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簡介

青龍山恐龍蛋化石群國(guo)家級自(zi)然保護區(qu)位于湖北(bei)省鄖縣境內，地(di)(di)處漢江(jiang)中(zhong)上(shang)游秦巴山區(qu)，史有(you)“鄂之(zhi)屏障(zhang)，陜之(zhi)咽喉(hou)，蜀之(zhi)外局”之(zhi)稱，其東枕道教圣地(di)(di)武當(dang)山，西傍長江(jiang)最大(da)的(de)支流(liu)漢江(jiang)。地(di)(di)理(li)坐標東經110°42′50″－110°48′42″，北(bei)緯(wei)32°47′30″－32°49′40″，總(zong)面積約45平(ping)方千米(mi)。209國(guo)道、襄渝鐵路及(ji)在建(jian)的(de)銀（銀川）武（武漢）高速公(gong)路穿梭(suo)其間，交通便利，區(qu)位優越。氣(qi)候(hou)屬北(bei)亞熱帶溫濕氣(qi)候(hou)，四季分(fen)明；年(nian)降(jiang)雨量300－915毫米(mi)，其中(zhong)7、8、9三個月雨量最多；年(nian)最高氣(qi)溫40℃，最低氣(qi)溫－10℃，年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫15℃－16℃，年(nian)無霜期240天。

青龍山保護區位于(yu)秦(qin)嶺褶皺帶東端，從(cong)晉寧運動開始，境內地層受到多(duo)次構(gou)造作用(yong)和熱變質(zhi)作用(yong)影響，形(xing)成了一些復(fu)雜的構(gou)造變形(xing)變質(zhi)作用(yong)產物，留下了許(xu)多(duo)險(xian)崖陡壁，峽(xia)谷峭峰(feng)，境內溪流、瀑(pu)布(bu)、奇(qi)花異草(cao)、自然洞(dong)天眾多(duo)。由于(yu)長期風化剝蝕，區內為(wei)低山丘陵地貌，平均(jun)海(hai)拔220m左右，相對高(gao)差50m左右。這里保留有18億多(duo)年滄海(hai)桑田變遷(qian)的紀(ji)錄(lu)，留下了許(xu)多(duo)內涵豐富、罕(han)見奇(qi)特、典型(xing)多(duo)樣的地質(zhi)遺跡。這里群(qun)峰(feng)競秀、物華天寶、人杰地靈(ling)，被譽為(wei)華夏民族的發祥(xiang)地之(zhi)一，漢(han)文化的搖籃，是久負盛(sheng)名的“恐龍之(zhi)鄉”。

青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)由臥龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)、紅寨子、青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)、土廟(miao)嶺(ling)、磨石(shi)溝、莊溝等化石(shi)群(qun)組(zu)成，賦存在晚白(bai)堊紀地層(ceng)的(de)粉紅色砂礫巖(yan)中(zhong)(zhong)，距今約6500—13500萬(wan)年。在保護區(qu)紅寨子北坡(po)、土廟(miao)嶺(ling)區(qu)可(ke)見(jian)到6個(ge)產蛋(dan)層(ceng)，除在個(ge)別層(ceng)位只見(jian)到恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)殼化石(shi)碎(sui)片(pian)外，絕大部分層(ceng)位的(de)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)均保持較原始的(de)成窩(wo)狀(zhuang)態。化石(shi)的(de)主要形(xing)(xing)態有(you)卵球形(xing)(xing)、球形(xing)(xing)、扁球形(xing)(xing)等，蛋(dan)殼顏色有(you)褐、暗(an)褐、灰白(bai)色三種，分別屬于五個(ge)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)科(ke)：樹枝蛋(dan)科(ke)、網狀(zhuang)蛋(dan)科(ke)、蜂窩(wo)蛋(dan)科(ke)、棱齒龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)科(ke)、圓形(xing)(xing)蛋(dan)科(ke)，其中(zhong)(zhong)樹枝蛋(dan)科(ke)分布最(zui)廣、數量(liang)最(zui)多(duo)(duo)，約占70%。青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)具有(you)數量(liang)和種類(lei)多(duo)(duo)，分布集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)、埋藏淺、原始狀(zhuang)態保存較好的(de)特點，發現最(zui)多(duo)(duo)的(de)一窩(wo)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)多(duo)(duo)達(da)61枚，舉世罕見(jian)。

歷史沿革

青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群1995年(nian)發現(xian)后，當年(nian)8月，鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)民政府批準在“柳陂(po)鎮(zhen)青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)、紅寨(zhai)子恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)產(chan)(chan)出地(di)設立(li)縣(xian)(xian)級地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區”。1996年(nian)8月，十(shi)堰市人(ren)民政府將(jiang)鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)柳陂(po)鎮(zhen)青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群產(chan)(chan)地(di)列(lie)為市級地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區。1997年(nian)1月，湖北省人(ren)民政府批準在鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群產(chan)(chan)地(di)建(jian)立(li)省級地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)(ji)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區，歸口省地(di)礦廳管理。2001年(nian)6月，國(guo)務(wu)院批準設立(li)“湖北青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護區”。2005年(nian)8月，以青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群地(di)質(zhi)景觀為主(zhu)，整(zheng)合鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)其它地(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)(yi)跡(ji)(ji)資源的鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)(xian)國(guo)家(jia)地(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園通過國(guo)土資源部評審(shen)。

地質地貌

青龍(long)山恐(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石(shi)群(qun)自(zi)然(ran)保護區青龍(long)山恐(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石(shi)群(qun)自(zi)然(ran)保護區位于鄖縣盆(pen)地西緣，海拔(ba)約220米(mi)，相對高差50米(mi)。區內出露地層主要(yao)為中元古武當群(qun)、白堊系(xi)(xi)上統、第四系(xi)(xi)。其中白堊系(xi)(xi)上統角(jiao)砂巖、含角(jiao)礫的粉砂巖和細砂巖為恐(kong)龍(long)蛋化(hua)石(shi)產蛋地層，其可(ke)分為上、中、下三個部分：

1.下(xia)部(bu)巖(yan)性，自下(xia)而上主要(yao)為(wei)角(jiao)礫巖(yan)、含(han)(han)角(jiao)礫粉砂巖(yan)，該層厚度為(wei)2－15米。在含(han)(han)角(jiao)礫的粉砂巖(yan)和細砂巖(yan)中，產豐富的恐龍化石和蛋(dan)殼化石碎片；

2.中部巖(yan)性，主要為礫(li)巖(yan)、砂(sha)質礫(li)巖(yan)、泥質礫(li)巖(yan)、含(han)(han)礫(li)砂(sha)巖(yan)、含(han)(han)礫(li)粉砂(sha)巖(yan)及含(han)(han)礫(li)泥巖(yan)，且在垂向上(shang)呈頻繁交互出現，該層厚(hou)度可達74米；

3.上部(bu)巖性(xing)，底部(bu)為(wei)一巨(ju)厚層灰質(zhi)礫巖，其(qi)上為(wei)中細粒石英砂巖、粉砂巖。三部(bu)分巖性(xing)組(zu)合的變化反映了(le)白堊系上統自下而(er)上粒度總體由粗變細的規律(lv)。

恐龍蛋化石群

位(wei)于湖北省十(shi)堰市和鄖縣(xian)縣(xian)城之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)柳陂(po)鎮青(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)，面(mian)積約4平(ping)方公(gong)里，距(ju)今(jin)六(liu)千萬(wan)年(nian)——八千萬(wan)年(nian)左(zuo)右。該(gai)化(hua)石群東距(ju)縣(xian)城約12公(gong)里，南距(ju)十(shi)堰市區(qu)(qu)18公(gong)里。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)質大學（武漢(han)）有(you)關課題組96年(nian)2月提交的(de)(de)(de)《湖北省鄖縣(xian)青(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)白堊紀地(di)(di)(di)層、恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石及(ji)其地(di)(di)(di)質遺跡保(bao)(bao)護初步研究報(bao)告》和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)古生物學會秘書(shu)長李風麟(lin)教授等專(zhuan)家考察研究，青(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石具有(you)以下(xia)基本特(te)點： 數量(liang)(liang)大。地(di)(di)(di)表可(ke)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石或蛋坑(keng)有(you)2000個。在分布最(zui)集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)腹地(di)(di)(di)青(qing)龍(long)(long)山(shan)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)約6萬(wan)平(ping)方米范圍內，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)貯存的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石更(geng)多(duo)。 埋藏淺。產(chan)蛋地(di)(di)(di)層大多(duo)已露(lu)出(chu)接近地(di)(di)(di)表，稍加揭(jie)露(lu)即可(ke)見(jian)到在窩(wo)成片完整的(de)(de)(de)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石，對研究、開(kai)發(fa)均有(you)利。 種(zhong)類(lei)多(duo)。目前國(guo)(guo)際(ji)報(bao)導發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)8個恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋科，國(guo)(guo)內報(bao)導發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)7個恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋科中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，在該(gai)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)現有(you)5個科，且(qie)本區(qu)(qu)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)石和科中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)數的(de)(de)(de)屬種(zhong)為(wei)首次所見(jian)。 分布集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。蛋化(hua)石密集程(cheng)度高，在地(di)(di)(di)層剖(pou)面(mian)上產(chan)蛋層位(wei)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)2-6層，且(qie)層位(wei)比(bi)較(jiao)穩定，僅(jin)土廟嶺分布有(you)5層，同一(yi)(yi)層位(wei)蛋窩(wo)間(jian)距(ju)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)3-5米，最(zui)密處不足3米，每(mei)窩(wo)蛋的(de)(de)(de)數量(liang)(liang)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)10個左(zuo)右，最(zui)多(duo)可(ke)見(jian)25個。 保(bao)(bao)存完好(hao)。化(hua)石及(ji)區(qu)(qu)內地(di)(di)(di)貌保(bao)(bao)存較(jiao)完整，基本保(bao)(bao)存了原始成窩(wo)狀態，地(di)(di)(di)質信息相(xiang)當豐(feng)富。

保護價值

鄖(yun)(yun)縣青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)群是繼河南(nan)西峽恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)之(zhi)后的(de)又一重(zhong)大(da)發現(xian)，海外(wai)報刊驚嘆青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)“全球(qiu)(qiu)最完整、規模超西峽”。地(di)(di)(di)(di)質專家聲稱(cheng)：“這一罕見的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質遺跡是地(di)(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)(qiu)漫長地(di)(di)(di)(di)質歷史(shi)時期，由(you)于各種內(nei)(nei)外(wai)動力地(di)(di)(di)(di)質作用，形成、發展(zhan)并遺留下來的(de)珍(zhen)貴(gui)的(de)、不可再生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)質自然遺產(chan)”。 鄖(yun)(yun)縣青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)以其獨(du)特之(zhi)處為國內(nei)(nei)外(wai)研究恐龍(long)(long)(long)生(sheng)(sheng)活習性(xing)、繁殖方(fang)式及(ji)當(dang)時的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)提供(gong)了十(shi)分珍(zhen)貴(gui)的(de)實(shi)物證據，對研究古地(di)(di)(di)(di)理、古氣候、地(di)(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)(qiu)的(de)演變、生(sheng)(sheng)物的(de)進化，對探討(tao)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)(shi)的(de)系統分類(lei)與演化、對探索(suo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)(qiu)上恐龍(long)(long)(long)大(da)批死亡、滅絕(jue)原因(yin)具(ju)有(you)十(shi)分重(zhong)要的(de)科學價(jia)值。

管理現狀

青龍(long)(long)山(shan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區成立(li)(li)以來，各級政(zheng)府和(he)(he)主管部(bu)門高度(du)重視保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)開(kai)發工(gong)作(zuo)，通過(guo)爭取地(di)質遺跡保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)經費和(he)(he)自籌(chou)、招(zhao)商引資等(deng)方(fang)式，目前已修(xiu)建(jian)高2.7米(mi)(mi)(mi)、總長629米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)封閉式圍墻，將核(he)(he)心區24555平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石(shi)實(shi)(shi)施封閉保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)；架(jia)起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)一長100米(mi)(mi)(mi)、寬6米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)太陽板防風化(hua)(hua)棚，防止核(he)(he)心區已裸露的(de)(de)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石(shi)風化(hua)(hua)；開(kai)通了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)排水(shui)溝和(he)(he)人行通道；建(jian)起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)地(di)質遺跡防護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)欄(lan)；樹立(li)(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區界碑。2007年(nian)6月，裝飾一新的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區綜合樓竣工(gong)并(bing)交付使(shi)用(yong)；保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區管護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人員(yuan)得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)，辦公、交通、通訊設施也得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)較大改善(shan)。另外，修(xiu)建(jian)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)從209國道通往保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區的(de)(de)5千米(mi)(mi)(mi)水(shui)泥公路；在核(he)(he)心區建(jian)立(li)(li)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)崗哨和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)陳列(lie)室；制作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)恐(kong)龍(long)(long)模型。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區管理的(de)(de)人、財、物(wu)基本得(de)(de)到(dao)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)區內自然(ran)環境得(de)(de)到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)(le)(le)改善(shan)，地(di)質遺跡保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職能充分(fen)發揮(hui)。

青龍(long)山保護區重視科研工作，開展了(le)1:10000地質與(yu)生態環境(jing)調(diao)查(cha)、1:500地質景觀詳細調(diao)查(cha)、產(chan)蛋地層調(diao)查(cha)、恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化石類型鑒定(ding)等(deng)基礎性地質工作，提交了(le)《湖(hu)北鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)青龍(long)山一(yi)帶(dai)晚(wan)白(bai)堊世地層及(ji)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化石初步研究》、《湖(hu)北鄖(yun)(yun)縣(xian)青龍(long)山一(yi)帶(dai)的晚(wan)白(bai)堊世恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋化石》等(deng)科研論文(wen)。

2005年，以青龍山恐龍蛋化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)為主的(de)鄖(yun)縣(xian)國(guo)家地(di)質公園獲得國(guo)土資源部(bu)批準，它擁有舉(ju)世罕見的(de)恐龍蛋化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)奇觀，同時(shi)這里還出土了單棘(ji)龍、巴克(ke)龍骨骼化(hua)(hua)石，“鄖(yun)縣(xian)人(ren)”頭骨化(hua)(hua)石、梅鋪猿人(ren)牙齒化(hua)(hua)石，每一(yi)次新的(de)發現都(dou)讓世界(jie)為之一(yi)震，這讓鄖(yun)縣(xian)成為古生(sheng)物與(yu)古脊椎動(dong)物研究的(de)理想地(di)。

現(xian)在，保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區搶抓鄖(yun)縣國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)質公(gong)園建設的機(ji)遇，加(jia)強保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區管護(hu)(hu)能(neng)力，制作了《鄖(yun)縣國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)質公(gong)園總(zong)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua)》、《鄖(yun)縣國(guo)家(jia)地(di)(di)質公(gong)園青龍山主題(ti)景區控制性詳細規(gui)劃(hua)》，這兩個規(gui)劃(hua)正(zheng)在逐步實(shi)施之(zhi)中，相(xiang)信通過努力，青龍山恐龍蛋化石群(qun)國(guo)家(jia)級自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區的明天會(hui)更好。

開發前景

青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)開(kai)發前景(jing)十分誘人，以青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)為(wei)主題(ti)涵(han)蓋柳陂(po)農業觀(guan)(guan)光園、恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)湖金砂灣(wan)水上樂園的(de)(de)鄖(yun)陽(yang)地(di)(di)質公(gong)(gong)園己初具規(gui)模。其一，該區(qu)是(shi)(shi)中國唯一一個地(di)(di)質遺(yi)跡類國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，為(wei)青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石群(qun)的(de)(de)開(kai)發利用(yong)創造了(le)(le)條件(jian)。其二(er)，配套設施(shi)日趨完善(shan)。二(er)級公(gong)(gong)路(lu)改造、核心區(qu)封閉(bi)圍墻(qiang)、環形(xing)參觀(guan)(guan)路(lu)線、地(di)(di)質剖(pou)面揭(jie)露(lu)、恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石剝離等工程先后完工，接(jie)待(dai)室(shi)(shi)、影(ying)像室(shi)(shi)、陳列室(shi)(shi)相繼(ji)開(kai)門迎(ying)賓，梅鋪恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)骼(ge)化(hua)(hua)石落戶青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山，為(wei)青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山又增加了(le)(le)一道(dao)亮麗風景(jing)線。形(xing)成了(le)(le)以青(qing)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山、恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)湖、鄖(yun)陽(yang)大成殿、南方猿(yuan)人遺(yi)址(zhi)等觀(guan)(guan)光旅游區(qu)；特別是(shi)(shi)恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)湖上的(de)(de)明珠——金砂灣(wan)水上樂園開(kai)業后，吸引了(le)(le)八方賓朋。其三，區(qu)位優越。該區(qu)交(jiao)通便(bian)利，東靠(kao)鄖(yun)縣漢江斜拉橋8公(gong)(gong)里，南鄰十堰(yan)市區(qu)23公(gong)(gong)里，距青(qing)曲(qu)“南方古猿(yuan)”、“梅鋪猿(yuan)人”遺(yi)址(zhi)和恐(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)骨(gu)骼(ge)化(hua)(hua)石產地(di)(di)僅40—70公(gong)(gong)里，已形(xing)成了(le)(le)集“科研—科普—旅游觀(guan)(guan)光”三位—體(ti)的(de)(de)格(ge)局。