大孤山古建筑群位于遼寧省丹東市西南部歷史文化古鎮——大孤山。大孤山既是山名又是鎮名。大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為(wei)“千朵蓮花山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”,是千山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈之東(dong)(dong)南(nan)邊緣的(de)(de)最后一(yi)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),與(yu)千山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈一(yi)起同屬(shu)長白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈系。大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)臨大(da)(da)洋河(he),南(nan)瀕黃(huang)海。由33座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峰(feng)組成(cheng),主峰(feng)海拔337.3米,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢雄(xiong)偉、古(gu)樹蒼勁,宛如(ru)黃(huang)海之濱一(yi)顆璀璨的(de)(de)明珠。因為(wei)聳立在濱海的(de)(de)平闊(kuo)大(da)(da)野之上,顯得(de)格外高大(da)(da)險峻,從而得(de)名(ming)大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又因為(wei)兩峰(feng)并立,形如(ru)駱駝(tuo)雙峰(feng),又名(ming)橐駝(tuo)峰(feng)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上景點繁多,歷史悠久,素(su)有:水底(di)洞(dong)天、怒濤海市(shi)、海島(dao)漁舟、鴿洞(dong)云(yun)深、東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)松濤、西嶺(ling)松濤、孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)圣水、峭壁石人八大(da)(da)景之稱。這里青(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)綠水、海島(dao)濕地、古(gu)樹古(gu)廟構成(cheng)一(yi)幅天然美景。古(gu)人曾這樣贊美大(da)(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan):“石筍凌云(yun)插碧霄,巍巍佛寺(si)依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)椒,洋河(he)岸(an)曲盤古(gu)鎮(zhen),峰(feng)逼瀾回怒晚潮”。
大孤山古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)群是與(yu)沈陽故宮(gong)(gong)并(bing)為遼寧省規模較大、現存保護最具(ju)完整(zheng)的兩(liang)大古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)群之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。根(gen)據《圣水宮(gong)(gong)記(ji)》碑文記(ji)載:“圣水宮(gong)(gong),原名(ming)望海寺,傳系唐代古(gu)(gu)(gu)剎。”到(dao)了明代末年,殿宇(yu)荒廢,僅存基垣。現有的廟堂(tang)都是清乾隆年間以后建造(zao)的。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)群占地(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)萬多平方(fang)米,建筑(zhu)(zhu)面積達五(wu)千多平方(fang)米,分(fen)為上廟群、下(xia)廟群、古(gu)(gu)(gu)戲樓(lou)三部分(fen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條中軸線(xian)貫(guan)穿其中,整(zheng)個布局(ju)呈繁體(ti)“壽(shou)”字形(xing)。古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)群集(ji)古(gu)(gu)(gu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術之(zhi)大成,展遼東地(di)區人文景觀之(zhi)大觀,是集(ji)佛(fo)、道、儒三教文化于一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)體(ti),堪稱(cheng)東北地(di)區一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處聞名(ming)遐邇的旅游勝地(di)。
大孤山古建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)位(wei)于(yu)南山腰處(chu),是(shi)(shi)遼寧(ning)現存(cun)較完整的“佛、道、儒”三教合一(yi)的大型古剎(cha),相傳始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)唐代,經歷代修葺(qi),已有一(yi)千多年的歷史。現存(cun)廟宇為清代中晚期建(jian)筑(zhu),是(shi)(shi)省級重點文物保(bao)護單位(wei)。
大孤山古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群是(shi)合上(shang)廟(miao)、下(xia)廟(miao)、戲樓(lou)為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群。由天后(hou)宮(gong)以及十(shi)多個宮(gong)、殿(dian)、戲樓(lou)、石佛(fo)塔和(he)觀海亭(ting)組成(cheng),其(qi)磚(zhuan)雕藝術(shu)遠近馳名。其(qi)樓(lou)、閣、宮(gong)、殿(dian)、亭(ting)、臺,隨山就勢成(cheng)階層(ceng)式院落,布局緊湊,錯落有致,造形完美、線(xian)條流暢,工藝精湛;集南、北建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)藝術(shu)之特色,是(shi)自(zi)然景觀和(he)人(ren)文景觀的(de)(de)結(jie)合體(ti),具有重要(yao)的(de)(de)藝術(shu)研究價值。其(qi)中,天后(hou)宮(gong)為(wei)中國唐代最(zui)大的(de)(de)媽祖殿(dian)堂。
古建筑群整體建筑,組(zu)成一個巨(ju)大的繁(fan)體“壽(shou)”字。登觀海亭(ting)遠眺,古鎮風(feng)(feng)光(guang)盡(jin)收眼(yan)底。海上波(bo)濤(tao)起伏,風(feng)(feng)帆出(chu)沒,蔚(yu)為壯觀,獐(zhang)、鹿二島(dao),歷歷在目(mu)。時有海霧煙(yan)波(bo),山水(shui)蒼茫,如入(ru)畫中,別饒(rao)情(qing)趣。詩人有曰:“曲水(shui)帶之歸海去,亂(luan)花隨雨落巖來。”
大(da)(da)孤山《紅(hong)(hong)樓(lou)夢(meng)(meng)(meng)》誕生的(de)地方,上(shang)廟便是(shi)(shi)《紅(hong)(hong)樓(lou)夢(meng)(meng)(meng)》中的(de)櫳翠庵(an),你從古(gu)韻向上(shang)望去(qu)真是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)孤山的(de)一扇窗(chuang)戶,曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)比喻(yu)的(de)十(shi)分恰當。還有(you)屋脊崖(無稽(ji)崖)里(li)的(de)曹家(jia)堡,曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)在《紅(hong)(hong)樓(lou)夢(meng)(meng)(meng)》中名之蘆雪(xue)廠,更是(shi)(shi)一絲(si)不(bu)差。曹家(jia)堡曹大(da)(da)漢真的(de)是(shi)(shi)曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)的(de)親宗,曹操后(hou)裔。曹雪(xue)芹(qin)(qin)是(shi)(shi)曹操六十(shi)四(si)代(dai)孫(sun),曹大(da)(da)漢是(shi)(shi)曹操六十(shi)三代(dai)孫(sun),今天不(bu)但有(you)《紅(hong)(hong)樓(lou)夢(meng)(meng)(meng)》歷史文獻證明,更有(you)曹操DNA證明。
大孤山(shan)山(shan)上(shang)(shang)古木(mu)參(can)天,巨柞銀杏,夾道成蔭,生長(chang)著松(song)、柏、槐、楊、柞、楓、柳(liu)、榆、皂(zao)角、連翹、鵝兒櫪、法桐、臘樹(shu)(shu)等(deng)上(shang)(shang)百種(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)木(mu)。丁香、玫瑰(gui)、杜(du)鵑、櫻(ying)花等(deng)灌(guan)木(mu)種(zhong)類繁多,到處可見(jian)。300年以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)古樹(shu)(shu)有2000多株,構成了層次分明的(de)(de)森林景(jing)觀,被列為(wei)國家級森林公園。其中上(shang)(shang)廟的(de)(de)兩棵古銀杏樹(shu)(shu)系唐代僧人修建“望海寺”時所植,距今(jin)1200余(yu)年,樹(shu)(shu)高20多米(mi),胸徑1.5米(mi),至今(jin)仍枝繁葉(xie)茂。山(shan)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)圣水宮峭壁涌泉,即使(shi)是(shi)炎夏(xia)盛(sheng)暑(shu),泉水仍清涼宜(yi)人。
小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)景(jing)區又稱小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)子,距(ju)孤山(shan)鎮約15公(gong)里,東西長3.5公(gong)里,南北寬1.5公(gong)里,是孤山(shan)的延伸部分。由大(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)14個(ge)島(dao)嶼和(he)半島(dao)組成。其中六(liu)個(ge)較大(da)的島(dao)嶼已由10條海堤聯成一體,并有(you)公(gong)路相(xiang)通(tong)。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)南側的前陽海灘是一處天然的海水浴場。小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)周圍海域物(wu)產豐富(fu),尤以對蝦養殖著(zhu)名。
大鹿島
大鹿島(dao)是遼寧省大孤山風景名勝區的重要組成(cheng)部分,位于東(dong)港(gang)(gang)市孤山鎮東(dong)南(nan)19.3海(hai)(hai)(hai)里的黃海(hai)(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)(hai)面(mian)上,四面(mian)環海(hai)(hai)(hai),西海(hai)(hai)(hai)域與莊河(he)、大連(lian)相連(lian),東(dong)海(hai)(hai)(hai)域與大東(dong)港(gang)(gang)、丹東(dong)鴨綠江融(rong)匯,與南(nan)北(bei)(bei)朝鮮(xian)相望(wang)。大鹿島(dao)與孤山鎮和(he)小島(dao)間有水路相通。東(dong)西長約4公里,南(nan)北(bei)(bei)寬約1.5公里,景區面(mian)積(ji)約30平(ping)方(fang)公里,陸域面(mian)積(ji)約6.6平(ping)方(fang)公里,大鹿島(dao)附近(jin)有當年(nian)“中日甲午(wu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)戰”遺址。
大(da)鹿島(dao)氣候適宜,冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑。島(dao)前有360萬平方(fang)米的(de)(de)天(tian)然海(hai)(hai)(hai)濱浴(yu)場,是中國(guo)黃海(hai)(hai)(hai)最大(da)的(de)(de)天(tian)然海(hai)(hai)(hai)濱浴(yu)場。大(da)鹿島(dao)是鴨綠江口國(guo)家(jia)級濕地自(zi)(zi)然保護(hu)區的(de)(de)重要組成部分(fen)。震驚中外(wai)的(de)(de)甲午黃海(hai)(hai)(hai)大(da)戰(zhan)就爆發在大(da)鹿島(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)面,民(min)族英雄“鄧世昌(chang)”及700名將士和“致遠號”艦等(deng)4艘戰(zhan)艦分(fen)別犧牲和沉(chen)沒在大(da)鹿島(dao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)面。島(dao)上有鄧世昌(chang)墓和塑像、明代戍邊將領毛文(wen)龍碑亭、二郎石、嘎巴(ba)棗樹(shu)、滴水壺、老虎洞、駱(luo)駝峰、英式導航燈(deng)塔、丹麥教堂遺址等(deng)多(duo)處自(zi)(zi)然和人文(wen)景觀。
大(da)(da)鹿島盛產對(dui)蝦、梭子(zi)蟹(xie)、雜色蛤、文蛤、海(hai)螺以及魚類(lei)等百余種海(hai)鮮(xian),被譽為“海(hai)鮮(xian)的王國”。每年(nian)農(nong)歷四(si)月十八日,大(da)(da)鹿島上(shang)會舉辦(ban)大(da)(da)孤山(shan)廟會。屆時(shi)可觀覽(lan)當地民(min)風民(min)俗。
獐島
獐島是(shi)遼寧省(sheng)大孤山風(feng)景(jing)名(ming)勝區重(zhong)要組成部分,位于丹東(dong)東(dong)港市(shi)北(bei)井子鎮(zhen)7海(hai)里的(de)南(nan)黃海(hai)海(hai)面之中,景(jing)區面積15平方公里,陸域面積2平方公里,是(shi)中國萬(wan)里海(hai)疆(jiang)的(de)第一座島嶼。
獐島(dao)(dao)(dao)由一陵(ling)(ling)六石(shi)宅、四礁(jiao)(jiao)組成,陵(ling)(ling)石(shi)橫(heng)東西,蹲臥兩翼,礁(jiao)(jiao)居(ju)其(qi)間,陸(lu)域面積2平(ping)方公(gong)里,居(ju)民100多(duo)戶(hu),500多(duo)人(ren)。海(hai)島(dao)(dao)(dao)保留(liu)了古老的漁村。島(dao)(dao)(dao)上有金(jin)灘(tan)海(hai)水浴場。獐島(dao)(dao)(dao)山石(shi)犬牙交錯,有老雕(diao)窩、鷹嘴石(shi)、老豬礁(jiao)(jiao)、烏龜砣子(zi),形態逼真,灌(guan)木碧(bi)野(ye)。登島(dao)(dao)(dao)主峰遠眺(tiao)可見大孤山。獐島(dao)(dao)(dao)水產(chan)養殖十分發達,萬畝環(huan)島(dao)(dao)(dao)灘(tan)涂是水產(chan)養殖的理想(xiang)場所,盛產(chan)牡蠣(li)、蜆子(zi)、螃蟹(xie)、海(hai)蜇等海(hai)鮮。
大孤山風景名勝區(qu)有八(ba)(ba)大奇觀(guan),分別(bie)是“紫液圣泉”,“半覆神(shen)(shen)殿”,“祖孫銀(yin)杏”,“無(wu)字古碑(bei)”,“梨園孤樓”,“第一神(shen)(shen)宮”,“無(wu)雙磚雕”,“三教共和”這八(ba)(ba)大奇觀(guan)異(yi)彩紛呈,堪稱大孤山風景名勝區(qu)的“八(ba)(ba)絕”。
古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,坐北朝南(nan),地勢(shi)由南(nan)向(xiang)北,逐漸升(sheng)高,由此,建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)隨(sui)山勢(shi)構筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)成階(jie)層式(shi)(shi)院落(luo)。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局(ju)緊(jin)湊,疏密(mi)得(de)宜,鱗次(ci)櫛比。殿院都(dou)(dou)有正殿和(he)(he)配殿作(zuo)對稱式(shi)(shi),組(zu)成三進、五進院落(luo),每進院落(luo)都(dou)(dou)有懸山式(shi)(shi)門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)、三滴(di)(di)水牌樓(lou)、月亮門(men)(men)(men)、垂花(hua)(hua)門(men)(men)(men)和(he)(he)圓門(men)(men)(men)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)連貫穿通,頗(po)有南(nan)方蘇杭式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風格(ge)。每個建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)都(dou)(dou)座(zuo)落(luo)在高低(di)不等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)石(shi)臺(tai)(tai)基(ji)上(shang)(shang),并(bing)有石(shi)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)。皆為(wei)青磚(zhuan)灰(hui)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)木架(jia)結構,多為(wei)硬山七凜小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)六(liu)架(jia)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)木構建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也(ye)有重檐歇(xie)山屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),單(dan)(dan)檐歇(xie)山屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),單(dan)(dan)檐方形、六(liu)角攢尖屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)小(xiao)(xiao)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),卷棚硬山大式(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)單(dan)(dan)檐歇(xie)山大式(shi)(shi)木結構建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。特別是(shi)(shi)戲(xi)樓(lou)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),采取了(le)前臉歇(xie)山與后身硬山結合的(de)處(chu)(chu)理手法,汲取了(le)我國湖(hu)南(nan)地方戲(xi)臺(tai)(tai)的(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi)(shi)進行營造。平板(ban)枋(fang)和(he)(he)額枋(fang)上(shang)(shang)下的(de)雀(que)替和(he)(he)形式(shi)(shi)多樣的(de)雕墩為(wei)透雕人物(wu),游龍(long)、飛鳳、禽鳥、走獸、花(hua)(hua)卉等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)刻(ke)飾,頗(po)具匠心(xin)。每門(men)(men)(men)均為(wei)各種欞子(zi)的(de)格(ge)扇(shan)門(men)(men)(men)。屋(wu)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)作(zuo)多為(wei)合瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),也(ye)有筒、板(ban)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)頂(ding)(ding)(ding),有蓮花(hua)(hua)、獸面三角形式(shi)(shi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)勾頭(tou)滴(di)(di)水。正脊為(wei)透雕花(hua)(hua)紋式(shi)(shi)脊等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),有小(xiao)(xiao)石(shi)壘花(hua)(hua)、陶塑(su)龍(long)鳳、疊小(xiao)(xiao)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)脊,配殿多為(wei)清水脊。脊頂(ding)(ding)(ding)端(duan)塑(su)有大象、寶瓶、寶葫蘆和(he)(he)仙(xian)人等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),兩(liang)端(duan)裝(zhuang)飾龍(long)吻,垂脊和(he)(he)戧脊端(duan)有形態各異、神姿生(sheng)動(dong)的(de)垂獸和(he)(he)跑獸,與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)協調一致,莊重美(mei)觀。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)上(shang)(shang)的(de)磚(zhuan)雕刻(ke),更(geng)是(shi)(shi)獨具風格(ge),到(dao)處(chu)(chu)皆是(shi)(shi)。磚(zhuan)刻(ke)常置于牌樓(lou)、門(men)(men)(men)樓(lou)、門(men)(men)(men)頭(tou)、照壁、山墻、搏風、墀頭(tou)、廊心(xin)墻等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),內容豐富多彩。有生(sheng)活(huo)起(qi)居、人物(wu)故事,仙(xian)靈鳥獸、山水花(hua)(hua)卉、幾何圖案、吉祥文字等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)。一般采取用(yong)浮雕,形神兼備,雕工精致,頗(po)有巧奪天(tian)工之感(gan)。
大(da)孤山建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群是清代(dai)(dai)中晚期(qi)的古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑遺存(cun),也是我(wo)省(sheng)現存(cun)下來規模較大(da)、較完整的三(san)教(jiao)(佛、道(dao)、儒(ru)教(jiao))古建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群之一(yi)。據清碑和舊縣志記載,始(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)于唐代(dai)(dai),遼代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)有佛廟(miao),由于兵(bing)災破壞和風化侵(qin)蝕,至明代(dai)(dai)末(mo)期(qi)“殿宇(yu)荒廢,僅存(cun)基垣”。清乾(qian)隆(long)(long)十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1746年(nian)(nian)(nian)),山東嶗山金山派(pai)道(dao)人倪理休,云游(you)此地(di)(di),見有古剎(cha)遺址,便(bian)發愿重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)廟(miao)宇(yu)。乾(qian)隆(long)(long)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1749年(nian)(nian)(nian)),重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)娘(niang)娘(niang)殿(即三(san)霄娘(niang)娘(niang)殿)工程(cheng)中,地(di)(di)下掘(jue)出十(shi)(shi)六尊遼代(dai)(dai)時期(qi)鐵鑄(zhu)羅漢,因此又(you)增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)羅漢殿。乾(qian)隆(long)(long)二十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1763年(nian)(nian)(nian)),建(jian)(jian)(jian)天后宮(即海神(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)殿),由于光(guang)緒(xu)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1880年(nian)(nian)(nian))發生(sheng)火災,將(jiang)正殿及兩廂全部燒毀(hui),于光(guang)緒(xu)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1882年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)。嘉(jia)慶七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1802年(nian)(nian)(nian))重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)雄寶(bao)殿,嘉(jia)慶二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1816年(nian)(nian)(nian))建(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)藏庵(an),民國(guo)后期(qi),將(jiang)地(di)(di)藏庵(an)改名為地(di)(di)藏寺。道(dao)光(guang)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)先后修建(jian)(jian)(jian)戲樓、財神(shen)殿、龍王殿、玉(yu)皇(huang)殿、鐘樓、文(wen)昌閣、呂祖亭。歷經(jing)清代(dai)(dai)的重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)、增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)和維修,逐(zhu)漸形成如今(jin)之規模。
每年(nian)的農歷四月十(shi)八是大孤山鎮一年(nian)一度的廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),說到孤山的廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),據(ju)孤山鎮志記載:“早在(zai)宋(song)代就有(you)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)之舉(ju),廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)集會(hui)(hui)地(di)址在(zai)下(xia)廟(miao)戲樓(lou)廣場,規(gui)模鼎盛時期是在(zai)清代的乾(qian)隆(long)年(nian)間(jian)(jian),當時重(zhong)修海神(shen)(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)時,興(xing)起了海神(shen)(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)和藥王廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),每年(nian)的四月十(shi)八天后(hou)宮舉(ju)辦民間(jian)(jian)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui),隨著時間(jian)(jian)的遷移,海神(shen)(shen)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)日(ri)漸興(xing)隆(long),特別是道光年(nian)間(jian)(jian)建(jian)成戲樓(lou)后(hou),廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)盛況日(ri)常空前(qian),廟(miao)會(hui)(hui)內(nei)容也日(ri)益豐富多彩,燒香拜佛,祈福還愿(yuan)等(deng),摻和著文藝節(jie)目(mu)、戲曲、雜耍(shua)、旱船表(biao)演,同時還有(you)商品交(jiao)易,解放(fang)初期和文革期間(jian)(jian)中斷”。
另據丹東作家(jia)(jia)張濤先生所著的(de)(de)(de)《孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)獨白》一(yi)書稱(cheng):“娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui),是(shi)舊(jiu)歷(li)四(si)月(yue)十八,據記(ji),這一(yi)天是(shi)天仙(xian)圣(sheng)(sheng)母的(de)(de)(de)生日,僧侶和(he)信徒為(wei)(wei)慶祝(zhu)圣(sheng)(sheng)誕(dan)而(er)興辦廟(miao)會(hui),天仙(xian)圣(sheng)(sheng)母不是(shi)一(yi)個人,而(er)是(shi)趙公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)帥的(de)(de)(de)三位(wei)女兒——云霄(xiao)(xiao)、碧霄(xiao)(xiao)、瓊(qiong)霄(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)合稱(cheng),謂之(zhi)三霄(xiao)(xiao)娘(niang)娘(niang),故廟(miao)會(hui)又(you)稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)娘(niang)娘(niang)廟(miao)會(hui)。”據歷(li)史(shi)記(ji)載,孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古建筑(zhu)群(qun)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)始祖倪理(li)休于清乾(qian)隆(long)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1744年(nian)(nian)(nian))來(lai)(lai)到大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)托缽募化三載所建,如此算來(lai)(lai),大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)的(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)可(ke)以(yi)追(zhui)溯到二百五(wu)十年(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)前了。時至今日,我們可(ke)以(yi)推想當(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian),當(dang)時,陸(lu)路(lu)交通并不發達,過(guo)往于鴨綠江的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)(lai)往船(chuan)只,遙望一(yi)巍峨高山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)矗(chu)立(li)于黃海(hai)岸邊,于是(shi)停船(chuan)靠岸,上岸交易,盛(sheng)況何其空前。特(te)別是(shi)四(si)月(yue)十八,正逢草長(chang)鶯飛時節,長(chang)白山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)貨獸皮要運往關(guan)內(nei),江南(nan)的(de)(de)(de)絲(si)竹瓷器又(you)從山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東威海(hai)源(yuan)源(yuan)而(er)來(lai)(lai),孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)就成了南(nan)北貨物的(de)(de)(de)中轉站,南(nan)來(lai)(lai)北往的(de)(de)(de)商(shang)賈,周邊出海(hai)打漁的(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)家(jia)(jia),齊聚古鎮,貿(mao)易商(shang)談(tan),會(hui)親訪友,為(wei)(wei)大(da)孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)廟(miao)會(hui)增添豐富的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)涵。
古(gu)(gu)戲樓(lou),建(jian)于(yu)清道光六(liu)年,有二(er)百多年的(de)(de)歷史。它不僅是(shi)(shi)大孤山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群的(de)(de)標(biao)志性(xing)建(jian)筑,也是(shi)(shi)大孤山(shan)(shan)鎮繁榮的(de)(de)見證。過大年、正月十五、端(duan)午節、中秋(qiu)節,每年四月十八廟會(hui)這里便成了旅(lv)游與交易場(chang)所,繼續抒寫(xie)著昔(xi)日的(de)(de)繁榮。古(gu)(gu)戲樓(lou)最具匠(jiang)心的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)它的(de)(de)屋頂(ding)。歇(xie)山(shan)(shan)式(shi)和(he)硬山(shan)(shan)式(shi)兩種屋頂(ding)完(wan)美結合的(de)(de)建(jian)筑形式(shi)極為(wei)罕見,成為(wei)大孤山(shan)(shan)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)筑群三大奇觀之首。
觀音(yin)閣,因其坐南面北(bei),當地人(ren)(ren)(ren)成為“倒坐廟(miao)”。相傳,觀音(yin)菩薩圣像曾面北(bei)背南,從(cong)海上飛來,使當地瘟疫消遁,人(ren)(ren)(ren)心向(xiang)善(shan),于是(shi)觀音(yin)閣由此而(er)建。觀音(yin)閣的(de)古聯也很(hen)有(you)意味。上聯是(shi)“問士大夫為何倒坐”,下聯是(shi)“嘆世(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)不肯(ken)回頭”上下聯以世(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)觀音(yin)的(de)口吻一問一答,充滿意趣和(he)智(zhi)慧。
無(wu)角草龍(long),關帝殿三(san)重(zhong)檐門樓中部兩(liang)條(tiao)無(wu)角草龍(long),也早就了(le)關帝殿的一大奇,和古戲樓的屋頂(ding)、倒坐的觀音閣,構成大孤山古建筑群的三(san)大奇觀。