重慶(qing)(qing)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)植物園隸屬于(yu)重慶(qing)(qing)市藥(yao)(yao)物種植研究(jiu)所(suo),原四(si)川(chuan)省(sheng)中(zhong)醫藥(yao)(yao)研究(jiu)院藥(yao)(yao)物種植研究(jiu)所(suo)。地處重慶(qing)(qing)市南川(chuan)區金佛山腳(jiao)下,距縣城15公里。位(wei)于(yu)東(dong)經107°21′。北緯28°95′。海(hai)拔630米(mi)。屬四(si)川(chuan)盆地亞(ya)熱帶濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)候區。氣(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和、雨量充(chong)沛、冬無(wu)嚴寒、夏無(wu)酷暑、霜雪稀少、無(wu)霜期長,具有(you)明顯的季風氣(qi)候特點。年平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)16.3℃。1月份平(ping)(ping)均最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)5.8℃,極端最低氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-3℃,7月份平(ping)(ping)均最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)26.2℃,極端最高氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)34.6℃。年降水量1250.2毫米(mi)。
重慶藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)園(yuan)創建于(yu)1947年,是(shi)我國最早建立的(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)標本園(yuan)。當時附設在(zai)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)研究所前身中(zhong)央林(lin)業實驗所常山種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)試驗場(chang)的(de)(de)苗圃內(nei),占地(di)約0.7公頃。到(dao)1949年底,種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)292種。解放后(hou),隨著黨對(dui)中(zhong)醫中(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)事業的(de)(de)重視和藥(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)(wu)栽培科研的(de)(de)發(fa)燕尾服,現已擁(yong)有藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)2300余種(不包括品種),成為(wei)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)研究的(de)(de)重要科研基地(di),也是(shi)我國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)種質資(zi)源(yuan)保存的(de)(de)主要集中(zhong)地(di)之一。
全園現(xian)有(you)土(tu)地(di)面(mian)積約9.5公頃,其(qi)中標(biao)本(ben)種植(zhi)區(qu)占(zhan)地(di)1.9公頃。試驗區(qu)約0.7公頃,繁(fan)殖(zhi)示范區(qu)5.5公頃,溫室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、種子(zi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、科研樓、生活區(qu)及(ji)四周綠化占(zhan)地(di)1.3公頃。根據藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)特殊的(de)生態和環境(jing),已(yi)建成種植(zhi)小區(qu)12個。園內主要科研設施有(you)實(shi)(shi)驗繁(fan)殖(zhi)溫室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)380平方米,氣象觀測站一個,實(shi)(shi)驗室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)8間(jian)。種子(zi)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2間(jian),收集保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)物(wu)種子(zi)約800種。原生藥(yao)材樣品(pin)(pin)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)2間(jian),收集保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)材樣品(pin)(pin)1200多個。臘葉標(biao)本(ben)室(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)7間(jian),貯存(cun)臘葉標(biao)本(ben)7000多種,近(jin)150000份(fen),是我國保(bao)存(cun)藥(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)臘葉標(biao)本(ben)最多的(de)單位之一。有(you)職工20人,其(qi)中科技(ji)人員9人(縣中級職稱以(yi)上的(de)有(you)4人)。
在(zai)建園和(he)科(ke)研(yan)的同(tong)時,還開(kai)展大量的科(ke)普工(gong)作。該(gai)所以標本(ben)園為基地,先(xian)后舉了60多期全(quan)國、省、地縣中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)材采、種(zhong)、制(zhi)訓練班(ban)或(huo)學習班(ban)。每(mei)年接待(dai)參觀、實習達3000人次以上(shang);接待(dai)愛好者近1萬人次。向外提(ti)供近1000種(zhong)中(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)種(zhong)子、種(zhong)苗、數(shu)萬份臘葉標本(ben)及(ji)數(shu)百(bai)種(zhong)原生藥(yao)樣品。
在開發工(gong)作(zuo)方面,主要依(yi)靠藥(yao)用植物(wu)科研實力和(he)(he)豐富的種質資(zi)源,結合科研成(cheng)果的推廣,繁殖和(he)(he)銷(xiao)售藥(yao)用、觀賞及其他經濟植物(wu)苗木。代辦科研、教學需用的臘葉標本和(he)(he)生(sheng)藥(yao)樣品等業務,開展(zhan)以藥(yao)物(wu)種植、資(zi)源和(he)(he)花卉栽培技(ji)術咨詢。承包園林綠化工(gong)程的規(gui)劃和(he)(he)施工(gong)管理(li)等。
該園(yuan)科(ke)研(yan)工作的總方向是進行(xing)藥(yao)(yao)用植物(wu)的收集、栽培、馴化(hua)和(he)種質資源的研(yan)究。從西(xi)南、華東(dong)、華中等地區發掘野生(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)物(wu)資源,為中藥(yao)(yao)材的科(ke)研(yan)、生(sheng)產服務(wu)。
43年來,園(yuan)內(nei)對(dui)上千種(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進行(xing)了(le)野生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)家種(zhong)(zhong)、良種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)育及繁殖技(ji)術(shu)、收獲(huo)加工方法等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)初步研(yan)(yan)(yan)究。對(dui)入園(yuan)的(de)(de)絕大多(duo)數(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)進行(xing)了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)態、生(sheng)(sheng)境及物(wu)(wu)候期、生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學(xue)特性的(de)(de)觀察(cha)。并結合采種(zhong)(zhong)、引種(zhong)(zhong),分別(bie)對(dui)四(si)川(chuan)、貴州、云(yun)南、湖北等(deng)(deng)省(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)山體(ti)及地區(qu),進行(xing)過(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源考察(cha)。從而積累(lei)(lei)了(le)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)技(ji)術(shu)資(zi)料,為(wei)編寫(xie)《全國中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材生(sheng)(sheng)產技(ji)術(shu)》、《中(zhong)(zhong)國藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培學(xue)》、《四(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)栽(zai)培》、《四(si)川(chuan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)用(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)》、《四(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材栽(zai)培技(ji)術(shu)》、《常用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)手(shou)冊(ce)》等(deng)(deng)書籍提供了(le)大量的(de)(de)原(yuan)始資(zi)料。也為(wei)黃常山、益(yi)母草(cao)、天麻(ma)、半夏等(deng)(deng)野生(sheng)(sheng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)材的(de)(de)家種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功,云(yun)木香(xiang)、懷山藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、穿(chuan)心蓮等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)引種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功,薏苡仁(ren)、烏(wu)頭等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)選(xuan)種(zhong)(zhong)成(cheng)功和烏(wu)頭白絹(juan)病、湖北貝母鱗莖腐爛病、吳(wu)茱萸褐天牛等(deng)(deng)病防(fang)治(zhi)成(cheng)功,提供了(le)許(xu)多(duo)有益(yi)的(de)(de)基礎資(zi)料。同時該園(yuan)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)人員(yuan)主研(yan)(yan)(yan)或參研(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)“酉(you)陽青(qing)蒿(hao)資(zi)源調查”、“四(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源普查”、“金佛山經濟動(dong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源調查”等(deng)(deng)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)(yan)項目,共獲(huo)各級科(ke)技(ji)成(cheng)果獎14項,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)國家級1項,省(sheng)級9項。累(lei)(lei)計發表(biao)學(xue)術(shu)論文近100篇(包括合作撰(zhuan)寫(xie))。參加編寫(xie)《四(si)川(chuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)志》、《四(si)川(chuan)中(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)志》和《中(zhong)(zhong)國珍稀瀕(bin)危植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)紅皮書》等(deng)(deng)著作9部。
著重藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物建園,突(tu)出為藥(yao)(yao)物種植(zhi)科(ke)研(yan)服務,全力(li)保存我國(guo)傳統(tong)地道藥(yao)(yao)材的種質資源,集中(zhong)體現四(si)川東部豐富(fu)的藥(yao)(yao)用植(zhi)物種類,是該園的建園方(fang)針(zhen)。