簡介
寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),又名學宮。位(wei)于湖南省寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)縣城(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)南隅,原建(jian)(jian)(jian)于漢泠道(dao)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(今名東城(cheng)(cheng)),宋乾德三年(nian)(965年(nian))隨縣城(cheng)(cheng)遷建(jian)(jian)(jian)于此。文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)是(shi)中國(guo)古代(dai)社會(hui)里儒家(jia)文(wen)化的(de)代(dai)表性建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑,是(shi)祭(ji)祀(si)歷史文(wen)化名人也子(zi)和唯一(yi)(yi)官司(si)辦(ban)的(de)學府,是(shi)中國(guo)封(feng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)社會(hui)里廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、學合一(yi)(yi)的(de)教育(yu)機(ji)構。寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)在我國(guo)現存(cun)(cun)的(de)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)真建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(含也廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、文(wen)宣王(wang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、學宮、夫子(zi)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)、先師廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao))中,是(shi)始建(jian)(jian)(jian)年(nian)代(dai)最(zui)早,保存(cun)(cun)最(zui)完整的(de)兩座建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑之一(yi)(yi),南北長170.8米(mi)(mi),東西(xi)寬60.2米(mi)(mi),占地10282平方米(mi)(mi),其規模在全國(guo)現存(cun)(cun)文(wen)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)中屈指可數。
寧遠文廟以精美的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)著(zhu)稱(cheng)(cheng),特別是(shi)20根(gen)整體(ti)高(gao)5米的(de)(de)(de)灰色大理石(shi)(shi)(shi)蟠龍舞鳳石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)柱采(cai)用高(gao)浮雕(diao)鏤(lou)空工(gong)藝(yi)(yi),十分精美,為(wei)全國(guo)古建筑中所僅(jin)有的(de)(de)(de),具有極高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)藝(yi)(yi)術(shu)價值。被人們(men)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“國(guo)寶(bao)”,廟內眾(zhong)多有石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)裝飾相(xiang)互(hu)輝映,包括了石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)的(de)(de)(de)全部工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)手法,猶如一座完美的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)雕(diao)工(gong)藝(yi)(yi)博物館。
寧遠(yuan)文(wen)廟自北宋(song)以(yi)來(lai),歷經宋(song)、元(yuan)、明(ming)、清十余次維修(xiu)及重修(xiu),后(hou)存(cun)建筑(zhu)為(wei)(wei)清代同治十二年(1873年)至光緒八年(1882)時所(suo)重修(xiu)。整座文(wen)廟建筑(zhu)規劃合(he)理,結(jie)構科學,排水迅(xun)速、房屋裝修(xiu)藝術的地方風(feng)格、民(min)族(zu)風(feng)格十分濃烈。體現了古代勞動人們(men)的聰明(ming)才智和創造力。1996年11月,經國(guo)務(wu)院公(gong)布為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。
歷史
寧遠文(wen)廟歷史上(shang)曾多次(ci)進行修(xiu)繕(shan)。明代洪武二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1369)、永樂十七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(1419)至成(cheng)化(hua)十一年(nian)(nian)(1475)、嘉(jia)靖十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(1536)、嘉(jia)靖二(er)十六年(nian)(nian)(1547)數次(ci)重修(xiu);清(qing)代康(kang)熙七(qi)年(nian)(nian)(1668)至二(er)十年(nian)(nian)(1681)、乾隆(long)三十三年(nian)(nian)(1768)兩次(ci)重修(xiu)。清(qing)同治十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(1873),縣人(ren)黃習溶因軍功被(bei)清(qing)朝(chao)遷授(shou)四品頂戴,為振興人(ren)文(wen),捐(juan)銀倡修(xiu)文(wen)廟,籌集白銀六萬(wan)余(yu)兩,歷十個冬春,于光緒八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(1882)竣(jun)工,成(cheng)為當時“湖湘之最大(da)”文(wen)廟。
近代,教(jiao)(jiao)育的(de)普(pu)及,文(wen)廟(miao)推動學校的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)育功能,被(bei)(bei)辟作(zuo)“民眾(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)育圖(tu)書館”。1926年(nian)(nian),第一次(ci)國內(nei)革命戰爭(zheng)時(shi)期,文(wen)廟(miao)被(bei)(bei)作(zuo)縣農運的(de)中(zhong)心,成(cheng)了(le)農會、工(gong)會的(de)辦(ban)公地點,后又在廟(miao)內(nei)先后辦(ban)了(le)平民女子(zi)習藝(yi)工(gong)廠、縣立女子(zi)高等小(xiao)學等。1937年(nian)(nian),日寇進逼長沙,省(sheng)會湖南私立育群中(zhong)學(長沙市八中(zhong))遷(qian)來寧遠,占用文(wen)廟(miao)作(zuo)校舍,直至1951年(nian)(nian)遷(qian)出。隨后,文(wen)廟(miao)被(bei)(bei)占作(zuo)縣直屬糧(liang)庫的(de)糧(liang)倉。直到1959年(nian)(nian)文(wen)廟(miao)定為省(sheng)級文(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護單(dan)位,糧(liang)倉才遷(qian)出。
1959年3月,省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化廳撥款(kuan)3000元,對鄉賢、名宦兩(liang)祠(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了(le)簡單(dan)的(de)(de)裝修,縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化館(guan)及縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化藝(yi)術(shu)學(xue)校遷入文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟,鄉賢祠(ci)改作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)圖書室(shi),名宦祠(ci)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)藝(yi)學(xue)校的(de)(de)辦公及教(jiao)師、女生(sheng)(sheng)住(zhu)房(fang)(fang),西(xi)廡作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)教(jiao)室(shi),當時(shi)大(da)成殿的(de)(de)廒倉尚(shang)未(wei)來得及拆遷,作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)藝(yi)校的(de)(de)男(nan)生(sheng)(sheng)宿舍(she)。后(hou)(hou)來男(nan)宿舍(she)搬(ban)到二中建在文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟后(hou)(hou)園(yuan)內(nei)的(de)(de)一棟平房(fang)(fang)里。文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟外(wai)園(yuan)東(dong)邊圍墻(qiang)一帶(dai),則被(bei)縣(xian)發(fa)電廠占(zhan)用(yong),電廠在圍墻(qiang)上挖了(le)兩(liang)個大(da)洞(dong),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)門,墻(qiang)外(wai)蓋起(qi)了(le)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)房(fang)(fang),南邊照壁(bi)下搭(da)建了(le)廠棚(peng),堆(dui)放燃料(當時(shi)以(yi)木柴作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)燃料燒鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu))。這期間,盡管文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟先后(hou)(hou)被(bei)各機(ji)關、學(xue)校、倉庫占(zhan)用(yong),但均未(wei)開前門,來文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化館(guan)借書的(de)(de)讀(du)者,也(ye)只能從東(dong)側騰蛟門進入,仍然是封閉狀態。
1963年10月,省(sheng)撥款5萬元(yuan)整修文廟屋面,防滲(shen)治漏,保護和延長這處古建筑的使用(yong)壽命。
1966年(nian),“文(wen)化(hua)大革命”開(kai)始后(hou),文(wen)廟(miao)首當“破四舊”之沖,一批造反的(de)“紅(hong)衛兵(bing)”沖進文(wen)廟(miao),半天內砸毀文(wen)廟(miao)精美石(shi)雕達48處,精美的(de)石(shi)雕受到摧殘,并準備下午來(lai)(lai)卸瓦拆(chai)房,后(hou)來(lai)(lai),據說是(shi)為首的(de)紅(hong)衛兵(bing)“頭頭”回家后(hou)肚疼不止(zhi),又遭(zao)其(qi)母責(ze)罵(ma),才沒有(you)率隊再來(lai)(lai),避免了一場滅頂之災。
1967年,縣文化系(xi)統“造反派(pai)”為(wei)緊(jin)跟“大(da)好形(xing)勢”,表現自己是革命群眾組織,將兩側廂房辟作展廳(ting),用(yong)膠合板封上(shang)大(da)成門的(de)浮釘(ding),寫上(shang)毛(mao)主(zhu)(zhu)席手體詩(shi)詞,在照壁上(shang)開了(le)可供汽(qi)車進出的(de)大(da)門,園(yuan)內(nei)立(li)滿了(le)水泥預制(zhi)板語錄(lu)牌,拆除大(da)成殿的(de)孔子神龕、皇帝(di)題匾(bian)。以毛(mao)澤東歷史照片為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要內(nei)容,把文廟命名(ming)為(wei)“毛(mao)澤東同(tong)志光學(xue)形(xing)象敬仰館”。
1973年(nian)(nian)(nian),國務院(yuan)(yuan)再次行文(wen)(wen)(wen),要求各地保護(hu)(hu)(hu)歷(li)史文(wen)(wen)(wen)物,文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)重(zhong)(zhong)新立起了(le)(le)“湖南(nan)省(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei)”的(de)標(biao)志牌。1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,省(sheng)撥款(kuan)3萬元,翻修文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)大(da)成(cheng)殿。1976年(nian)(nian)(nian),文(wen)(wen)(wen)化館、圖(tu)書(shu)館恢復建制,兩單(dan)位(wei)分(fen)別(bie)以文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)作辦公用(yong)房和(he)住(zhu)房,1979年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化局從(cong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)教科中(zhong)分(fen)出建制,借住(zhu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)西廂房辦公。1981年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)撥款(kuan)4.2萬元維修大(da)成(cheng)殿及崇圣祠(ci)。1983年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)人民政府重(zhong)(zhong)新頌文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)為省(sheng)級(ji)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物保護(hu)(hu)(hu)單(dan)位(wei),縣(xian)財政撥款(kuan)1.4萬元為大(da)成(cheng)殿、大(da)成(cheng)門(men)(men)、鄉(xiang)賢名(ming)宦兩祠(ci)重(zhong)(zhong)施油漆。1984年(nian)(nian)(nian),修復“文(wen)(wen)(wen)革(ge)”中(zhong)被封閉的(de)步賢坊(fang),封閉了(le)(le)開(kai)(kai)在(zai)照壁上(shang)的(de)大(da)門(men)(men)。自1982年(nian)(nian)(nian)起,開(kai)(kai)始在(zai)大(da)成(cheng)殿售票參觀,每(mei)票人民幣兩分(fen),后改為五分(fen),并(bing)在(zai)步賢坊(fang)收票,收入(ru)主要用(yong)于(yu)解決文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)內衛生維護(hu)(hu)(hu)支(zhi)出。1985年(nian)(nian)(nian),縣(xian)政府限期拆(chai)遷(qian)了(le)(le)“文(wen)(wen)(wen)革(ge)”中(zhong)建在(zai)步賢坊(fang)門(men)(men)口的(de)水果店。這年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)3月,縣(xian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物管理所正(zheng)(zheng)式成(cheng)立,文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)作為群眾游覽(lan)的(de)場所,正(zheng)(zheng)式開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)。9月,中(zhong)央美術學院(yuan)(yuan)教授周(zhou)令釗(zhao)先(xian)生帶(dai)領九(jiu)名(ming)學生來寧遠采風(feng),對(dui)文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)的(de)高(gao)浮雕鏤孔石雕,作出了(le)(le)可與故宮(gong)太和(he)殿丹墀比美的(de)評價。1987年(nian)(nian)(nian),九(jiu)疑山風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)(sheng)區正(zheng)(zheng)式經省(sheng)人民政府公布,我(wo)們印刷了(le)(le)膠印彩色門(men)(men)票,并(bing)標(biao)上(shang)了(le)(le)九(jiu)疑山風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)(sheng)區游覽(lan)紀念,將(jiang)寧遠文(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)作為九(jiu)疑山風(feng)景(jing)(jing)名(ming)勝(sheng)(sheng)區的(de)旅游景(jing)(jing)點(dian),對(dui)外(wai)宣傳和(he)對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)。1989年(nian)(nian)(nian),省(sheng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物局撥款(kuan)2萬元,我(wo)們修復了(le)(le)大(da)成(cheng)殿木質(zhi)頁子門(men)(men),縣(xian)財政撥款(kuan)1萬元,在(zai)大(da)成(cheng)殿重(zhong)(zhong)塑了(le)(le)孔子座像。
自1987年,縣圖書館開(kai)始(shi)遷(qian)(qian)出(chu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)起,占用文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)的老年人體協活動中心、縣文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)局陸(lu)續外遷(qian)(qian),至1989年冬已全(quan)部遷(qian)(qian)出(chu)。為了加強安全(quan)保衛(wei)與售票參觀,占用文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)后園(yuan)的縣文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)館也另辟大門出(chu)入,不再由文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)進(jin)出(chu),文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)(miao)開(kai)始(shi)向專(zhuan)供游覽的景點過渡(du)。
1995年8月6日,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)建設部(bu)(bu)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)局的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)建專家(jia)鄭孝燮、羅(luo)哲文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)先生來寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)考察(cha),被寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)精美壯觀的(de)(de)(de)石雕龍鳳柱群所吸引,留連忘返(fan),贊不絕口稱其為“不愧國(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”。1996年11月21日,國(guo)(guo)(guo)務院正式行文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)公布寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)為第(di)四(si)批(pi)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)保護單位,同年,《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)報》刊登了(le)我的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)章《中南(nan)最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)孔廟(miao)——寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)》,寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)正式通(tong)過國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級媒體走(zou)向海內外。嗣后,臺灣喜(xi)義市崇(chong)圣博物(wu)(wu)(wu)館又發行了(le)明(ming)信片《寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)大(da)成殿》的(de)(de)(de)照片。1997年,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)建設部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)(wu)局聯合編撰的(de)(de)(de)大(da)型文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)獻性(xing)圖書《中國(guo)(guo)(guo)風景名勝大(da)觀》(古(gu)跡券)收入寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)照片。此書由國(guo)(guo)(guo)際文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)出(chu)(chu)版公司出(chu)(chu)版,并向各國(guo)(guo)(guo)駐華(hua)使(shi)館贈(zeng)送和向海外發行。寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)作為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)著(zhu)名名勝古(gu)跡,由國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)主管部(bu)(bu)門和出(chu)(chu)版機構(gou)推向世界。每(mei)年接待游客逐年遞增。英國(guo)(guo)(guo)、加拿大(da)、日本等國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)一些學(xue)者訪問了(le)寧(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)廟(miao)。
建筑
寧遠文(wen)廟建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布局(ju)(ju)十分規范,建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)采用前園后(hou)(hou)院中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)式排列(lie)。主(zhu)次分明,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)思線(xian)上(shang)自南至北(bei)有(you)(you)泮(pan)池、極星門(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、啟(qi)圣(sheng)殿(dian),左右兩(liang)側(ce)分別(bie)有(you)(you)登圣(sheng)坊(fang)、步賢(xian)坊(fang)、騰(teng)蛟門(men)(men)、起(qi)(qi)鳳門(men)(men)、名(ming)宦(huan)祠(ci)(ci)、鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、明倫(lun)(lun)堂(今教室)、尊(zun)經(jing)閣(ge)(圖書室)等建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)恢宏典雅,園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)風荷滿池,游魚可數(shu),綠樹掩映(ying),鳥語花香,院內廊(lang)坊(fang)相連,曲回(hui)環繞,清靜幽雅。[1] 寧遠文(wen)廟座北(bei)朝南,東(dong)西寬60.2米,南北(bei)長170.8米。占地10282平方米。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)采用中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)式布局(ju)(ju),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)上(shang)自南至北(bei)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)分別(bie)為照壁(bi)、泮(pan)池、欞星門(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、崇圣(sheng)祠(ci)(ci);兩(liang)側(ce)對(dui)稱(cheng)(cheng)式排列(lie)著登圣(sheng)坊(fang)、步賢(xian)坊(fang)、騰(teng)蛟門(men)(men)、起(qi)(qi)鳳門(men)(men)、鄉賢(xian)祠(ci)(ci)、名(ming)宦(huan)祠(ci)(ci)、東(dong)西廡、尊(zun)經(jing)閣(ge)、明倫(lun)(lun)堂建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)門(men)(men)及鄉賢(xian)、名(ming)宦(huan)兩(liang)祠(ci)(ci)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)相連形成(cheng)(cheng)一道東(dong)西屏障,將文(wen)廟分隔成(cheng)(cheng)前園與后(hou)(hou)院兩(liang)進院落,園中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)池映(ying)風荷,綠樹扶蔭(yin),欞星門(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)坊(fang)峙立,一派中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)園林景(jing)色(se);院內建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),曲廊(lang)環回(hui)將東(dong)西廡、大(da)(da)成(cheng)(cheng)殿(dian)、尊(zun)經(jing)閣(ge)、明倫(lun)(lun)堂、崇圣(sheng)祠(ci)(ci)連接在一起(qi)(qi),為典型的(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)四合院式建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)是(shi)寧遠文(wen)廟建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)裝飾的(de)(de)特色(se),它(ta)不僅擁(yong)有(you)(you)全國(guo)古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)唯一的(de)(de)龍鳳石(shi)(shi)柱群(qun)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao),還有(you)(you)月(yue)臺(tai)圍欄(lan)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、丹陛石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、欞星門(men)(men)石(shi)(shi)坊(fang)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao),及三對(dui)立獅石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao),這些石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)工藝手法囊(nang)括了高浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、鏤孔、淺浮雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)、線(xian)刻(ke)等,工藝精湛,造型生(sheng)動,線(xian)條柔和。壯觀(guan)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)與朱(zhu)梁(liang)黃瓦的(de)(de)宮殿(dian)式建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)相映(ying)生(sheng)輝(hui)。