人物生平
早年經歷
黃克(ke)(ke)誠,原名黃時瑄,1902年(nian)(nian)10月1日(清光緒(xu)廿八年(nian)(nian)壬寅歲八月三十(shi))生(sheng)于(yu)湖南省永興縣(xian)三塘鄉下青村一個農民家庭。9歲起靠親(qin)屬(shu)們(men)接濟(ji)讀了8年(nian)(nian)私(si)塾(shu)。1920年(nian)(nian)入縣(xian)立(li)高等小學。1922年(nian)(nian)考入衡(heng)陽(yang)湖南省立(li)第(di)三師范學校,開始接觸馬(ma)克(ke)(ke)思主(zhu)義,積極參加(jia)愛國(guo)學生(sheng)運動。1925年(nian)(nian)加(jia)入中國(guo)共產黨。1926年(nian)(nian)初入國(guo)共兩黨合辦的廣(guang)州(zhou)中央政治講習班,結業后(hou)參加(jia)北伐戰爭,在國(guo)民革命軍第(di)8軍任營、團(tuan)政治指導員,隨(sui)部轉戰長沙、武漢及(ji)河南、江(jiang)西、安徽等地。
土地革命
1927年(nian)(nian)大革命失敗后(hou)(hou),黃(huang)克誠奉命回(hui)家鄉(xiang)秘密從事農運工作(zuo)。1928年(nian)(nian)初參加(jia)湘(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)起義,組織(zhi)農民暴(bao)動(dong)并攻占永興(xing)縣城,任永興(xing)紅色警衛團(tuan)黨代表(biao)兼參謀長,對湘(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)特委的“左”傾(qing)盲動(dong)政策進行過堅決抵制,并指責為右傾(qing)機(ji)會主義而(er)受到排擠。后(hou)(hou)隨(sui)朱德(de)、陳毅上井岡山(shan),任中國工農革命軍第4軍第12師第35團(tuan)團(tuan)長。不久(jiu)改任湘(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)農軍第2路(lu)游擊司令,率部返回(hui)湘(xiang)(xiang)南(nan)活動(dong)。但途中隊伍失散,他在家鄉(xiang)隱蔽了一段時間后(hou)(hou),輾轉到上海尋找(zhao)黨組織(zhi)。
1930年初黃(huang)克誠奉派到彭德懷領導的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)工農(nong)紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)(di)(di)5軍(jun)(jun)(jun),初任(ren)第(di)(di)(di)(di)5縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)(di)(di)8大(da)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)第(di)(di)(di)(di)2支隊(dui)(dui)(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)(wei)員,曾(ceng)因反(fan)對(dui)攻打中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城市的軍(jun)(jun)(jun)事冒(mao)險(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)而受到批(pi)評。1931年起任(ren)紅(hong)(hong)3軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)第(di)(di)(di)(di)4師(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)、第(di)(di)(di)(di)3師(shi)和(he)第(di)(di)(di)(di)1師(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)(wei)員、第(di)(di)(di)(di)5軍(jun)(jun)(jun)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)、紅(hong)(hong)3軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)代(dai)理(li)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)等(deng)職(zhi)。在(zai)(zai)長沙戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)蘇區(qu)歷次(ci)反(fan)“圍剿”作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),指揮所部(bu)屢次(ci)出色完成任(ren)務,幾(ji)次(ci)因視力(li)差而險(xian)些送命(ming)。1931年因抵制“肅反(fan)”擴大(da)化而被(bei)指責為右傾(qing)機會主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi),一度被(bei)撤(che)(che)銷師(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)(wei)員職(zhi)務,到軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)部(bu)當秘(mi)書。1932年初在(zai)(zai)他恢復師(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)委(wei)(wei)后(hou)(hou),又(you)對(dui)臨時(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)提(ti)出奪取中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)城市的方針(zhen)表示(shi)異議,反(fan)對(dui)冒(mao)險(xian)攻打贛州,但未(wei)被(bei)采納。在(zai)(zai)久攻不(bu)克、腹(fu)背受敵、部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)傷亡嚴重(zhong)、多次(ci)請求撤(che)(che)退未(wei)準的情況下,冒(mao)著抗命(ming)的風險(xian),果斷率(lv)部(bu)并(bing)說服部(bu)分(fen)友鄰(lin)部(bu)隊(dui)(dui)(dui)一起突(tu)出重(zhong)圍,避(bi)免了全軍(jun)(jun)(jun)覆滅的嚴重(zhong)后(hou)(hou)果。后(hou)(hou)又(you)多次(ci)置個人安危于不(bu)顧,繼(ji)續(xu)對(dui)“左”傾(qing)冒(mao)險(xian)主(zhu)(zhu)義(yi)(yi)提(ti)出批(pi)評并(bing)拒(ju)絕認錯,因此多次(ci)受到批(pi)判和(he)降職(zhi)處(chu)分(fen)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)五次(ci)反(fan)“圍剿”時(shi)任(ren)紅(hong)(hong)3軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)第(di)(di)(di)(di)4師(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)(wei)員,參加了團(tuan)(tuan)村、廣昌等(deng)戰(zhan)(zhan)斗。1934年10月率(lv)部(bu)作(zuo)為前衛開(kai)始長征(zheng),連續(xu)突(tu)破國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)四道(dao)封鎖(suo)線,并(bing)浴血(xue)奮戰(zhan)(zhan)湘江南岸,頑強抗擊數倍國(guo)(guo)民黨(dang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)的輪(lun)番進(jin)攻,掩護中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)和(he)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)縱隊(dui)(dui)(dui)渡江。1935年2月紅(hong)(hong)3軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)撤(che)(che)銷師(shi)編制后(hou)(hou)改(gai)任(ren)第(di)(di)(di)(di)10團(tuan)(tuan)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)(wei)員,率(lv)部(bu)參加四渡赤(chi)水和(he)遵義(yi)(yi)戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)。此后(hou)(hou),因向上級反(fan)映意見被(bei)誤解,又(you)幾(ji)次(ci)受到降職(zhi)處(chu)分(fen),從偵察科長直至普通戰(zhan)(zhan)士。到陜北后(hou)(hou)才(cai)又(you)被(bei)起用,相(xiang)繼(ji)任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)委(wei)(wei)衛生部(bu)部(bu)長、紅(hong)(hong)1軍(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)(tuan)第(di)(di)(di)(di)4師(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)(wei)員、紅(hong)(hong)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)總政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)部(bu)組織部(bu)部(bu)長等(deng)職(zhi),參加了東征(zheng)、西征(zheng)和(he)山城堡戰(zhan)(zhan)役(yi)。
抗日戰爭
抗(kang)(kang)日戰(zhan)爭爆發(fa)時,黃克誠任(ren)八(ba)(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)總政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(bu)組(zu)織(zhi)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)長。在深(shen)入部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)調查研究后,向中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)建議恢復被(bei)取消的(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制度,以(yi)(yi)保持人民(min)軍(jun)隊(dui)的(de)光榮(rong)傳統(tong)(tong)和(he)優(you)良(liang)作風,很(hen)快被(bei)采納。不久(jiu)改任(ren)八(ba)(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)第(di)115師344旅(lv)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)旅(lv)長徐海東(dong)率(lv)(lv)部(bu)(bu)開(kai)展(zhan)敵后游擊戰(zhan)爭,參加晉(jin)察冀邊(bian)區(qu)反“八(ba)(ba)(ba)路(lu)圍攻”、晉(jin)東(dong)南(nan)(nan)反“九(jiu)路(lu)圍攻”,參與指揮溫塘、張店(dian)、町店(dian)等戰(zhan)斗,為創(chuang)建晉(jin)冀豫(yu)抗(kang)(kang)日根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)作出(chu)重(zhong)要貢獻。1940年2月(yue)(yue)(yue)起任(ren)八(ba)(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)第(di)2縱隊(dui)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、冀魯(lu)豫(yu)軍(jun)區(qu)司令(ling)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兼政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。5月(yue)(yue)(yue)率(lv)(lv)344旅(lv)和(he)新(xin)(xin)(xin)編第(di)2旅(lv)南(nan)(nan)下華(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)豫(yu)皖蘇(su)(su)邊(bian)區(qu),同(tong)彭雪楓率(lv)(lv)領的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)四軍(jun)第(di)6支(zhi)隊(dui)會(hui)合,組(zu)建八(ba)(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)第(di)4縱隊(dui)并任(ren)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。8月(yue)(yue)(yue)又奉命轉赴皖東(dong)北(bei)(bei),將(jiang)淮河以(yi)(yi)北(bei)(bei)、津(jin)浦路(lu)以(yi)(yi)東(dong)由中(zhong)(zhong)共領導的(de)數支(zhi)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)統(tong)(tong)一整編為八(ba)(ba)(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)第(di)5縱隊(dui),任(ren)司令(ling)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兼政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。隨即率(lv)(lv)部(bu)(bu)東(dong)進淮海,南(nan)(nan)下鹽(yan)(yan)城、阜寧,同(tong)發(fa)起黃橋戰(zhan)役(yi)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)四軍(jun)蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)(bu)隊(dui)在白(bai)駒鎮(zhen)會(hui)師,共同(tong)創(chuang)建蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)抗(kang)(kang)日根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di),打開(kai)了(le)華(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)局(ju)面,并打通(tong)了(le)華(hua)北(bei)(bei)、華(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)兩(liang)大戰(zhan)略區(qu)的(de)聯(lian)系。1941年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)皖南(nan)(nan)事變后,所(suo)部(bu)(bu)改編為新(xin)(xin)(xin)四軍(jun)第(di)3師,任(ren)師長兼政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)軍(jun)區(qu)司令(ling)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)兼政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)共蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)區(qu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)書記。他放手(shou)發(fa)動群(qun)眾(zhong),爭取中(zhong)(zhong)間力(li)量,建立(li)民(min)主政(zheng)權,擴大抗(kang)(kang)日武裝,清剿土匪(fei)頑劣(lie),實行減租減息,組(zu)織(zhi)生產自救,開(kai)展(zhan)反“偽化”、反“蠶(can)食”斗爭,領導根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)軍(jun)民(min)粉碎日偽軍(jun)多次大規模“掃蕩(dang)”,并于1944年4月(yue)(yue)(yue)開(kai)始發(fa)動局(ju)部(bu)(bu)反攻,指揮高(gao)溝楊口戰(zhan)斗,使淮海、鹽(yan)(yan)阜兩(liang)塊根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)地(di)(di)基本(ben)連成(cheng)一片(pian)。日本(ben)投降前后組(zu)織(zhi)實施阜寧戰(zhan)役(yi)和(he)兩(liang)淮戰(zhan)役(yi),解(jie)放蘇(su)(su)北(bei)(bei)大部(bu)(bu)地(di)(di)區(qu)。
解放戰爭
1945年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)14日,黃克(ke)誠以(yi)個人(ren)(ren)名義向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)發電,提(ti)出《對當前(qian)局勢和(he)軍(jun)(jun)事方針(zhen)的(de)意見》,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)立(li)(li)即派(pai)部(bu)隊(dui)赴東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei),并應(ying)盡量(liang)多(duo)派(pai),“至少(shao)應(ying)有5萬人(ren)(ren),能去10萬人(ren)(ren)為最(zui)好(hao)”,以(yi)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)一塊大(da)(da)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)根據(ju)地(di)(di)。9月(yue)(yue)23日,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)軍(jun)(jun)委即令其率(lv)(lv)新四軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)3師主(zhu)力(li)(li)3萬余(yu)人(ren)(ren)進軍(jun)(jun)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)。9月(yue)(yue)28日率(lv)(lv)部(bu)出發,馬不停蹄,日夜兼程,跨隴(long)海、過黃河、穿津浦、越華北(bei)(bei)(bei),于(yu)11月(yue)(yue)25日進抵遼寧錦州附近,勝(sheng)利完(wan)成挺(ting)進東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)。鑒于(yu)國民黨軍(jun)(jun)正(zheng)以(yi)優勢兵(bing)力(li)(li)向(xiang)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)推進,又(you)向(xiang)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)部(bu)隊(dui)暫不在大(da)(da)城(cheng)市(shi)和(he)交(jiao)通(tong)干(gan)線作(zuo)戰(zhan)(zhan),而以(yi)一部(bu)主(zhu)力(li)(li)占領中(zhong)(zhong)小城(cheng)市(shi),并建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)鄉村根據(ju)地(di)(di),做長(chang)期斗(dou)爭(zheng)準備。1946年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)起(qi)任(ren)(ren)西(xi)(xi)滿(man)(man)軍(jun)(jun)區(qu)副(fu)(fu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委員(yuan)(yuan)、司(si)令員(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)西(xi)(xi)滿(man)(man)分(fen)(fen)局副(fu)(fu)書(shu)記(ji)、代理(li)書(shu)記(ji),堅(jian)決執行(xing)毛澤(ze)東(dong)關(guan)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)鞏固(gu)的(de)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)根據(ju)地(di)(di)的(de)戰(zhan)(zhan)略(lve)方針(zhen),領導創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)西(xi)(xi)滿(man)(man)根據(ju)地(di)(di),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)民民主(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)權。3~4月(yue)(yue)抓住蘇聯(lian)紅(hong)軍(jun)(jun)撤離(li)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)有利時(shi)機,指揮所部(bu)殲(jian)滅國民黨收編的(de)偽(wei)軍(jun)(jun)警,相繼(ji)占領四平(ping)、長(chang)春等大(da)(da)城(cheng)市(shi),繳獲大(da)(da)批武器裝備和(he)軍(jun)(jun)用物資。1947年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)(yue)任(ren)(ren)東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)民主(zhu)聯(lian)軍(jun)(jun)副(fu)(fu)司(si)令員(yuan)(yuan)兼后(hou)勤(qin)司(si)令員(yuan)(yuan)、政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委員(yuan)(yuan),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)起(qi)較完(wan)善(shan)的(de)后(hou)勤(qin)保障體系(xi)和(he)規章制度。1948年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)任(ren)(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)冀(ji)察(cha)熱(re)遼分(fen)(fen)局書(shu)記(ji)兼冀(ji)察(cha)熱(re)遼軍(jun)(jun)區(qu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委員(yuan)(yuan)、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)野戰(zhan)(zhan)軍(jun)(jun)第(di)(di)2兵(bing)團(tuan)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委員(yuan)(yuan),領導當地(di)(di)軍(jun)(jun)民全(quan)力(li)(li)支(zhi)援主(zhu)力(li)(li)部(bu)隊(dui)決戰(zhan)(zhan)遼沈。1949年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)任(ren)(ren)天(tian)津市(shi)軍(jun)(jun)管會主(zhu)任(ren)(ren)、中(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)天(tian)津市(shi)委書(shu)記(ji)。因副(fu)(fu)書(shu)記(ji)為黃敬、黃火(huo)青(qing),故人(ren)(ren)稱“三黃治(zhi)津”。
建國以后
全(quan)(quan)國解(jie)(jie)放(fang)前夕黃克誠被任命(ming)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)湖南(nan)省委書(shu)(shu)記、湖南(nan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)區司令員(yuan)(yuan)兼(jian)(jian)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委員(yuan)(yuan),領(ling)導了建(jian)(jian)國初期(qi)湖南(nan)境內(nei)的剿匪作戰、鎮(zhen)壓反革命(ming)、土地改革、恢復(fu)和發展生產等各項(xiang)工作。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)調任人民(min)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)副總參(can)謀(mou)長(chang)兼(jian)(jian)總后(hou)勤(qin)部(bu)部(bu)長(chang)、政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)委員(yuan)(yuan),主持建(jian)(jian)立全(quan)(quan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)后(hou)勤(qin)工作的正規制度。1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)任中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)委秘書(shu)(shu)長(chang)、國防部(bu)副部(bu)長(chang)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)財經領(ling)導小組成員(yuan)(yuan)。1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)當選中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)第八屆(jie)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)委員(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)書(shu)(shu)記處書(shu)(shu)記。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)任人民(min)解(jie)(jie)放(fang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總參(can)謀(mou)長(chang),組織全(quan)(quan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)實施精(jing)簡整編,加強正規化(hua)與合(he)成化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)局擴大會議(yi)(廬(lu)山會議(yi))上(shang),因(yin)對“大躍進”、“人民(min)公社”運動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的“左”傾錯誤直(zhi)言(yan)批評,同(tong)彭德(de)懷等人一起被定(ding)為“反黨集(ji)團(tuan)”,受(shou)到長(chang)期(qi)審(shen)查并被撤(che)銷一切職務。“文(wen)化(hua)大革命(ming)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又遭(zao)關押,身心受(shou)到嚴重摧殘(can)。
1977年(nian)(nian)12月黃克誠出任(ren)中(zhong)央(yang)軍(jun)委(wei)(wei)顧問。1978年(nian)(nian)12月在中(zhong)共(gong)十一屆三中(zhong)全會(hui)上被增補(bu)為中(zhong)央(yang)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan),并當(dang)選中(zhong)央(yang)紀律檢查委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)會(hui)常務書記。1980年(nian)(nian)6月,中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang)予(yu)以正(zheng)式(shi)平反。1982年(nian)(nian)后任(ren)中(zhong)紀委(wei)(wei)第二書記,在年(nian)(nian)邁體衰、雙目失明(ming)的情況下(xia)仍堅持工作(zuo),為貫徹(che)新時期黨的方針政(zheng)策、撥(bo)亂反正(zheng)、端正(zheng)黨風、平反冤假(jia)錯案、正(zheng)確評價毛(mao)澤(ze)東和毛(mao)澤(ze)東思(si)想(xiang)的歷史地位與(yu)作(zuo)用等作(zuo)出重要(yao)貢(gong)獻。
1986年(nian)12月28日(ri),因(yin)病在北京(jing)逝世,享年(nian)84歲。
主要成就
(1)1934年10月率部作為前(qian)衛(wei)開始長征,連續突破國民(min)(min)黨(dang)軍(jun)四道封鎖線,并浴血(xue)奮戰湘江(jiang)南(nan)岸(an),頑強抗擊數(shu)倍國民(min)(min)黨(dang)軍(jun)的輪(lun)番進攻,掩護中共(gong)中央和(he)軍(jun)委(wei)縱隊渡江(jiang)。
(2)紅軍(jun)(jun)(jun)在(zai)改(gai)編為八(ba)路(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)之初(chu),受(shou)時勢和新(xin)體(ti)制(zhi)所限,一度(du)取(qu)消(xiao)了(le)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)員(yuan)建制(zhi),政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)機關的(de)功能也大為削(xue)弱(ruo),部隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)舊軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)習氣有所抬(tai)頭。黃克誠在(zai)深入部隊(dui)調查研究(jiu)后,向中(zhong)(zhong)央建議恢復(fu)被(bei)取(qu)消(xiao)的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)委(wei)員(yuan)制(zhi)度(du),很快被(bei)采納,對(dui)繼承和發揚人民軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)的(de)優(you)良傳統和作風,保持人民軍(jun)(jun)(jun)隊(dui)的(de)本色(se),具有重(zhong)要的(de)歷史意義。
(3)1940年(nian)8月黃克誠率部東進(jin)淮海,南下鹽城、阜寧(ning),同(tong)發起黃橋戰役的(de)新四軍(jun)蘇北部隊在白駒(ju)鎮會師(shi),共同(tong)創(chuang)建蘇北抗(kang)日根據地(di),打開(kai)了華(hua)(hua)中抗(kang)戰的(de)新局面,并打通(tong)了華(hua)(hua)北、華(hua)(hua)中兩大(da)戰略區的(de)聯系。
(4)1945年9月14日,黃克誠以個人名義向中共中央發電,提出《對當前局勢和軍(jun)事(shi)方針(zhen)的意見(jian)》,建(jian)議(yi)立即(ji)派部隊赴東北(bei),并應盡量多派,以創建(jian)一塊大的戰略根(gen)據(ju)地。9月23日,中央軍(jun)委即(ji)令黃克誠率新四(si)軍(jun)第(di)3師(shi)主(zhu)力3萬余人進軍(jun)東北(bei),勝利完成挺進東北(bei)的戰略任(ren)務。
(5)1982年以后,黃克誠任中紀委第二書記,在年邁體衰(shuai)、雙目失明的情(qing)況下仍堅持(chi)工作,為貫徹(che)新(xin)時期黨的方針(zhen)政策、撥亂反(fan)正、端正黨風(feng)、平反(fan)冤假錯案、正確評價毛澤東和毛澤東思想(xiang)的歷史地位與作用等作出重要貢獻(xian)。
(6)1955年(nian)黃克(ke)(ke)誠被授予(yu)大(da)將軍(jun)銜,獲(huo)一(yi)(yi)級(ji)八(ba)一(yi)(yi)勛章(zhang),一(yi)(yi)級(ji)獨(du)立自(zi)由勛章(zhang),一(yi)(yi)級(ji)解(jie)放勛章(zhang)。黃克(ke)(ke)誠是(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)屆(jie)(jie)全國(guo)人大(da)常(chang)委(wei)會委(wei)員(yuan),第(di)五屆(jie)(jie)全國(guo)人大(da)代(dai)表(biao),第(di)五屆(jie)(jie)全國(guo)政協常(chang)務(wu)委(wei)員(yuan),第(di)一(yi)(yi)、第(di)二屆(jie)(jie)國(guo)防委(wei)員(yuan)會委(wei)員(yuan),第(di)七屆(jie)(jie)中(zhong)央候(hou)補委(wei)員(yuan),第(di)八(ba)屆(jie)(jie)中(zhong)央委(wei)員(yuan),1978年(nian)在中(zhong)共十一(yi)(yi)屆(jie)(jie)三(san)中(zhong)全會上(shang)被增選(xuan)為中(zhong)央委(wei)員(yuan),中(zhong)紀委(wei)常(chang)務(wu)書記。
主要作品
文作
《目前軍事建設中的部隊政治工作(zuo)》
《關于(yu)對(dui)毛主席評價和對(dui)毛澤(ze)東思(si)想的(de)態度(du)問題(ti)》
《黃克誠自述》
《黃(huang)克(ke)誠回憶錄》
詩詞
七絕詩《思親》
七律詩《自況》
七律詩《有感》
七律詩《抒懷》
七(qi)絕詩《文革被抓》
七律詩《紀實》
七律詩《夢母》
詞《臨江(jiang)仙·游靈巖(yan)寺(si)》
詞《水(shui)調歌頭(tou)·太(tai)行(xing)山抗(kang)旱》
詞(ci)《水調歌(ge)頭·打井》
詞《江城子(zi)·憶彭(peng)德懷(huai)》
詞《蝶戀花(hua)·桃花(hua)》