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簡介

青龍(long)山恐龍(long)蛋化石群(qun)國(guo)家級自然(ran)保護區位(wei)于湖北省鄖(yun)縣境內，地(di)(di)處(chu)漢(han)江中(zhong)上游秦巴山區，史(shi)有“鄂(e)之(zhi)(zhi)屏障，陜之(zhi)(zhi)咽喉，蜀之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)局”之(zhi)(zhi)稱，其(qi)東(dong)枕(zhen)道教圣地(di)(di)武(wu)當山，西傍長江最(zui)(zui)大的支流漢(han)江。地(di)(di)理坐標東(dong)經110°42′50″－110°48′42″，北緯32°47′30″－32°49′40″，總(zong)面積約(yue)45平(ping)方千(qian)米。209國(guo)道、襄渝(yu)鐵(tie)路及在建的銀(yin)（銀(yin)川）武(wu)（武(wu)漢(han)）高(gao)速公路穿梭其(qi)間，交通便利，區位(wei)優越。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候屬北亞熱帶溫(wen)濕氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候，四季分(fen)明；年降雨(yu)量300－915毫米，其(qi)中(zhong)7、8、9三(san)個(ge)月雨(yu)量最(zui)(zui)多(duo)；年最(zui)(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)40℃，最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)－10℃，年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)15℃－16℃，年無霜期240天。

青龍山(shan)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)位于(yu)秦嶺褶皺(zhou)帶東端，從晉寧運動開始(shi)，境內(nei)地層受到多(duo)(duo)(duo)次構造作(zuo)用和熱變質(zhi)作(zuo)用影響，形(xing)成了(le)一(yi)些復雜的(de)構造變形(xing)變質(zhi)作(zuo)用產物，留(liu)下(xia)了(le)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)險崖陡(dou)壁，峽谷峭峰，境內(nei)溪流、瀑布、奇(qi)花異草、自然洞天(tian)眾多(duo)(duo)(duo)。由于(yu)長期風化剝(bo)蝕，區(qu)內(nei)為(wei)低山(shan)丘陵(ling)地貌，平均海拔220m左右，相對高(gao)差50m左右。這(zhe)(zhe)里保(bao)(bao)留(liu)有(you)18億多(duo)(duo)(duo)年滄(cang)海桑田變遷的(de)紀錄，留(liu)下(xia)了(le)許多(duo)(duo)(duo)內(nei)涵豐富(fu)、罕見奇(qi)特、典型多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣的(de)地質(zhi)遺(yi)跡。這(zhe)(zhe)里群峰競秀、物華天(tian)寶、人(ren)杰地靈，被譽為(wei)華夏(xia)民族的(de)發祥(xiang)地之(zhi)一(yi)，漢文(wen)化的(de)搖(yao)籃，是久負盛名的(de)“恐龍之(zhi)鄉”。

青龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)由臥龍(long)山(shan)、紅(hong)(hong)寨子、青龍(long)山(shan)、土廟嶺(ling)、磨石(shi)溝、莊溝等(deng)化石(shi)群(qun)組成，賦存(cun)在(zai)晚白堊紀(ji)地層的粉紅(hong)(hong)色(se)砂礫巖中(zhong)，距今約(yue)6500—13500萬年(nian)。在(zai)保護區紅(hong)(hong)寨子北坡、土廟嶺(ling)區可見(jian)到6個(ge)產蛋(dan)(dan)層，除在(zai)個(ge)別層位(wei)只見(jian)到恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)殼化石(shi)碎(sui)片(pian)外(wai)，絕大部分層位(wei)的恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)均保持較原始的成窩(wo)狀(zhuang)態。化石(shi)的主要(yao)形(xing)(xing)態有卵(luan)球形(xing)(xing)、球形(xing)(xing)、扁球形(xing)(xing)等(deng)，蛋(dan)(dan)殼顏色(se)有褐(he)、暗褐(he)、灰(hui)白色(se)三種(zhong)，分別屬于(yu)五個(ge)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)：樹(shu)枝蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)、網狀(zhuang)蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)、蜂窩(wo)蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)、棱齒龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)、圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)，其中(zhong)樹(shu)枝蛋(dan)(dan)科(ke)(ke)分布最(zui)廣、數量最(zui)多(duo)，約(yue)占(zhan)70%。青龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)具有數量和種(zhong)類多(duo)，分布集中(zhong)、埋藏淺、原始狀(zhuang)態保存(cun)較好(hao)的特(te)點，發現(xian)最(zui)多(duo)的一窩(wo)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)多(duo)達61枚，舉世罕見(jian)。

歷史沿革

青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)1995年(nian)發現后，當(dang)年(nian)8月，鄖(yun)縣(xian)(xian)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府批準在“柳陂鎮青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)、紅(hong)寨子恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)產出地(di)(di)設(she)立(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)級地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡保(bao)護(hu)區”。1996年(nian)8月，十(shi)堰市(shi)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府將(jiang)鄖(yun)縣(xian)(xian)柳陂鎮青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)產地(di)(di)列為市(shi)級地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡保(bao)護(hu)區。1997年(nian)1月，湖北省人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府批準在鄖(yun)縣(xian)(xian)青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)產地(di)(di)建(jian)立(li)(li)省級地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡保(bao)護(hu)區，歸口(kou)省地(di)(di)礦廳管理。2001年(nian)6月，國務院批準設(she)立(li)(li)“湖北青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區”。2005年(nian)8月，以(yi)青龍(long)(long)(long)山(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)地(di)(di)質(zhi)景觀為主(zhu)，整合鄖(yun)縣(xian)(xian)其它地(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡資源(yuan)的鄖(yun)縣(xian)(xian)國家地(di)(di)質(zhi)公(gong)園通過國土資源(yuan)部(bu)評(ping)審。

地質地貌

青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)(qun)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)青(qing)龍(long)山(shan)恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)群(qun)(qun)自然保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)位于鄖縣盆(pen)地西緣，海拔(ba)約220米，相(xiang)對高(gao)差50米。區(qu)內出(chu)露地層主(zhu)要為中元古武當群(qun)(qun)、白(bai)堊系上統、第四系。其中白(bai)堊系上統角砂巖、含角礫(li)的粉砂巖和細砂巖為恐(kong)(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化石(shi)產蛋(dan)地層，其可分為上、中、下三個部分：

1.下部巖(yan)性，自下而上主要為角礫巖(yan)、含角礫粉砂(sha)巖(yan)，該層厚度為2－15米。在含角礫的(de)粉砂(sha)巖(yan)和(he)細砂(sha)巖(yan)中，產豐富(fu)的(de)恐龍化(hua)(hua)石和(he)蛋殼化(hua)(hua)石碎片；

2.中部巖(yan)(yan)性(xing)，主要為礫(li)(li)巖(yan)(yan)、砂(sha)質(zhi)礫(li)(li)巖(yan)(yan)、泥(ni)(ni)質(zhi)礫(li)(li)巖(yan)(yan)、含礫(li)(li)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)、含礫(li)(li)粉(fen)砂(sha)巖(yan)(yan)及含礫(li)(li)泥(ni)(ni)巖(yan)(yan)，且(qie)在垂向上呈頻繁交(jiao)互出現，該(gai)層(ceng)厚度可達74米(mi)；

3.上(shang)(shang)部巖(yan)性(xing)，底(di)部為一巨厚層(ceng)灰質礫巖(yan)，其上(shang)(shang)為中(zhong)細粒(li)石英(ying)砂(sha)巖(yan)、粉砂(sha)巖(yan)。三(san)部分巖(yan)性(xing)組合(he)的變化反映了白堊系上(shang)(shang)統自下而(er)上(shang)(shang)粒(li)度總體(ti)由粗變細的規(gui)律。

恐龍蛋化石群

位于湖(hu)北省十堰(yan)市(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)鄖(yun)縣(xian)縣(xian)城之間的(de)(de)柳陂(po)鎮青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)，面積約4平方公(gong)里，距(ju)(ju)今六(liu)千萬(wan)年(nian)——八千萬(wan)年(nian)左(zuo)右。該化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)東距(ju)(ju)縣(xian)城約12公(gong)里，南(nan)距(ju)(ju)十堰(yan)市(shi)(shi)區(qu)(qu)18公(gong)里。據(ju)中國地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)（武漢）有(you)關課題組96年(nian)2月提(ti)交的(de)(de)《湖(hu)北省鄖(yun)縣(xian)青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)一(yi)帶白堊紀(ji)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)及其地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)遺(yi)跡保護初(chu)步(bu)研(yan)究(jiu)報告》和(he)(he)中國古生物學(xue)(xue)會秘書長(chang)李風麟教授(shou)等(deng)專家考察研(yan)究(jiu)，青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)具有(you)以下(xia)基(ji)本(ben)特(te)點(dian)： 數量大(da)(da)。地(di)(di)(di)表可見(jian)的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)或蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)坑有(you)2000個(ge)(ge)(ge)。在分(fen)布(bu)最集(ji)中的(de)(de)腹地(di)(di)(di)青龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)山(shan)一(yi)帶約6萬(wan)平方米(mi)(mi)范圍內，地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)貯(zhu)存(cun)(cun)的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)更多(duo)(duo)。 埋(mai)藏淺。產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)大(da)(da)多(duo)(duo)已露出接(jie)近地(di)(di)(di)表，稍加揭露即可見(jian)到在窩(wo)成片完(wan)整的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)，對研(yan)究(jiu)、開(kai)發(fa)均有(you)利。 種類(lei)多(duo)(duo)。目前國際(ji)報導發(fa)現的(de)(de)8個(ge)(ge)(ge)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科，國內報導發(fa)現的(de)(de)7個(ge)(ge)(ge)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)科中，在該區(qu)(qu)發(fa)現有(you)5個(ge)(ge)(ge)科，且本(ben)區(qu)(qu)恐龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)和(he)(he)科中多(duo)(duo)數的(de)(de)屬種為(wei)首次所見(jian)。 分(fen)布(bu)集(ji)中。蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)密集(ji)程度高，在地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)剖面上產蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)位一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)2-6層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，且層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)位比(bi)較穩定，僅土廟(miao)嶺分(fen)布(bu)有(you)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，同一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)位蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)窩(wo)間距(ju)(ju)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)3-5米(mi)(mi)，最密處不足(zu)3米(mi)(mi)，每窩(wo)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)數量一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)10個(ge)(ge)(ge)左(zuo)右，最多(duo)(duo)可見(jian)25個(ge)(ge)(ge)。 保存(cun)(cun)完(wan)好。化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)及區(qu)(qu)內地(di)(di)(di)貌保存(cun)(cun)較完(wan)整，基(ji)本(ben)保存(cun)(cun)了(le)原始成窩(wo)狀態(tai)，地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)信息相(xiang)當豐富。

保護價值

鄖縣青(qing)龍山恐龍蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)群是繼河(he)南西峽恐龍蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)之后的(de)又一重大(da)發現，海外報刊驚嘆青(qing)龍山恐龍蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)“全球(qiu)最(zui)完整、規模超西峽”。地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)專家聲稱：“這一罕見(jian)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)遺跡(ji)是地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)漫長地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)歷史(shi)時期，由于各種(zhong)內外動(dong)力地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)作用，形(xing)成、發展并遺留下來的(de)珍貴的(de)、不可(ke)再生的(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)(zhi)自然遺產”。 鄖縣青(qing)龍山恐龍蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)以其獨特之處為國(guo)內外研究(jiu)恐龍生活習性、繁(fan)殖方式(shi)及(ji)當(dang)時的(de)生態環境提供了十(shi)分珍貴的(de)實物證據，對研究(jiu)古(gu)地(di)(di)(di)理、古(gu)氣候、地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)的(de)演變、生物的(de)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)，對探討恐龍蛋(dan)(dan)化(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)的(de)系統分類與演化(hua)(hua)、對探索(suo)地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)上恐龍大(da)批死亡、滅絕原因(yin)具(ju)有十(shi)分重要的(de)科(ke)學(xue)價值。

管理現狀

青龍(long)(long)山保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)成立以來(lai)，各級政府(fu)和(he)(he)主管部(bu)門高(gao)(gao)度重視保護(hu)(hu)與開(kai)發工(gong)作(zuo)，通(tong)(tong)過爭取地質遺(yi)(yi)跡保護(hu)(hu)經費和(he)(he)自籌、招商引資等方式(shi)，目前已修建高(gao)(gao)2.7米(mi)、總長629米(mi)的(de)(de)封閉式(shi)圍(wei)墻(qiang)，將核心(xin)區(qu)24555平方米(mi)范圍(wei)內(nei)的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)蛋化石實(shi)施封閉保護(hu)(hu)；架起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)長100米(mi)、寬(kuan)6米(mi)的(de)(de)太陽(yang)板(ban)防風化棚，防止核心(xin)區(qu)已裸露的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)蛋化石風化；開(kai)通(tong)(tong)了(le)(le)(le)排水溝和(he)(he)人行通(tong)(tong)道；建起(qi)了(le)(le)(le)地質遺(yi)(yi)跡防護(hu)(hu)欄(lan)；樹立了(le)(le)(le)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)界碑(bei)。2007年6月，裝飾(shi)一(yi)新的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)綜合樓竣工(gong)并交(jiao)付(fu)使用；保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管護(hu)(hu)人員(yuan)得到了(le)(le)(le)落(luo)實(shi)，辦公(gong)、交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)、通(tong)(tong)訊(xun)設施也得到了(le)(le)(le)較(jiao)大改(gai)善。另外，修建了(le)(le)(le)從209國道通(tong)(tong)往保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)的(de)(de)5千米(mi)水泥公(gong)路；在核心(xin)區(qu)建立了(le)(le)(le)崗(gang)哨和(he)(he)化石陳(chen)列室；制作(zuo)了(le)(le)(le)恐龍(long)(long)模型。保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)管理(li)的(de)(de)人、財、物基本得到落(luo)實(shi)，保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)自然環境得到了(le)(le)(le)改(gai)善，地質遺(yi)(yi)跡保護(hu)(hu)職能充分發揮(hui)。

青龍山(shan)保護區重視科(ke)研工作，開展了1:10000地質(zhi)與(yu)生態環(huan)境(jing)調(diao)查、1:500地質(zhi)景觀詳細調(diao)查、產蛋(dan)地層調(diao)查、恐(kong)(kong)龍蛋(dan)化石類(lei)型鑒定等基礎性地質(zhi)工作，提交了《湖(hu)北鄖(yun)縣青龍山(shan)一(yi)帶晚(wan)白(bai)堊世(shi)地層及恐(kong)(kong)龍蛋(dan)化石初步研究》、《湖(hu)北鄖(yun)縣青龍山(shan)一(yi)帶的晚(wan)白(bai)堊世(shi)恐(kong)(kong)龍蛋(dan)化石》等科(ke)研論文(wen)。

2005年，以青龍(long)山恐(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)群為(wei)主的鄖縣國家(jia)地質公(gong)園獲(huo)得(de)國土(tu)(tu)資源部批準，它擁(yong)有(you)舉世罕見的恐(kong)龍(long)蛋(dan)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)群奇(qi)觀(guan)，同(tong)時這里還出(chu)土(tu)(tu)了(le)單(dan)棘龍(long)、巴克龍(long)骨(gu)骼化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，“鄖縣人”頭(tou)骨(gu)化(hua)石(shi)(shi)、梅鋪(pu)猿人牙(ya)齒化(hua)石(shi)(shi)，每(mei)一(yi)次(ci)新的發現都讓(rang)(rang)世界為(wei)之一(yi)震(zhen)，這讓(rang)(rang)鄖縣成為(wei)古(gu)生物(wu)與古(gu)脊椎(zhui)動物(wu)研究的理想地。

現(xian)在，保護(hu)區搶抓(zhua)鄖(yun)縣(xian)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)公園建設的機遇，加強保護(hu)區管(guan)護(hu)能(neng)力，制(zhi)作了《鄖(yun)縣(xian)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)公園總體規劃(hua)》、《鄖(yun)縣(xian)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)地質(zhi)公園青龍(long)(long)山主題景區控制(zhi)性(xing)詳(xiang)細(xi)規劃(hua)》，這兩(liang)個規劃(hua)正(zheng)在逐(zhu)步實施(shi)之中，相信通過努力，青龍(long)(long)山恐(kong)龍(long)(long)蛋化石群國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)自然保護(hu)區的明天會(hui)更好(hao)。

開發前景

青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)開發(fa)前景十分(fen)誘人，以(yi)青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)為主題涵蓋柳陂農業(ye)觀光園、恐龍(long)湖金(jin)砂灣水上(shang)樂園的鄖陽(yang)地質公(gong)園己初具規模(mo)。其(qi)一(yi)(yi)，該區(qu)(qu)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)個地質遺跡類(lei)國(guo)家(jia)級自(zi)然保護區(qu)(qu)，為青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)恐龍(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石(shi)群(qun)的開發(fa)利(li)用(yong)創造(zao)(zao)了(le)條件。其(qi)二(er)(er)，配(pei)套設(she)施日(ri)趨完善。二(er)(er)級公(gong)路改造(zao)(zao)、核心區(qu)(qu)封閉圍(wei)墻、環形參觀路線(xian)、地質剖面揭露、恐龍(long)蛋化(hua)(hua)石(shi)剝離等(deng)工程先后完工，接(jie)待(dai)室、影像室、陳列室相繼開門(men)迎賓，梅鋪(pu)恐龍(long)骨(gu)骼化(hua)(hua)石(shi)落戶青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，為青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)又(you)增加(jia)了(le)一(yi)(yi)道(dao)亮麗(li)風景線(xian)。形成了(le)以(yi)青龍(long)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、恐龍(long)湖、鄖陽(yang)大成殿、南(nan)方猿(yuan)人遺址(zhi)等(deng)觀光旅游區(qu)(qu)；特別是(shi)恐龍(long)湖上(shang)的明珠——金(jin)砂灣水上(shang)樂園開業(ye)后，吸引(yin)了(le)八(ba)方賓朋。其(qi)三，區(qu)(qu)位(wei)優越。該區(qu)(qu)交通便(bian)利(li)，東靠鄖縣漢江斜拉橋8公(gong)里(li)，南(nan)鄰十堰市區(qu)(qu)23公(gong)里(li)，距青曲“南(nan)方古(gu)猿(yuan)”、“梅鋪(pu)猿(yuan)人”遺址(zhi)和恐龍(long)骨(gu)骼化(hua)(hua)石(shi)產地僅(jin)40—70公(gong)里(li)，已形成了(le)集“科研—科普—旅游觀光”三位(wei)—體的格局。