鄱陽(yang)湖國家濕(shi)地公(gong)園包含烏金汊景區(qu),白沙洲(zhou)景區(qu)和大草原(yuan)景區(qu)。濕(shi)地資(zi)源類型(xing)眾多,極具代表性。薈萃可(ke)鄱陽(yang)湖水,鳥,草,魚(yu)等自然精華。
鄱陽湖四季美景交替,日月輪轉,湖上美景各不相同,白看不厭。豐水季節煙波浩淼,氣勢磅礴,枯水季節水落灘出,蘆荻飛舞,每年11月至次年4月,世界98%的珍惜候鳥種群會相繼來此越冬,繁衍生息,場景蔚為壯觀。在鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)國家濕地公園,游客(ke)可以暢游美麗湖(hu)(hu)泊,盡享水上激(ji)情,遨(ao)游湖(hu)(hu)底草(cao)原(yuan),觀賞候鳥奇觀,品(pin)嘗特色湖(hu)(hu)鮮,體驗湖(hu)(hu)泊文明(ming),忘記(ji)都市喧囂,做回大(da)自然的孩(hai)子。
鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)縣人民與(yu)(yu)鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)結下了不解(jie)之緣,老百(bai)姓的(de)血(xue)(xue)管里面都浸透(tou)了鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)歷史和(he)文化。百(bai)萬鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)人民長期以(yi)(yi)(yi)來撒網打(da)漁,以(yi)(yi)(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)生;筑(zhu)屋(wu)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)濱,以(yi)(yi)(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)家;退田還(huan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),以(yi)(yi)(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)友;在(zai)抗洪搶險當中,以(yi)(yi)(yi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)敵。在(zai)千百(bai)年(nian)的(de)航運史上,鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)的(de)興(xing)衰與(yu)(yu)鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)息(xi)息(xi)相關,有(you)血(xue)(xue)有(you)淚也(ye)有(you)笑(xiao)。在(zai)水(shui)運非常繁榮的(de)時候,鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)富(fu)(fu)甲天下,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)說是(shi)江南(nan)富(fu)(fu)饒(rao)的(de)縣之一,饒(rao)州就是(shi)富(fu)(fu)饒(rao)之州。但隨(sui)著(zhu)公路、鐵路的(de)興(xing)起,水(shui)運的(de)衰落(luo),鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)經過了陣痛,失去了原(yuan)來的(de)區位優(you)勢。在(zai)鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)興(xing)衰的(de)過程當中,逐漸形成(cheng)了四種文化,成(cheng)為(wei)了鄱(po)(po)(po)(po)陽(yang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)文化典型的(de)代表(biao)。
景(jing)區(qu)先后被(bei)評(ping)為:國(guo)家級(ji)濕(shi)地公園(yuan)、國(guo)家4A級(ji)景(jing)區(qu)、江(jiang)西省新旅游(you)景(jing)區(qu)、江(jiang)西省先進(jin)旅游(you)景(jing)區(qu)、長江(jiang)濕(shi)地保護網絡自然學校(xiao)、全國(guo)科普教育示(shi)范基地、全球生(sheng)命(ming)湖(hu)泊佳保護實踐獎、國(guo)家重點建設(she)濕(shi)地公園(yuan)、國(guo)家級(ji)生(sheng)態旅游(you)示(shi)范區(qu)、國(guo)家級(ji)休(xiu)閑漁業示(shi)范基地、全國(guo)濕(shi)地旅游(you)示(shi)范區(qu)、美(mei)麗中國(guo)·魅力(li)濕(shi)地特別關注獎等榮(rong)譽(yu)稱號(hao)。
是內珠湖較高的一座山峰(feng),海拔(ba)83米,398個臺階。因其非(fei)常像農民、漁夫(fu)勞作時戴在頭上的斗笠而得(de)名。
高三(san)十米(mi),用全(quan)銅打造。饒(rao)娥(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)鄱陽人,是(shi)中國古代(dai)十二大烈女(nv)當中的孝女(nv)。后人敬稱饒(rao)娥(e)(e)為(wei)(wei)“鄱湖女(nv)神”。
是一條(tiao)延(yan)綿五六公里的山脈,因(yin)其整(zheng)體像一條(tiao)張嘴大吼的龍二得名。陳友諒與朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋大戰(zhan)鄱陽(yang)湖時,朱(zhu)(zhu)元璋的軍隊就駐扎在此地。龍吼山山上(shang)有個洪門城堡的遺址,為淮王朱(zhu)(zhu)瞻墺所建。
也被稱為黃(huang)溪山(shan)(shan)。黃(huang)溪山(shan)(shan)原(yuan)來有一座廟,供(gong)奉南海觀世音(yin)菩(pu)薩,四季香火旺盛。和尚在山(shan)(shan)上(shang)栽種(zhong)了(le)很多(duo)果(guo)樹。1036年,范仲淹貶任饒州(zhou)(zhou)知州(zhou)(zhou),慕(mu)名來到這里。如今的(de)黃(huang)溪山(shan)(shan)是鳥(niao)的(de)天堂,鳥(niao)的(de)樂園。鳥(niao)島上(shang)共有30余種(zhong)鳥(niao)類,尤(you)其以鷺(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)較多(duo)。據觀察,僅鷺(lu)(lu)鳥(niao)就有9種(zhong)。他(ta)們是小(xiao)白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、中白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、大(da)白(bai)鷺(lu)(lu)、夜鷺(lu)(lu)、池鷺(lu)(lu)、蒼鷺(lu)(lu)、草鷺(lu)(lu)、牛背鷺(lu)(lu)、白(bai)琵鷺(lu)(lu)。
依(yi)畔(pan)水生植物(wu)(wu)園,自(zi)然(ran)生存在(zai)濕地(di)環境(jing)中。包括丹頂鶴(he)4只、東方白鸛2只、白鶴(he)1只、灰鶴(he)4只、蓑羽鶴(he)80只。鶴(he)的自(zi)然(ran)壽(shou)命很長,可(ke)以活(huo)到50、60歲(sui),是長壽(shou)動物(wu)(wu)。訓練的鶴(he)可(ke)以表演(yan)舞蹈(dao),給人按摩(mo)。CCTV在(zai)多(duo)次來此錄制節目(mu)。
是鄱陽湖國家濕地(di)公園重要組成部分,也(ye)是中國唯一的(de)濕地(di)科(ke)學館。整個建筑(zhu)共分兩層,建筑(zhu)總面積為3300平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米,展覽面積1800平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米 。
在(zai)天(tian)鵝(e)(e)湖中人(ren)工馴養候(hou)鳥包括丹頂鶴(he)、東方白鸛(guan)、蓑羽鶴(he)、大白天(tian)鵝(e)(e)、灰天(tian)鵝(e)(e)等(deng),豐(feng)富了(le)鄱陽(yang)湖珍(zhen)稀候(hou)鳥種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun),完善(shan)鄱陽(yang)湖生態資(zi)源結(jie)構(gou)(gou),也為珍(zhen)稀動(dong)物(wu)研(yan)究提供物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)資(zi)源,并為科普教育(yu)提供了(le)真實案(an)例。所有珍(zhen)禽在(zai)天(tian)鵝(e)(e)湖中常(chang)年(nian)生活和表(biao)演,并繁育(yu)后代,進一步恢復(fu)鄱陽(yang)湖濕(shi)地(di)鳥類(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)群(qun)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)。天(tian)鵝(e)(e)繁育(yu)及領(ling)養也是該項目的一大特色(se)。2011年(nian)4月在(zai)孵化樓孵人(ren)工化出鄱陽(yang)湖國家濕(shi)地(di)公園第一批候(hou)鳥——24只(zhi)灰天(tian)鵝(e)(e)。
是半潛(qian)式玻璃欄(lan)桿結構,人(ren)在(zai)水下走,魚在(zai)水中游,零距離體(ti)驗鄱陽湖(hu)魚類的(de)多(duo)樣性。
站在(zai)觀湖平臺上觀看鄱陽湖國家(jia)濕(shi)地公園,共100平方公里。
生(sheng)態環境(jing)良(liang)好(hao),夏天晚(wan)上沒有(you)蚊子。村子里(li)面(mian)有(you)一(yi)座(zuo)保存完好(hao)明代寺廟永(yong)青殿(dian),距今有(you)四百年的歷史。里(li)面(mian)供奉的是湖神萬(wan)法(fa)祖師,當地的漁民(min)捕魚前都會祭祀萬(wan)法(fa)祖師,保佑(you)自己平安歸來。
又被稱(cheng)為(wei)“鄱陽湖草(cao)(cao)(cao)海”。傳說(shuo)(shuo)這(zhe)里(li)原(yuan)先(xian)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)幾十戶人家(jia)的(de)(de)小村(cun)莊,因(yin)洲上土壤(rang)肥沃(wo),村(cun)子的(de)(de)四(si)周(zhou)種(zhong)了(le)很多芝麻(ma),家(jia)家(jia)都有(you)磨(mo)香油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)坊,因(yin)此得(de)名香油(you)(you)(you)洲。另一(yi)種(zhong)說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)是(shi),豐(feng)水期(qi)時,這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)被肥沃(wo)的(de)(de)淤泥淹沒了(le),等枯水期(qi)時,草(cao)(cao)(cao)慢慢發芽(ya)生(sheng)長,有(you)的(de)(de)草(cao)(cao)(cao)高可達(da)1.5米,在陽光的(de)(de)照射下(xia),熠(yi)(yi)熠(yi)(yi)發光,上面就像浮了(le)一(yi)層油(you)(you)(you),并伴(ban)有(you)濃郁的(de)(de)清香味,因(yin)此就叫(jiao)香油(you)(you)(you)洲。
90元(大門(men)票(piao)+內湖船票(piao))
飛機:
南昌/九江/上饒機場——城(cheng)市(shi)長途客車——鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)縣——乘坐旅(lv)游大巴——鄱(po)(po)陽(yang)湖國(guo)家濕地(di)公園景區(qu)
火車:
九江站(zhan)——城(cheng)市(shi)長途客(ke)運站(zhan)——鄱陽縣——鄱陽湖國家濕(shi)地公園
高鐵:
田畈(fan)街站——鄱陽湖國家濕地公園
自駕:
1、南昌出發:
從南(nan)昌(chang)市出發——沿昌(chang)東南(nan)樞紐朝鷹(ying)潭方向行駛——德昌(chang)高速(su)——鄱(po)陽珠湖收費站出口——經(jing)鄱(po)陽縣城(cheng)——鄱(po)陽湖國家濕地(di)公園(yuan)烏金汊游客服(fu)務中心。
2、上饒市或鷹(ying)潭出發:
沿鷹潭樞紐——景鷹高速——鄱陽蘆田出口(kou)——經鄱陽縣(xian)城——鄱陽湖國家濕地公(gong)園(yuan)烏金汊游客(ke)服務中心。
3、九江市或景德鎮出發:
沿杭瑞(rui)高速(su)九景段——鄱(po)陽(yang)田畈(fan)街經(jing)鄱(po)陽(yang)縣城——鄱(po)陽(yang)湖國家濕地公園烏金汊游客服務(wu)中心(xin)。
縣內交通:
1、在(zai)縣城內乘坐出租車到鄱陽(yang)湖國(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)地公園,車程15分鐘,費用(yong)大概(gai)50元左右。
2、在縣城汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)站乘坐團林-鄱陽湖國家濕地公園中巴車(che)(che)(che),坐到(dao)終點站下(xia)車(che)(che)(che)即(ji)到(dao)。車(che)(che)(che)程20分鐘左右,費用10元。
公園位(wei)于東(dong)南(nan)地(di)洼區(qu)贛桂地(di)洼系東(dong)北(bei)端。元古代起進入地(di)槽(cao)(cao)階段。震旦紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)后期地(di)槽(cao)(cao)封閉為陸臺。志留紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)至下泥盆紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),形成了(le)北(bei)北(bei)東(dong)——南(nan)南(nan)西(xi)向褶皺狀山(shan)脈。石炭紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)至二(er)疊(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼下降。二(er)疊(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)末、三疊(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)初,海西(xi)運動(dong)(dong)發(fa)生。三疊(die)(die)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)中,南(nan)部(bu)、中部(bu)下沉,形成砂(sha)頁(ye)巖含(han)煤建造。侏羅(luo)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)末,發(fa)生燕山(shan)運動(dong)(dong),伴隨激烈(lie)的火成巖活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)。白堊(e)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開始,地(di)殼活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)更(geng)加強(qiang)烈(lie),西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)急速(su)(su)下降,末期燕山(shan)運動(dong)(dong)結(jie)束(shu),地(di)殼又急速(su)(su)上升(sheng),至第(di)四紀(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),地(di)殼活(huo)(huo)動(dong)(dong)以(yi)升(sheng)降為主(zhu),湖濱及各支流堆積不等的沖(chong)積、淤積層(ceng)。各期地(di)層(ceng),除(chu)古代部(bu)分缺失外,均有出露。
公園(yuan)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)由低(di)山(shan)、丘陵和(he)(he)平(ping)原(yuan)組成。西南角低(di),為鄱陽湖盆地(di)。以高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)成因為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)依據(ju),公園(yuan)地(di)貌(mao)具體分為三類(lei):構造剝蝕低(di)山(shan)丘陵區高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)100~200米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,高峰為尖頂峰,海拔124.8米(mi);侵蝕剝蝕壟崗區高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)50~100米(mi)之(zhi)(zhi)間,巖(yan)底有變質(zhi)巖(yan)、沉積(ji)巖(yan)、紅(hong)色砂巖(yan)三種;堆積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)高程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)50米(mi)以下,包(bao)括河谷沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)、三角洲平(ping)原(yuan)、淤(yu)積(ji)平(ping)原(yuan)三種。
土壤質地:
公園屬(shu)于鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)盆地,是江西第四系(xi)沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)中心,以河流、湖(hu)泊相沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)主,沉(chen)(chen)積(ji)(ji)(ji)物(wu)粒度總的趨勢是自下而上由(you)粗變(bian)細(xi)。一般(ban)厚(hou)度變(bian)化規律是河谷向(xiang)湖(hu)區增大,厚(hou)度約為(wei)30~40米(mi),在三(san)角(jiao)洲前緣(yuan)可(ke)達76米(mi)。區內基本(ben)為(wei)三(san)角(jiao)洲平原(yuan),主要(yao)分布(bu)比較均一的壤土(tu)質地。
土壤類型與分布:
公園內(nei)主要發育有5種(zhong)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類(lei)型:紅壤(rang)(rang)(棕紅壤(rang)(rang))、水稻土(tu)、黃(huang)褐土(tu)、沖積土(tu)和潮(chao)土(tu)(濕潮(chao)土(tu)),其分布(bu)與(yu)高程和微地形有關,由湖岸向湖心成帶狀分異基(ji)礎上的(de)鑲(xiang)嵌分布(bu)。
公園(yuan)地處亞熱(re)帶地區,氣候溫(wen)和,雨量(liang)充沛,四季分明,日照充足,無霜期長。
(1)氣溫(wen)(wen):年均氣溫(wen)(wen)16.9℃~17.7℃之間。七月(yue)份(fen)氣溫(wen)(wen)最(zui)高,平均氣溫(wen)(wen)29.6℃,極端(duan)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)39.7℃;一月(yue)份(fen)氣溫(wen)(wen)最(zui)低(di),平均氣溫(wen)(wen)5.0℃,極端(duan)最(zui)低(di)氣溫(wen)(wen)為-13.3℃。
(2)日(ri)照(zhao):濕地(di)公園屬光資(zi)源豐富的地(di)區。年平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)時數達2000小時以上,日(ri)照(zhao)百分(fen)率(lv)平(ping)(ping)均為(wei)40%以上。日(ri)照(zhao)最多(duo)月(yue)(yue)份為(wei)7~8月(yue)(yue),日(ri)照(zhao)最少月(yue)(yue)份為(wei)2~3月(yue)(yue),太陽輻射(she)量年平(ping)(ping)均115.6千卡/平(ping)(ping)方厘米。
(3)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng):冬季受(shou)大陸高壓影(ying)響,地面多為偏(pian)北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。夏季受(shou)副熱(re)帶高壓控制,偶(ou)有臺風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)影(ying)響,地面多偏(pian)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)。春秋為過(guo)渡性季節,偏(pian)北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)和偏(pian)南(nan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)可以互見,但以東北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)為主,西北(bei)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)也時有可見。平均風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速3.0米(mi)/秒,最大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速為30米(mi)/秒,各(ge)月風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)速2.5~3.7米(mi)/秒。年(nian)平均大風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)日數9.7日。
(4)降(jiang)雨(yu):降(jiang)雨(yu)受季風氣(qi)候的(de)影(ying)響,夏季明顯(xian)多于冬季。年平均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量1600毫(hao)米。降(jiang)水(shui)量年際變化大,降(jiang)水(shui)季節(jie)也差異(yi)很大。年平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)日為140.9天。
(5)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong):霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)有早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)、晚(wan)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong),10月到11月出現(xian)的霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)為早霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong),3、4月出現(xian)的霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)為晚(wan)霜(shuang)(shuang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)。平均無霜(shuang)(shuang)期為274.5天
公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)被(bei)具有植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)豐富、地(di)(di)(di)理成分(fen)復雜多(duo)樣、廣布植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)繁(fan)多(duo)的(de)特點。據(ju)不(bu)完全統計,共有維管束濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)141種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),隸屬(shu)43科(ke),99屬(shu)。其中蕨類(lei)(lei)(lei)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)4科(ke)5屬(shu)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);裸(luo)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)1科(ke)2屬(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)38科(ke)92屬(shu)134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以菊科(ke)(Compositae)、禾本(ben)科(ke)(Gramineae)、莎草科(ke)(Cyperaceae)為優(you)勢科(ke)。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園內的(de)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別(bie)占江西(xi)省濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)維管束植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總科(ke)數(shu)(shu)、總屬(shu)數(shu)(shu)、總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)41.18%、34.74%、23.23%。在(zai)(zai)141種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中,有浮水植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),沉水植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),挺(ting)水植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),濕(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)94種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),浮水、沉水、挺(ting)水和濕(shi)(shi)生植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)別(bie)占濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)總數(shu)(shu)的(de)11.35%、8.51%、13.48%和66.66%。這(zhe)些數(shu)(shu)據(ju)充分(fen)說(shuo)明了鄱陽湖濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)豐富的(de)特點,也表明該(gai)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園所在(zai)(zai)區(qu)(qu)也是(shi)江西(xi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)植(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)較(jiao)豐富的(de)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)。
通過實地調查(cha)和(he)原始資料的(de)整理,在公園(yuan)先后(hou)發現野生脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物共(gong)計249種(zhong),隸屬于33目77科,其種(zhong)數(shu)為江(jiang)西已知脊(ji)椎(zhui)動(dong)(dong)物總(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)29.0%。其中列為國(guo)家一級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)野生動(dong)(dong)物4種(zhong),國(guo)家二級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)野生動(dong)(dong)物17種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)江(jiang)西省(sheng)國(guo)家重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物總(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)24.4%;省(sheng)級重(zhong)(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)動(dong)(dong)物63種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)數(shu)的(de)56.8%。
魚類:
魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有6目(mu)14科68種,種數(shu)占(zhan)(zhan)江西已知魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的33.2%。魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中以鯉科魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)為主,種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)56.0%,經濟(ji)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)總種數(shu)的81.4%。如(ru)鯉、鯽(ji)(ji)、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、餐條、鳊(bian)、紅鰭(qi)鲌(ba)、鰱(lian)、鳙、黃(huang)尾鲴、翹嘴紅鲌(ba)、泥鰍、鯰(nian)(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、胡子鯰(nian)(nian)、烏鱧、鱖(gui)等(deng)。鄱陽(yang)湖國家(jia)濕地公園內(nei)的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)從生態(tai)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型劃分,絕大(da)(da)多數(shu)屬廣布性緩水(shui)流魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)和靜水(shui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei),如(ru)鯉、鯽(ji)(ji)、鳊(bian)、魴、鰱(lian)、鳙等(deng)。以食(shi)(shi)性劃分,調查所獲的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)中,草(cao)食(shi)(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)6種,占(zhan)(zhan)8.8%;雜(za)食(shi)(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)44種,占(zhan)(zhan)64.7%;肉食(shi)(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)18種,占(zhan)(zhan)26.5%,雜(za)食(shi)(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)占(zhan)(zhan)大(da)(da)多數(shu),草(cao)食(shi)(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)所占(zhan)(zhan)比例(li)較小,肉食(shi)(shi)性魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)不僅種類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)增加,而(er)且數(shu)量(liang)較以前(qian)增多。有長吻鮠、鰻鱺(li)、暗(an)紋東方鲀、吻鰕虎魚(yu)(yu)(yu)為江西省重(zhong)點保(bao)護野生動物。經濟(ji)價值較高而(er)且產(chan)量(liang)較大(da)(da)的魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鰱(lian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鳙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯉魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鯽(ji)(ji)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、泥鰍、鯰(nian)(nian)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃(huang)鱔(shan)、黃(huang)顙魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鱖(gui)、鰻鱺(li)等(deng)。
兩棲動物:
兩(liang)(liang)棲(qi)(qi)動物有(you)2目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)12種(zhong),其種(zhong)數(shu)為(wei)江(jiang)(jiang)西已知兩(liang)(liang)棲(qi)(qi)動物的(de)(de)30.8%。其中蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)種(zhong)類最多有(you)為(wei)1屬7種(zhong),約占58.3%,鋤足蟾(chan)(chan)科(ke)(ke)、蟾(chan)(chan)蜍科(ke)(ke)、樹(shu)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)、雨(yu)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)和(he)姬(ji)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)科(ke)(ke)均為(wei)1屬1種(zhong),各占8.3%,無尾目(mu)共有(you)6科(ke)(ke)6屬12種(zhong)。其中國(guo)家二級重點保(bao)護(hu)兩(liang)(liang)棲(qi)(qi)動物1種(zhong),即(ji)虎紋(wen)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa),國(guo)家保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)有(you)益的(de)(de)或者有(you)重要經濟、科(ke)(ke)學研(yan)究(jiu)價(jia)值的(de)(de)陸生(sheng)野(ye)生(sheng)動物11種(zhong),即(ji)東方(fang)蠑(rong)螈、淡肩角蟾(chan)(chan)、中華大(da)蟾(chan)(chan)蜍、日本林蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、黑斑(ban)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、沼蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、澤(ze)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、金線蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、大(da)樹(shu)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)、中國(guo)雨(yu)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)和(he)飾(shi)紋(wen)姬(ji)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa);其中東方(fang)蠑(rong)螈、中華大(da)蟾(chan)(chan)蜍和(he)黑斑(ban)蛙(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)還是江(jiang)(jiang)西省重點保(bao)護(hu)野(ye)生(sheng)動物。
爬行動物:
爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)2目(mu)8科(ke)24種(zhong),其種(zhong)數(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)江西已知爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的30.4%。其中(zhong)龜鱉(bie)目(mu)2科(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong),包括(kuo)龜科(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)及鱉(bie)科(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),分別約(yue)(yue)占該(gai)地爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總種(zhong)數(shu)的4.2%。有(you)鱗目(mu)6科(ke)19屬(shu)(shu)22種(zhong),其中(zhong)游蛇(she)(she)(she)科(ke)種(zhong)類最多,有(you)11屬(shu)(shu)13種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占該(gai)地爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)總種(zhong)數(shu)的54.2%;石龍子科(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)3種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占12.5%;眼(yan)鏡蛇(she)(she)(she)科(ke)和蝰(kui)科(ke)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占8.3%;壁虎科(ke)、蜥蜴科(ke)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),約(yue)(yue)占4.2%。所(suo)有(you)24種(zhong)爬行動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)均已列入國家(jia)保護(hu)的有(you)益的或者有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)經濟、科(ke)學研究價值的陸生野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)名(ming)錄。此外,中(zhong)華(hua)鱉(bie)、王錦(jin)蛇(she)(she)(she)、黑眉錦(jin)蛇(she)(she)(she)、灰鼠蛇(she)(she)(she)、烏梢(shao)蛇(she)(she)(she)、銀環蛇(she)(she)(she)、舟山(shan)眼(yan)鏡蛇(she)(she)(she)還被列為(wei)(wei)(wei)江西省重(zhong)點保護(hu)野(ye)生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)。
哺乳動物:
哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)有6目(mu)7科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)13種(zhong),其(qi)種(zhong)數為江西(xi)已知哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)的12.4%。其(qi)中食蟲目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(猬科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)當地哺乳(ru)動(dong)物(wu)總數的7.7%;兔形目(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(兔科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke))1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)7.7%;翼手目(mu)(蝙蝠科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)15.4%;嚙(nie)齒目(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)6種(zhong),包(bao)括松鼠(shu)(shu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)7.7%,鼠(shu)(shu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)5種(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)38.5%;食肉(rou)目(mu)(鼬(you)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)2種(zhong),約(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)15.4%;偶蹄目(mu)(豬科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke))1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)1種(zhong),占(zhan)(zhan)7.7%。其(qi)中黃鼬(you)、被(bei)(bei)列(lie)為瀕危野生(sheng)動(dong)植物(wu)國際貿易公(gong)約(yue)附錄(lu)三保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)種(zhong)。國家(jia)保(bao)(bao)護的有益的或者有重要經(jing)濟、科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)學研(yan)究價值的陸(lu)生(sheng)野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)5種(zhong),即華南兔、隱紋花松鼠(shu)(shu)、黃鼬(you)、鼬(you)獾、野豬;其(qi)中黃鼬(you)、鼬(you)獾還被(bei)(bei)列(lie)為江西(xi)省(sheng)重點保(bao)(bao)護野生(sheng)動(dong)物(wu)。
公園有鳥類17目41科86屬132種,其種數為江西已知鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)的30.6%。其中鸊(pi)鷉目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該地(di)鳥(niao)(niao)類(lei)總種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的1.5%;鵜形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;鸛形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8.3%;雁形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)5屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)13.6%;隼形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)4.5%;雞形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;鶴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)3科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)8屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)8.3%;鴴形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)4科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)7屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)10.6%;鷗形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)2.3%;鴿(ge)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.5%;鵑(juan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.0%;鸮(xiao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)3屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.0%;夜鷹(ying)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;雨燕(yan)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)1屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)0.76%;佛法僧(seng)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)2科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)4屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)3.0%;鴷形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)1科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)2屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)1.5%;雀形(xing)(xing)(xing)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)17科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)35屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)48種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),約(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)36.4%。
國(guo)(guo)家一(yi)級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類4種(zhong)、國(guo)(guo)家二級保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類16種(zhong)、國(guo)(guo)家“三有”保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類83種(zhong);省級重(zhong)點保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類63種(zhong);國(guo)(guo)際(ji)貿易公約保(bao)護(hu)(hu)鳥類17種(zhong)。鄱陽湖國(guo)(guo)家濕地公園有不少中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)日本、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與(yu)澳大利亞共(gong)同保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的候(hou)鳥,列入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)日保(bao)護(hu)(hu)協定的有55種(zhong),列入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)澳保(bao)護(hu)(hu)協定的有14種(zhong)。這里聚集了世界上(shang)98%的濕地候(hou)鳥種(zhong)群,一(yi)到冬天98%的白鶴與(yu)數十萬的天鵝會選(xuan)擇到鄱陽湖越(yue)冬
白糖糕:一圈(quan)(quan)圈(quan)(quan)的糕顏(yan)色(se)呈半透明晶瑩的白(bai)、口(kou)感酥松而(er)且(qie)軟糯(nuo),上面放的卻不是白(bai)糖,白(bai)糖是和在粉(fen)里面的。
螺螄:任何大排檔必備。
煎餅:煎餅的味道有(you)點(dian)像(xiang)油條,有(you)韭(jiu)菜豆干餡(xian)和蘿卜絲(si)餡(xian)。
米餃子:餃子的特點是皮薄餡嫩(nen),味道鮮美,形(xing)狀獨(du)特。
米粉:有煮粉、炒粉、拌粉等,各有各的(de)特色及風(feng)味。
油炸粑:一個(ge)面(mian)盆,面(mian)盆里是米粉糊。往(wang)往(wang)還會配(pei)上韭菜餡(xian)的(de)餃子一起賣。
春鲇:鲇魚(yu)因有涎遍布全身,腥滑(hua)粘膩而得名(ming)。做(zuo)為底(di)層魚(yu)類,喜性葷食(shi),常棲(qi)深水(shui)污泥之中。
夏鯉:鯉(li)為(wei)廣(guang)食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)類。鯉(li)為(wei)吉祥(xiang)的(de)象征,“鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)跳龍門”,使鯉(li)在(zai)人(ren)們眼(yan)中有著升騰的(de)隱喻,年節婚(hun)慶(qing),紅白喜(xi)事,都(dou)喜(xi)歡以鯉(li)魚(yu)(yu)入席。
秋鱖:在一些(xie)地區,因為唐(tang)人張志和"桃花(hua)流水鱖魚(yu)肥"的詩而(er)有(you)了歧誤,認(ren)為鱖魚(yu)是春時的寵食。而(er)積累(lei)幾千年(nian)食魚(yu)歷(li)史的鄱(po)陽人,根據魚(yu)的生長習性斷言(yan),此魚(yu)秋天(tian)吃食是最(zui)佳季節。
冬鳊:鳊魚的正名叫魴,肉嫩味美(mei),有調胃氣,利五臟,去胃風、消谷的功效,有益于人體在冬(dong)天的養護。
銀魚:古稱膾殘魚,又名白小。鄱陽銀魚肉質細嫩,味道鮮美。而(er)“繡花針”肥度不夠,干癟味(wei)淡;“面條”肉老筋硬,入口(kou)不適。銀魚是(shi)極富(fu)鈣質的魚類(lei),營(ying)養(yang)學家將它列為長壽食(shi)品。
鰻鱺:又(you)稱白(bai)鱔,簡稱鰻,洄游性(xing)魚(yu)類。此魚(yu)在秋(qiu)季游入(ru)深海產卵,幼魚(yu)變態后,進入(ru)淡水生長(chang)。形狀如(ru)蛇,肉鬣(lie)連尾,無鱗有舌,大者長(chang)數尺。肉嫩如(ru)豆腐(fu),味美似(si)河豚,為葷食屬性(xing)魚(yu)類。
鱭:俗名鳳尾、刨花魚,是(shi)名貴的經濟魚類,食用歷(li)史悠久。
線路一:烏金(jin)汊游客服務(wu)中心——龜腦(nao)山——瓢里山——龍吼(hou)山——鶴園(yuan)——鄱陽湖(hu)(hu)濕地科學館(guan)——水生植物園(yuan)——天鵝之家——觀湖(hu)(hu)長廊——落雁臺——麋鹿(lu)苑——二號(hao)天橋——返程碼頭(內湖(hu)(hu)游覽線路(lu))
線路二:烏(wu)金汊(cha)游客服務中心(xin)——龜(gui)腦山(shan)——瓢里山(shan)——龍(long)吼山(shan)——鶴園——鄱陽湖濕地(di)科學館——水生(sheng)植物(wu)園——天鵝之家——觀湖長廊——落(luo)雁臺——麋鹿苑——二號天橋——乘車至(zhi)店(dian)前(qian)渡(du)口——大草(cao)原景區——香(xiang)油州(內外湖游覽線路)
線路三:白沙(sha)洲濕地(di)科學(xue)園(yuan)(yuan)檢票(piao)口——鶴園(yuan)(yuan)——鄱(po)陽湖濕地(di)科學(xue)館(guan)——水(shui)生(sheng)植物園(yuan)(yuan)——天(tian)鵝之家——觀湖長廊——落雁臺——麋鹿苑——二號(hao)天(tian)橋——乘(cheng)車至店前渡口——大草(cao)原景區——香(xiang)油州(外湖游覽線路)