大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)(wei)“千(qian)朵蓮花山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,是千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)之(zhi)東(dong)(dong)南邊緣的(de)最(zui)后一座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),與千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)一起(qi)同屬(shu)長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)系。大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)臨大(da)洋河(he),南瀕黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)。由33座山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)組(zu)成,主峰(feng)海(hai)拔337.3米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢雄偉、古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)蒼勁(jing),宛如黃(huang)(huang)海(hai)之(zhi)濱一顆璀璨的(de)明珠。因為(wei)(wei)聳立在(zai)濱海(hai)的(de)平闊大(da)野之(zhi)上(shang),顯得格外高(gao)大(da)險(xian)峻,從而得名(ming)大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又因為(wei)(wei)兩峰(feng)并(bing)立,形如駱駝雙峰(feng),又名(ming)橐(tuo)駝峰(feng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)景點(dian)繁多,歷史悠(you)久(jiu),素有(you):水底(di)洞天、怒(nu)濤海(hai)市、海(hai)島漁舟(zhou)、鴿洞云深、東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)松濤、西嶺松濤、孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)圣(sheng)水、峭壁石(shi)人八大(da)景之(zhi)稱。這里(li)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水、海(hai)島濕地、古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)古(gu)(gu)廟(miao)構(gou)成一幅天然美景。古(gu)(gu)人曾這樣贊美大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan):“石(shi)筍凌云插(cha)碧霄,巍巍佛寺依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)椒,洋河(he)岸曲(qu)盤(pan)古(gu)(gu)鎮,峰(feng)逼瀾回(hui)怒(nu)晚潮”。
大(da)孤山古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群是與沈陽故宮(gong)(gong)并為(wei)遼寧省規(gui)模較大(da)、現(xian)存(cun)保護(hu)最具完整的兩大(da)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群之(zhi)一(yi)。根據《圣水宮(gong)(gong)記》碑(bei)文(wen)記載:“圣水宮(gong)(gong),原(yuan)名(ming)望海寺,傳系唐代古(gu)(gu)剎(cha)。”到了明代末年,殿(dian)宇荒廢,僅存(cun)基垣。現(xian)有的廟(miao)(miao)堂都是清乾隆年間(jian)以后建(jian)(jian)造的。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群占(zhan)地(di)(di)一(yi)萬多平方米,建(jian)(jian)筑面積達五千多平方米,分為(wei)上(shang)廟(miao)(miao)群、下廟(miao)(miao)群、古(gu)(gu)戲(xi)樓三(san)(san)部分,一(yi)條(tiao)中軸線貫穿其中,整個布局呈繁體(ti)“壽”字形。古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑群集古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑藝術之(zhi)大(da)成,展遼東地(di)(di)區人文(wen)景觀(guan)之(zhi)大(da)觀(guan),是集佛(fo)、道、儒三(san)(san)教文(wen)化(hua)于一(yi)體(ti),堪(kan)稱東北地(di)(di)區一(yi)處聞名(ming)遐(xia)邇的旅游勝地(di)(di)。
大孤山(shan)古建(jian)筑群(qun)位于南(nan)山(shan)腰處,是遼寧現存(cun)較完整(zheng)的“佛、道、儒”三教合一(yi)的大型古剎,相傳始建(jian)于唐代(dai),經歷代(dai)修葺(qi),已有(you)一(yi)千多年的歷史。現存(cun)廟宇為清代(dai)中晚期建(jian)筑,是省級(ji)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護單位。
大孤山古建筑群(qun)是(shi)合上廟、下廟、戲樓為(wei)一(yi)體的古建筑群(qun)。由天后(hou)宮以及十多個(ge)宮、殿(dian)、戲樓、石佛塔(ta)和觀(guan)海亭組(zu)成,其磚雕藝(yi)術遠(yuan)近馳名(ming)。其樓、閣、宮、殿(dian)、亭、臺(tai),隨山就勢成階層式(shi)院(yuan)落,布局(ju)緊湊,錯(cuo)落有(you)(you)致,造形完(wan)美、線條流暢(chang),工藝(yi)精湛(zhan);集(ji)南(nan)、北建筑藝(yi)術之(zhi)特色,是(shi)自然景觀(guan)和人(ren)文景觀(guan)的結合體,具有(you)(you)重要的藝(yi)術研究價值。其中(zhong),天后(hou)宮為(wei)中(zhong)國唐代最大的媽祖殿(dian)堂(tang)。
古建筑群整體(ti)建筑,組成一個巨(ju)大的(de)繁體(ti)“壽”字。登觀海亭遠眺,古鎮風光盡收眼底(di)。海上波濤起(qi)伏,風帆出(chu)沒,蔚為壯(zhuang)觀,獐、鹿二島,歷歷在目(mu)。時有(you)海霧(wu)煙波,山水蒼茫,如入畫(hua)中,別饒(rao)情趣。詩人有(you)曰:“曲水帶(dai)之歸海去,亂(luan)花隨雨落巖來(lai)。”
大(da)(da)(da)孤山《紅(hong)樓夢(meng)》誕生的(de)(de)地方(fang),上廟(miao)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)《紅(hong)樓夢(meng)》中(zhong)的(de)(de)櫳翠庵,你(ni)從古韻向上望去(qu)真(zhen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)孤山的(de)(de)一(yi)扇窗戶(hu),曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)比喻(yu)的(de)(de)十(shi)分恰當。還有屋脊崖(無稽崖)里(li)的(de)(de)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)家堡,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)在《紅(hong)樓夢(meng)》中(zhong)名之蘆雪(xue)廠,更是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)絲(si)不差。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)家堡曹(cao)(cao)(cao)大(da)(da)(da)漢真(zhen)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)的(de)(de)親宗,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)后裔。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)雪(xue)芹(qin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)六十(shi)四代孫,曹(cao)(cao)(cao)大(da)(da)(da)漢是(shi)(shi)(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)六十(shi)三代孫,今天不但有《紅(hong)樓夢(meng)》歷史(shi)文獻證(zheng)明,更有曹(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)DNA證(zheng)明。
大孤(gu)山山上古(gu)(gu)木參(can)天,巨(ju)柞銀杏,夾(jia)道成蔭,生(sheng)長著松、柏(bo)、槐、楊、柞、楓、柳、榆(yu)、皂(zao)角、連翹、鵝兒櫪、法桐、臘樹(shu)等(deng)上百種樹(shu)木。丁香、玫瑰、杜鵑、櫻(ying)花等(deng)灌木種類繁多(duo),到處可(ke)見。300年(nian)以上的(de)古(gu)(gu)樹(shu)有2000多(duo)株,構成了層次(ci)分(fen)明的(de)森林景觀,被列為國家級森林公(gong)園。其中上廟的(de)兩棵古(gu)(gu)銀杏樹(shu)系唐代僧人(ren)(ren)修建“望(wang)海寺”時所植,距今1200余年(nian),樹(shu)高20多(duo)米,胸徑1.5米,至今仍枝繁葉茂。山上的(de)圣水宮(gong)峭壁涌泉(quan),即使是(shi)炎夏盛暑,泉(quan)水仍清涼宜人(ren)(ren)。
小島景區又稱(cheng)小島子,距孤山(shan)鎮約(yue)15公里(li),東西長3.5公里(li),南北寬1.5公里(li),是孤山(shan)的延伸部分。由(you)大(da)小14個島嶼和(he)半島組成。其中六個較大(da)的島嶼已(yi)由(you)10條海(hai)堤聯成一體,并有公路相通。小島南側的前陽海(hai)灘是一處天然的海(hai)水(shui)浴場。小島周(zhou)圍海(hai)域物(wu)產豐富,尤以對蝦養殖(zhi)著名。
大鹿島
大鹿島(dao)是遼寧省大孤山風景(jing)名勝區(qu)的(de)重要組成部(bu)分,位于東(dong)(dong)港市孤山鎮(zhen)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)19.3海(hai)(hai)里的(de)黃(huang)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)面上,四(si)面環海(hai)(hai),西海(hai)(hai)域(yu)與(yu)(yu)莊(zhuang)河、大連(lian)相(xiang)連(lian),東(dong)(dong)海(hai)(hai)域(yu)與(yu)(yu)大東(dong)(dong)港、丹(dan)東(dong)(dong)鴨綠江融匯(hui),與(yu)(yu)南(nan)北(bei)朝鮮相(xiang)望(wang)。大鹿島(dao)與(yu)(yu)孤山鎮(zhen)和小(xiao)島(dao)間有(you)水(shui)路(lu)相(xiang)通。東(dong)(dong)西長約(yue)4公(gong)(gong)里,南(nan)北(bei)寬約(yue)1.5公(gong)(gong)里,景(jing)區(qu)面積(ji)約(yue)30平方公(gong)(gong)里,陸域(yu)面積(ji)約(yue)6.6平方公(gong)(gong)里,大鹿島(dao)附近有(you)當年“中日(ri)甲午海(hai)(hai)戰(zhan)”遺址。
大鹿島(dao)氣候(hou)適宜,冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑。島(dao)前有360萬平方米的天(tian)然海(hai)濱浴場,是中(zhong)國黃海(hai)最大的天(tian)然海(hai)濱浴場。大鹿島(dao)是鴨(ya)綠(lv)江口(kou)國家級濕地(di)自(zi)然保護區(qu)的重要組成部分。震(zhen)驚中(zhong)外的甲午黃海(hai)大戰就爆發在大鹿島(dao)海(hai)面,民族英雄“鄧世(shi)昌”及700名將士和(he)“致遠(yuan)號(hao)”艦等4艘戰艦分別犧牲和(he)沉沒在大鹿島(dao)海(hai)面。島(dao)上有鄧世(shi)昌墓和(he)塑像、明(ming)代(dai)戍邊將領毛文(wen)龍碑亭、二郎石、嘎巴棗(zao)樹(shu)、滴水壺、老(lao)虎洞、駱(luo)駝峰、英式導航燈塔(ta)、丹(dan)麥(mai)教(jiao)堂遺(yi)址等多處自(zi)然和(he)人文(wen)景觀。
大(da)(da)鹿島盛產(chan)對蝦(xia)、梭子蟹、雜色蛤(ha)、文蛤(ha)、海螺以及魚(yu)類等百余(yu)種海鮮(xian)(xian),被譽為“海鮮(xian)(xian)的(de)王國”。每(mei)年農歷(li)四月(yue)十八(ba)日,大(da)(da)鹿島上會(hui)舉辦大(da)(da)孤山廟會(hui)。屆時可觀覽當(dang)地民風(feng)民俗。
獐島
獐島是(shi)遼寧省大孤(gu)山風景名(ming)勝區(qu)重要組成部分(fen),位于丹東東港市北井子鎮7海(hai)里(li)的南黃海(hai)海(hai)面之中(zhong),景區(qu)面積(ji)15平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),陸域面積(ji)2平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),是(shi)中(zhong)國萬里(li)海(hai)疆(jiang)的第一座島嶼(yu)。
獐島(dao)(dao)(dao)由一陵(ling)六石宅、四礁(jiao)(jiao)組成,陵(ling)石橫東西,蹲臥兩翼(yi),礁(jiao)(jiao)居其(qi)間,陸域(yu)面積(ji)2平(ping)方公里,居民100多戶,500多人。海(hai)(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)保(bao)留了(le)古老(lao)的漁村。島(dao)(dao)(dao)上有金灘海(hai)(hai)水浴場。獐島(dao)(dao)(dao)山(shan)石犬牙交錯,有老(lao)雕窩、鷹(ying)嘴石、老(lao)豬(zhu)礁(jiao)(jiao)、烏龜砣子,形態逼真,灌木碧野。登島(dao)(dao)(dao)主峰遠眺(tiao)可見大孤(gu)山(shan)。獐島(dao)(dao)(dao)水產(chan)(chan)養殖(zhi)(zhi)十分發達,萬(wan)畝環(huan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)灘涂是水產(chan)(chan)養殖(zhi)(zhi)的理想場所(suo),盛產(chan)(chan)牡蠣、蜆子、螃蟹(xie)、海(hai)(hai)蜇(zhe)等海(hai)(hai)鮮。
大孤山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景(jing)名勝區有八(ba)大奇(qi)觀(guan),分別是“紫液(ye)圣泉”,“半覆(fu)神(shen)殿”,“祖(zu)孫銀杏”,“無(wu)字古碑”,“梨(li)園孤樓”,“第(di)一神(shen)宮”,“無(wu)雙磚(zhuan)雕”,“三(san)教共和”這八(ba)大奇(qi)觀(guan)異彩紛呈,堪稱(cheng)大孤山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景(jing)名勝區的“八(ba)絕”。
古建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,坐北朝(chao)南,地(di)勢(shi)(shi)由(you)南向北,逐漸升高,由(you)此(ci),建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)隨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢(shi)(shi)構筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成階層式(shi)(shi)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布局(ju)緊湊(cou),疏密得宜,鱗次櫛比。殿(dian)院(yuan)(yuan)都(dou)有(you)正殿(dian)和(he)(he)配(pei)殿(dian)作對(dui)稱式(shi)(shi),組成三進(jin)、五(wu)進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo),每進(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)都(dou)有(you)懸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)式(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、三滴(di)水(shui)牌樓(lou)(lou)、月亮門(men)(men)、垂(chui)花(hua)門(men)(men)和(he)(he)圓門(men)(men)等(deng)(deng)(deng)連貫穿(chuan)通,頗(po)有(you)南方(fang)蘇(su)杭式(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格。每個建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)都(dou)座落(luo)在高低不等(deng)(deng)(deng)的石(shi)(shi)臺基上,并有(you)石(shi)(shi)臺階。皆為(wei)青磚灰瓦木架結(jie)構,多(duo)為(wei)硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)七(qi)凜小式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)六架小式(shi)(shi)木構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也有(you)重(zhong)檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屋頂,單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)屋頂,單檐(yan)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、六角(jiao)攢(zan)尖屋頂的小式(shi)(shi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),卷棚硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)單檐(yan)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)大式(shi)(shi)木結(jie)構建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。特(te)別(bie)是戲(xi)樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),采(cai)取了前臉(lian)歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)與后身硬山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)結(jie)合(he)的處理手法,汲(ji)取了我國湖南地(di)方(fang)戲(xi)臺的建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)進(jin)行營(ying)造(zao)。平(ping)板(ban)枋和(he)(he)額枋上下的雀(que)替和(he)(he)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)多(duo)樣(yang)的雕(diao)墩(dun)為(wei)透雕(diao)人(ren)物,游龍(long)、飛鳳、禽鳥、走獸、花(hua)卉等(deng)(deng)(deng)刻(ke)飾(shi),頗(po)具(ju)匠(jiang)心。每門(men)(men)均為(wei)各種欞子的格扇門(men)(men)。屋頂瓦作多(duo)為(wei)合(he)瓦頂,也有(you)筒、板(ban)瓦頂,有(you)蓮花(hua)、獸面三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)勾頭(tou)滴(di)水(shui)。正脊(ji)為(wei)透雕(diao)花(hua)紋式(shi)(shi)脊(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng),有(you)小石(shi)(shi)壘(lei)花(hua)、陶塑(su)龍(long)鳳、疊小瓦脊(ji),配(pei)殿(dian)多(duo)為(wei)清(qing)水(shui)脊(ji)。脊(ji)頂端(duan)塑(su)有(you)大象、寶(bao)瓶、寶(bao)葫蘆和(he)(he)仙人(ren)等(deng)(deng)(deng),兩端(duan)裝飾(shi)龍(long)吻,垂(chui)脊(ji)和(he)(he)戧脊(ji)端(duan)有(you)形(xing)(xing)(xing)態各異(yi)、神(shen)姿生動的垂(chui)獸和(he)(he)跑獸,與建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物協(xie)調一致(zhi),莊重(zhong)美觀。建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物上的磚雕(diao)刻(ke),更是獨具(ju)風(feng)格,到處皆是。磚刻(ke)常置于牌樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)樓(lou)(lou)、門(men)(men)頭(tou)、照(zhao)壁、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)墻、搏風(feng)、墀(chi)頭(tou)、廊心墻等(deng)(deng)(deng),內(nei)容豐富多(duo)彩。有(you)生活起(qi)居、人(ren)物故(gu)事,仙靈鳥獸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)花(hua)卉、幾何圖案、吉祥文字等(deng)(deng)(deng)。一般采(cai)取用浮雕(diao),形(xing)(xing)(xing)神(shen)兼備(bei),雕(diao)工(gong)精致(zhi),頗(po)有(you)巧奪天(tian)工(gong)之感(gan)。
大孤山(shan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群是(shi)清代(dai)中晚期(qi)的(de)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)遺(yi)存,也是(shi)我(wo)省現存下來規模較大、較完整的(de)三教(佛(fo)、道、儒教)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群之(zhi)一。據清碑(bei)和(he)舊縣志記(ji)載,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐(tang)代(dai),遼代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)佛(fo)廟,由于兵災(zai)(zai)破(po)壞和(he)風化侵蝕,至明代(dai)末(mo)期(qi)“殿(dian)(dian)宇荒廢,僅存基(ji)垣(yuan)”。清乾隆十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),山(shan)東嶗(lao)山(shan)金山(shan)派(pai)道人倪理休,云游此地,見有(you)古(gu)剎遺(yi)址,便發愿重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廟宇。乾隆十四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)娘娘殿(dian)(dian)(即(ji)三霄娘娘殿(dian)(dian))工程中,地下掘出十六尊(zun)遼代(dai)時期(qi)鐵鑄羅(luo)(luo)漢(han),因此又(you)增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)羅(luo)(luo)漢(han)殿(dian)(dian)。乾隆二十八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)天(tian)后宮(gong)(即(ji)海神娘娘殿(dian)(dian)),由于光(guang)(guang)緒六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))發生火災(zai)(zai),將正殿(dian)(dian)及兩廂全(quan)部燒毀,于光(guang)(guang)緒八(ba)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉慶(qing)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)大雄寶(bao)殿(dian)(dian),嘉慶(qing)二十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地藏庵,民國后期(qi),將地藏庵改名(ming)為地藏寺。道光(guang)(guang)四(si)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)先后修(xiu)(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)戲樓(lou)、財神殿(dian)(dian)、龍王殿(dian)(dian)、玉皇殿(dian)(dian)、鐘樓(lou)、文昌閣、呂(lv)祖亭。歷經清代(dai)的(de)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)維修(xiu)(xiu),逐漸形成如今之(zhi)規模。
每年(nian)的農歷四月十(shi)八是(shi)(shi)大孤山(shan)鎮一(yi)年(nian)一(yi)度(du)的廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui),說(shuo)到孤山(shan)的廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui),據(ju)孤山(shan)鎮志記(ji)載:“早在(zai)宋代就有(you)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)之(zhi)舉(ju),廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)集會(hui)(hui)(hui)地(di)址在(zai)下廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)戲樓廣場(chang),規模(mo)鼎盛時期是(shi)(shi)在(zai)清代的乾(qian)隆年(nian)間(jian),當時重修海神娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)時,興起了海神娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)和藥王廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui),每年(nian)的四月十(shi)八天后(hou)宮舉(ju)辦民(min)間(jian)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui),隨著時間(jian)的遷(qian)移,海神娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)娘(niang)(niang)(niang)(niang)廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)日漸興隆,特(te)別是(shi)(shi)道光年(nian)間(jian)建成戲樓后(hou),廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)盛況日常空前,廟(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)會(hui)(hui)(hui)內容也日益豐富多彩,燒香拜佛,祈福(fu)還(huan)愿等,摻(chan)和著文藝節目、戲曲、雜(za)耍、旱船表(biao)演,同時還(huan)有(you)商品交(jiao)易,解放初期和文革期間(jian)中斷(duan)”。
另(ling)據(ju)丹東作家張濤(tao)先生所(suo)著的(de)《孤山(shan)(shan)獨白》一書稱(cheng):“娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),是舊歷四月十八(ba)(ba),據(ju)記(ji)(ji),這一天(tian)(tian)是天(tian)(tian)仙(xian)圣母的(de)生日(ri),僧侶和信徒為慶祝圣誕而興(xing)辦(ban)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),天(tian)(tian)仙(xian)圣母不是一個人(ren),而是趙公元帥的(de)三位女兒(er)——云(yun)霄(xiao)、碧霄(xiao)、瓊霄(xiao)的(de)合(he)稱(cheng),謂之三霄(xiao)娘(niang)娘(niang),故(gu)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)又(you)稱(cheng)為娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)。”據(ju)歷史記(ji)(ji)載,孤山(shan)(shan)古(gu)建筑群(qun)開山(shan)(shan)始祖(zu)倪理(li)休(xiu)于(yu)清(qing)乾(qian)隆八(ba)(ba)年(nian)(nian)(公元1744年(nian)(nian))來(lai)到(dao)大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)托(tuo)缽募化三載所(suo)建,如(ru)此算來(lai),大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)的(de)歷史可以(yi)追(zhui)溯(su)到(dao)二百五十年(nian)(nian)以(yi)前(qian)了(le)。時(shi)至今日(ri),我們可以(yi)推想當年(nian)(nian),當時(shi),陸路交(jiao)通并不發(fa)達,過往(wang)于(yu)鴨綠江的(de)來(lai)往(wang)船(chuan)只(zhi),遙(yao)望(wang)一巍峨高山(shan)(shan)矗立于(yu)黃海岸(an)(an)邊,于(yu)是停船(chuan)靠岸(an)(an),上岸(an)(an)交(jiao)易,盛況何其空前(qian)。特別是四月十八(ba)(ba),正逢(feng)草長(chang)鶯飛時(shi)節,長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)的(de)山(shan)(shan)貨獸皮(pi)要運往(wang)關內,江南的(de)絲竹瓷(ci)器又(you)從(cong)山(shan)(shan)東威海源源而來(lai),孤山(shan)(shan)就成(cheng)了(le)南北貨物的(de)中轉(zhuan)站(zhan),南來(lai)北往(wang)的(de)商賈,周邊出海打漁的(de)船(chuan)家,齊聚古(gu)鎮,貿易商談(tan),會(hui)(hui)親訪(fang)友,為大(da)孤山(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)增添豐富的(de)內涵(han)。
古(gu)戲樓(lou),建(jian)(jian)(jian)于清(qing)道光六年(nian),有(you)二百多年(nian)的(de)歷史。它不僅是大孤(gu)山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群的(de)標志性建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),也是大孤(gu)山(shan)鎮(zhen)繁榮的(de)見(jian)(jian)證。過大年(nian)、正月十五、端(duan)午節、中(zhong)秋(qiu)節,每年(nian)四月十八廟會這里便(bian)成了旅游與交(jiao)易場所(suo),繼續抒(shu)寫著昔日的(de)繁榮。古(gu)戲樓(lou)最具匠(jiang)心的(de)是它的(de)屋頂(ding)。歇山(shan)式(shi)和(he)硬山(shan)式(shi)兩種(zhong)屋頂(ding)完美(mei)結合的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)極為(wei)罕見(jian)(jian),成為(wei)大孤(gu)山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群三(san)大奇觀之首(shou)。
觀(guan)音(yin)閣,因其(qi)坐(zuo)南(nan)面北,當(dang)地人(ren)成(cheng)為(wei)“倒坐(zuo)廟(miao)”。相傳,觀(guan)音(yin)菩薩圣像曾面北背(bei)南(nan),從海上(shang)飛來(lai),使當(dang)地瘟疫消遁,人(ren)心向(xiang)善(shan),于是(shi)觀(guan)音(yin)閣由(you)此而(er)建。觀(guan)音(yin)閣的(de)古聯(lian)也很(hen)有意味。上(shang)聯(lian)是(shi)“問士大(da)夫為(wei)何倒坐(zuo)”,下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)是(shi)“嘆世(shi)人(ren)不肯回頭”上(shang)下(xia)(xia)聯(lian)以(yi)世(shi)人(ren)和觀(guan)音(yin)的(de)口(kou)吻一問一答,充滿意趣和智慧。
無角草龍,關帝殿三重檐門樓(lou)中部兩條無角草龍,也(ye)早(zao)就了關帝殿的一大奇(qi),和古戲樓(lou)的屋頂、倒(dao)坐(zuo)的觀音閣,構成大孤山古建筑群的三大奇(qi)觀。