責罵,才(cai)沒有率隊再來(lai),避免了(le)一場滅頂之災。
1967年(nian),縣文化系統“造(zao)反派”為緊跟“大(da)好形(xing)勢”,表現自己是(shi)革命群眾組(zu)織,將(jiang)兩側廂房(fang)辟作展(zhan)廳,用膠合(he)板封上大(da)成(cheng)門的(de)浮(fu)釘,寫上毛(mao)主席手(shou)體(ti)詩詞(ci),在照壁上開了可(ke)供(gong)汽車進出的(de)大(da)門,園(yuan)內(nei)立滿(man)了水(shui)泥預制板語錄牌,拆除大(da)成(cheng)殿的(de)孔子(zi)神龕、皇帝題匾。以(yi)毛(mao)澤(ze)東(dong)歷史照片(pian)為主要內(nei)容,把文廟命名(ming)為“毛(mao)澤(ze)東(dong)同(tong)志光學形(xing)象敬仰館(guan)”。
1973年(nian)(nian)(nian),國務(wu)院再次(ci)行文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen),要(yao)求各地保(bao)護(hu)(hu)歷史文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)重新立起了(le)(le)“湖南省(sheng)(sheng)重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位”的(de)(de)標志(zhi)牌。1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏(xia),省(sheng)(sheng)撥款3萬元(yuan),翻修文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。1976年(nian)(nian)(nian),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化館、圖書館恢復建制,兩(liang)單位分別以文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)辦公用房(fang)和(he)住房(fang),1979年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化局從文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)教科中(zhong)(zhong)分出建制,借(jie)住文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)西(xi)廂(xiang)房(fang)辦公。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)(sheng)撥款4.2萬元(yuan)維修大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及崇圣祠。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)府重新頌文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)撥款1.4萬元(yuan)為(wei)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)門(men)、鄉賢名(ming)(ming)宦兩(liang)祠重施油漆。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian),修復“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)革”中(zhong)(zhong)被封閉的(de)(de)步(bu)(bu)賢坊(fang),封閉了(le)(le)開在(zai)照壁上的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)門(men)。自1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,開始在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)售票參觀(guan),每票人(ren)民幣兩(liang)分,后改為(wei)五分,并在(zai)步(bu)(bu)賢坊(fang)收票,收入(ru)主要(yao)用于解決(jue)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)內衛生(sheng)(sheng)維護(hu)(hu)支(zhi)出。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府限期(qi)拆遷了(le)(le)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)革”中(zhong)(zhong)建在(zai)步(bu)(bu)賢坊(fang)門(men)口(kou)的(de)(de)水果(guo)店。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)3月,縣(xian)(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物管理所(suo)正式成(cheng)立,文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)為(wei)群(qun)眾游覽的(de)(de)場所(suo),正式開放(fang)。9月,中(zhong)(zhong)央美術學院教授周令釗先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)帶領九名(ming)(ming)學生(sheng)(sheng)來寧遠采風,對(dui)(dui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)高浮雕鏤孔石雕,作(zuo)出了(le)(le)可(ke)與(yu)故(gu)宮太(tai)和(he)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)丹墀比美的(de)(de)評(ping)價。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian),九疑(yi)(yi)山(shan)風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區正式經省(sheng)(sheng)人(ren)民政(zheng)(zheng)府公布,我們(men)印刷了(le)(le)膠(jiao)印彩色門(men)票,并標上了(le)(le)九疑(yi)(yi)山(shan)風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區游覽紀念,將寧遠文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)作(zuo)為(wei)九疑(yi)(yi)山(shan)風景(jing)名(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區的(de)(de)旅游景(jing)點,對(dui)(dui)外(wai)宣傳和(he)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)開放(fang)。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物局撥款2萬元(yuan),我們(men)修復了(le)(le)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)木質頁子門(men),縣(xian)(xian)(xian)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)撥款1萬元(yuan),在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)成(cheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)重塑了(le)(le)孔子座像。
自1987年(nian),縣圖書館開(kai)(kai)始遷出(chu)文(wen)廟起,占(zhan)用文(wen)廟的老年(nian)人體(ti)協活動中(zhong)心、縣文(wen)化局(ju)陸續外遷,至1989年(nian)冬已全部遷出(chu)。為了加強安全保衛與售(shou)票參觀,占(zhan)用文(wen)廟后園的縣文(wen)化館也另辟(pi)大門出(chu)入,不再(zai)由文(wen)廟進(jin)出(chu),文(wen)廟開(kai)(kai)始向專供游覽(lan)的景點(dian)過渡。
1995年8月6日(ri),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家建設部(bu)和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局的(de)古建專家鄭孝燮、羅哲文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先(xian)生來寧(ning)遠(yuan)考(kao)察,被寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)精美壯觀(guan)的(de)石雕龍(long)鳳柱群(qun)所吸引(yin),留連忘(wang)返,贊不絕口稱其為“不愧國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”。1996年11月21日(ri),國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)務院正式行文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公(gong)布寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)為第四批全國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重點文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位,同年,《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)報》刊(kan)登了(le)我的(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章《中(zhong)南最大(da)的(de)孔廟(miao)——寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)》,寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)正式通過國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家級媒(mei)體走向海(hai)內外。嗣(si)后,臺(tai)灣喜義市崇圣博物(wu)館又發行了(le)明信片(pian)《寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)大(da)成殿》的(de)照(zhao)片(pian)。1997年,國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家建設部(bu)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)局聯(lian)合(he)編撰(zhuan)的(de)大(da)型文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻性圖書《中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)風景名勝(sheng)(sheng)大(da)觀(guan)》(古跡券(quan))收入寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)照(zhao)片(pian)。此書由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化出版公(gong)司(si)出版,并向各國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)駐(zhu)華使館贈送和(he)向海(hai)外發行。寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)作為國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家著名名勝(sheng)(sheng)古跡,由國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家主管部(bu)門和(he)出版機構推向世界。每(mei)年接(jie)待游(you)客(ke)逐(zhu)年遞增。英國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、加(jia)拿大(da)、日(ri)本等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)一些學(xue)者訪問了(le)寧(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)。
建筑
寧遠文(wen)(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布局十分(fen)規范,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物采用(yong)前(qian)園(yuan)后院中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)(xian)對稱(cheng)式排列(lie)。主(zhu)次分(fen)明,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)思線(xian)(xian)上自南(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)北(bei)(bei)有(you)(you)泮池(chi)、極星門(men)(men)(men)、大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)、大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、啟圣殿(dian),左右兩(liang)(liang)側分(fen)別有(you)(you)登圣坊(fang)(fang)、步賢(xian)坊(fang)(fang)、騰蛟(jiao)門(men)(men)(men)、起鳳(feng)門(men)(men)(men)、名(ming)(ming)宦祠(ci)(ci)、鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、明倫(lun)堂(今(jin)教室)、尊經(jing)(jing)閣(ge)(ge)(圖書室)等建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)恢宏典雅,園(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風荷(he)滿池(chi),游魚可數,綠樹掩映,鳥語花(hua)香(xiang),院內廊坊(fang)(fang)相(xiang)連,曲(qu)回(hui)環(huan)繞,清靜幽雅。[1] 寧遠文(wen)(wen)廟座(zuo)北(bei)(bei)朝南(nan)(nan)(nan),東(dong)西寬60.2米(mi),南(nan)(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)長170.8米(mi)。占地10282平方米(mi)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物采用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)(xian)對稱(cheng)式布局,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸線(xian)(xian)上自南(nan)(nan)(nan)至(zhi)北(bei)(bei)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)別為(wei)照壁、泮池(chi)、欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)、大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)、大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、崇(chong)圣祠(ci)(ci);兩(liang)(liang)側對稱(cheng)式排列(lie)著(zhu)登圣坊(fang)(fang)、步賢(xian)坊(fang)(fang)、騰蛟(jiao)門(men)(men)(men)、起鳳(feng)門(men)(men)(men)、鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、名(ming)(ming)宦祠(ci)(ci)、東(dong)西廡、尊經(jing)(jing)閣(ge)(ge)、明倫(lun)堂建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)(men)及鄉賢(xian)、名(ming)(ming)宦兩(liang)(liang)祠(ci)(ci)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)連形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)一道東(dong)西屏障,將(jiang)文(wen)(wen)廟分(fen)隔成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)前(qian)園(yuan)與后院兩(liang)(liang)進院落(luo),園(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)池(chi)映風荷(he),綠樹扶蔭,欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)石坊(fang)(fang)峙(zhi)立(li),一派中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國園(yuan)林(lin)景色;院內建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),曲(qu)廊環(huan)回(hui)將(jiang)東(dong)西廡、大成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、尊經(jing)(jing)閣(ge)(ge)、明倫(lun)堂、崇(chong)圣祠(ci)(ci)連接在一起,為(wei)典型的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國四(si)合院式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)是寧遠文(wen)(wen)廟建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)裝飾的(de)特(te)色,它不僅(jin)擁有(you)(you)全(quan)國古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)唯一的(de)龍鳳(feng)石柱群石雕(diao)(diao)(diao),還有(you)(you)月臺圍(wei)欄石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、丹(dan)陛石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、欞(ling)星門(men)(men)(men)石坊(fang)(fang)石雕(diao)(diao)(diao),及三對立(li)獅石雕(diao)(diao)(diao),這些石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)工藝手法囊括了(le)高浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、鏤(lou)孔、淺浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、線(xian)(xian)刻等,工藝精湛(zhan),造型生動,線(xian)(xian)條柔和。壯(zhuang)觀的(de)石雕(diao)(diao)(diao)與朱梁(liang)黃瓦的(de)宮殿(dian)式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)相(xiang)映生輝。