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湖北五(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)后(hou)河(he)天(tian)門(men)峽位于湖北省(sheng)西南部(bu)神奇北緯30°線上，地屬湖北省(sheng)宜昌市五(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)境(jing)內，距五(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)城20公里(li)，總(zong)面積103.40 平方公里(li)，擴展區(qu)409平方公里(li)。五(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)后(hou)河(he)天(tian)門(men)峽于1985年(nian)3月經(jing)(jing)原宜昌地區(qu)行署批準建立，1988年(nian)6月經(jing)(jing)省(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)批準升格為(wei)省(sheng)級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，2000年(nian)4月經(jing)(jing)國務院批準晉升為(wei)國家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)。五(wu)(wu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)后(hou)河(he)天(tian)門(men)峽是湖北繼神農架之(zhi)后(hou)的第二個(ge)國家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，為(wei)宜昌市唯一(yi)一(yi)個(ge)森林(lin)生(sheng)態系統類(lei)型國家級自(zi)(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，是國家確定的華南虎放歸自(zi)(zi)然項(xiang)目的首選區(qu)域。

后(hou)河(he)天門峽主要(yao)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象為：中(zhong)亞熱帶(dai)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態系統及其(qi)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)多樣性；珍稀(xi)(xi)瀕危野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)資源及其(qi)棲息地，特(te)別是稀(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)珍貴樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群落及華南虎、豹(bao)、黑麂等(deng)(deng)國(guo)際極度瀕危動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)及棲息地；不同自然地帶(dai)的(de)(de)典型自然景(jing)觀(guan)等(deng)(deng)。根(gen)據《中(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)被》的(de)(de)分類(lei)原(yuan)則(ze)，后(hou)河(he)天門峽自然植(zhi)被共(gong)有(you)(you)溫(wen)性針葉林(lin)(lin)、暖性針葉林(lin)(lin)等(deng)(deng)11個植(zhi)被類(lei)型，45個群系49個群叢。現(xian)已查明后(hou)河(he)天門峽內有(you)(you)維管束(shu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)233科852屬2292種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖北省(sheng)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總數(shu)的(de)(de)73%，占(zhan)中(zhong)國(guo)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總數(shu)的(de)(de)33%。屬國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中(zhong)屬國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)珙桐、鐘萼木、銀杏等(deng)(deng)7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)有(you)(you)黃杉、水青(qing)樹(shu)、鵝掌(zhang)楸(qiu)、紅(hong)椿、櫸(ju)樹(shu)等(deng)(deng)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。后(hou)河(he)天門峽內共(gong)有(you)(you)陸生野(ye)生脊椎動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)307種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖北省(sheng)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)47.2%，其(qi)中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)57種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)湖北省(sheng)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)的(de)(de)45.5%。國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅰ級(ji)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)金錢豹(bao)、云豹(bao)、林(lin)(lin)麝、金雕等(deng)(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；國(guo)家(jia)(jia)Ⅱ保(bao)護(hu)(hu)動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)獼猴、黑熊、斑羚、紅(hong)腹錦雞等(deng)(deng)51種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。