1928年,張治中故居始建。
2013年,修復被日(ri)軍燒毀張治中故居(ju)。
從黃麓師范后門拾(shi)階(jie)而下(xia),過(guo)清水(shui)塘,就可(ke)到達張(zhang)將軍的故(gu)居(ju)。張(zhang)治中故(gu)居(ju)故(gu)居(ju)坐(zuo)西向東,背(bei)山面水(shui),磚(zhuan)木結構,小瓦屋(wu)面。正門旁(pang)懸掛(gua)著(zhu)趙樸初先生題寫的“張(zhang)治中故(gu)居(ju)”花崗巖匾額。
1989年,被(bei)定為(wei)省級文(wen)物保護(hu)單(dan)位。
1995年,被確定(ding)為(wei)巢湖市愛國主義教(jiao)育基地。
張治中故居大廳水(shui)泥地面是水(shui)磨石地板(ban)。地板(ban)中央(yang)依稀可(ke)見一(yi)幅圖案——五只蝙蝠捧(peng)著(zhu)一(yi)個變體的(de)(de)“壽”字,周圍點綴著(zhu)祥(xiang)云。“這叫‘五福(蝠)捧(peng)壽’,寓意‘福壽吉祥(xiang)’。它是采用(yong)(yong)中國(guo)元素,利用(yong)(yong)德國(guo)技術做(zuo)成的(de)(de)。”客廳里陳列著(zhu)介紹(shao)張治中將軍(jun)生平的(de)(de)圖片資料,每(mei)幅照片都記錄著(zhu)一(yi)段故事(shi)。位于大廳左側的(de)(de)臥室按當年的(de)(de)樣子擺設,再現將軍(jun)在此生活(huo)的(de)(de)情(qing)景(jing)。在故居的(de)(de)院子里,還有(you)棵將軍(jun)親手栽植的(de)(de)梓樹,枝(zhi)繁葉茂,有(you)兩(liang)人合抱那(nei)么粗。
張治中(zhong)(1890.10.27~1969.4.6),原(yuan)名本(ben)堯,字(zi)文(wen)白。國民黨(dang)二級陸(lu)(lu)軍上將(jiang),安徽(hui)省巢縣人(ren)(ren),愛國將(jiang)領,黃埔(pu)系骨干將(jiang)領,原(yuan)國民黨(dang)陸(lu)(lu)軍二級上將(jiang)。中(zhong)國國民黨(dang)革命委員會(hui)領導人(ren)(ren)之一。1969年4月6日,因病逝(shi)世(shi)。
張(zhang)治(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)生于1890年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)27日(清光(guang)緒十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)九月(yue)十四),其(qi)祖父(fu)(fu)是農民,父(fu)(fu)親是手工業(ye)者。張(zhang)治(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)六歲入(ru)塾,讀(du)書十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)。因少年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi)家境貧(pin)寒,此后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)6年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)四處奔波流浪,曾在(zai)(zai)(zai)安徽豐樂河(he)鎮(zhen)(今舒(shu)城縣)一(yi)(yi)位(wei)叫(jiao)呂為(wei)才的(de)(de)(de)老板經營(ying)的(de)(de)(de)“呂德勝(sheng)號”商鋪里做過(guo)學徒,從那時(shi)(shi)開始接觸并閱讀(du)報紙(zhi),喜(xi)歡寫字算賬,在(zai)(zai)(zai)他的(de)(de)(de)自傳中(zhong)(zhong),有意將此作(zuo)為(wei)人(ren)生漂泊的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)點。其(qi)后(hou)先后(hou)在(zai)(zai)(zai)揚州的(de)(de)(de)鹽務(wu)緝私營(ying)充過(guo)備補兵(bing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)安慶(qing)巡(xun)警局(ju)當(dang)過(guo)備補警察,后(hou)入(ru)揚州巡(xun)警教練所受(shou)訓,3 個月(yue)后(hou)畢業(ye),成(cheng)為(wei)正式警察。1911年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)辛亥革(ge)命(ming)爆發(fa)時(shi)(shi),張(zhang)治(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)(zai)揚州參(can)(can)(can)加(jia)反清起(qi)義,1912年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)進入(ru)陸(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第二預(yu)備學堂,1916年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畢業(ye)于保定(ding)陸(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)官學校(xiao)第三(san)期步兵(bing)科,次年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)到廣東參(can)(can)(can)加(jia)護(hu)法運動,歷任(ren)駐(zhu)粵(yue)滇軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)連長(chang)(chang)、營(ying)長(chang)(chang)、駐(zhu)粵(yue)桂(gui)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總(zong)部(bu)參(can)(can)(can)謀、師(shi)參(can)(can)(can)謀長(chang)(chang)和桂(gui)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)校(xiao)參(can)(can)(can)謀長(chang)(chang)等職,1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)初,對孫中(zhong)(zhong)山確(que)立三(san)大革(ge)命(ming)政策(ce)表示擁護(hu),6月(yue)任(ren)黃埔軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)校(xiao)學生總(zong)隊長(chang)(chang)、軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)團(tuan)團(tuan)長(chang)(chang),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)兼(jian)任(ren)國(guo)民革(ge)命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)第二師(shi)參(can)(can)(can)謀長(chang)(chang),廣州衛戍區司令部(bu)參(can)(can)(can)謀長(chang)(chang)等職,與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨人(ren)周恩來、惲代(dai)英(ying)密(mi)切合作(zuo),結成(cheng)深厚友誼。1926年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)參(can)(can)(can)加(jia)北伐(fa)戰(zhan)爭,先后(hou)任(ren)國(guo)民革(ge)命(ming)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總(zong)司令部(bu)副官處處長(chang)(chang)、黃埔軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)校(xiao)武漢(han)分校(xiao)教育長(chang)(chang)等職。后(hou)曾一(yi)(yi)度(du)到歐美進行考察。1928年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)后(hou)歷任(ren)國(guo)民黨中(zhong)(zhong)央陸(lu)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)官學校(xiao)訓練部(bu)主任(ren)、教育長(chang)(chang),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)兼(jian)任(ren)教導第二師(shi)師(shi)長(chang)(chang),參(can)(can)(can)加(jia)蔣介石對馮(feng)玉(yu)祥(xiang)、閻錫山等的(de)(de)(de)戰(zhan)爭。1932年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)兼(jian)任(ren)第五軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)(chang),率部(bu)參(can)(can)(can)加(jia)上海“一(yi)(yi)·二八(ba)”之役(yi),曾予(yu)日軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)以沉重打擊。1933年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)任(ren)國(guo)民黨第四軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)總(zong)指揮(hui),率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)入(ru)閩,參(can)(can)(can)與(yu)圍(wei)攻福(fu)建人(ren)民政府,1936年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)西安事變(bian)發(fa)生時(shi)(shi),他主張(zhang)和平解決。
1937年(nian)抗戰(zhan)(zhan)爆發后,任(ren)(ren)(ren)第九集團軍(jun)(jun)總司令(ling)兼左翼軍(jun)(jun)總司令(ling),參(can)(can)加(jia)上海“八·一三(san)”抗戰(zhan)(zhan)(淞滬會(hui)戰(zhan)(zhan)),取代何鍵擔(dan)任(ren)(ren)(ren)湖南省主席(xi)。從(cong)這年(nian)11月(yue)20日至(zhi)1939年(nian)2月(yue),在(zai)任(ren)(ren)(ren)一年(nian)零(ling)兩個月(yue),與中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)湖南省委(wei)合(he)作,推(tui)動湖南抗日救(jiu)亡運動迅猛(meng)發展,為(wei)(wei)正面(mian)抗戰(zhan)(zhan)的勝利奠定(ding)了(le)(le)思(si)想、組(zu)織和(he)群眾基礎,被當時(shi)中(zhong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)湖南省委(wei)負責人稱為(wei)(wei)湖南國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作的“黃金時(shi)代”。1940年(nian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府軍(jun)(jun)事(shi)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)政(zheng)治(zhi)部(bu)部(bu)長,兼三(san)民(min)(min)主義青年(nian)團書記長。1941年(nian)皖南事(shi)變后向(xiang)蔣(jiang)介石上書,主張(zhang)(zhang)繼續國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)合(he)作,共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)同(tong)(tong)抗日。1945年(nian)5月(yue)在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)六大(da)上,當選為(wei)(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)中(zhong)央執(zhi)行(xing)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)常(chang)務委(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。張(zhang)(zhang)治(zhi)中(zhong)受周恩來委(wei)托,到新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)成功的解救(jiu)了(le)(le)被盛(sheng)世才(cai)監(jian)禁(jin)多(duo)年(nian)的100多(duo)名(ming)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)干部(bu),使他們安全地回(hui)到延(yan)安,為(wei)(wei)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)保(bao)存了(le)(le)一批重要的骨干力(li)量。抗日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)勝利后,任(ren)(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)政(zheng)府西北(bei)(bei)行(xing)營(ying)主任(ren)(ren)(ren)兼新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)省主席(xi),曾(ceng)營(ying)救(jiu)過(guo)(guo)被盛(sheng)世才(cai)囚(qiu)禁(jin)于新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)的一批共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)回(hui)延(yan)安。在(zai)第二次(ci)(ci)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內革命戰(zhan)(zhan)爭(zheng)時(shi)期,他是一位沒(mei)有同(tong)(tong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)打過(guo)(guo)仗的國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)將(jiang)(jiang)領,被人們稱為(wei)(wei)“和(he)平(ping)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)”。他曾(ceng)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)代表(biao)(biao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)去(qu)延(yan)安同(tong)(tong)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)談判。1946年(nian)1月(yue)代表(biao)(biao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)參(can)(can)加(jia)軍(jun)(jun)調處三(san)人小組(zu),主張(zhang)(zhang)和(he)平(ping)解決國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內問題。1949年(nian)4月(yue)任(ren)(ren)(ren)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)政(zheng)府和(he)平(ping)談判代表(biao)(biao)團首席(xi)代表(biao)(biao),到北(bei)(bei)平(ping)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)產(chan)黨(dang)代表(biao)(biao)談判,雙方議(yi)定(ding)了(le)(le)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內和(he)平(ping)協(xie)定(ding)》八條二十四款。此協(xie)定(ding)遭(zao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)黨(dang)政(zheng)府拒(ju)絕后,接受了(le)(le)周恩來的懇勸留在(zai)北(bei)(bei)平(ping),并發表(biao)(biao)《對時(shi)局的聲明(ming)》。9月(yue),參(can)(can)加(jia)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人民(min)(min)政(zheng)治(zhi)協(xie)商(shang)會(hui)議(yi)第一屆全體會(hui)議(yi)和(he)開國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)典(dian),并促(cu)成了(le)(le)新(xin)疆(jiang)(jiang)和(he)平(ping)解放。
中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)建(jian)立后(hou),歷任(ren)西北(bei)軍政委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席、全(quan)國(guo)人民代表大會(hui)常(chang)務委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)副(fu)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)長、中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國(guo)國(guo)防委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席、政協全(quan)國(guo)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)、中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)民黨革(ge)命委(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)中(zhong)央副(fu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)席等職,對促進民族團(tuan)結和(he)社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義建(jian)設事業,作(zuo)出了(le)貢獻。1969年(nian)4月6日在北(bei)京(jing)逝(shi)世。著有《張治中(zhong)回憶錄》等。