芒果视频下载

簡介

白山水庫位(wei)于吉林省中(zhong)部、第二松花江上。匯水面積1.9萬平方(fang)公里，年(nian)徑流量75.3億立方(fang)米(mi)。庫容65.1億立方(fang)米(mi)，主要用于發電。

第二松花江流(liu)域屬大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)。白(bai)山水(shui)庫地(di)區(qu)冬季(ji)漫長(chang)寒冷，夏季(ji)濕(shi)潤多(duo)雨，四季(ji)分(fen)明。多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫4.3攝氏度，一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)11月(yue)上旬江面開始流(liu)冰。中(zhong)下旬封江，直(zhi)到次年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)上中(zhong)旬開江，年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均封凍期(qi)長(chang)達135天(tian)(tian)，1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)實測(ce)最(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫曾達-44.5攝氏度。流(liu)域多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)800毫米左右，水(shui)庫壩(ba)址處多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均流(liu)量(liang)239立(li)(li)(li)方米每秒(miao)，多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)平均年(nian)(nian)(nian)徑流(liu)量(liang)7 5.3億立(li)(li)(li)方米0 7-8月(yue)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)占全年(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)的(de)47.1%。大(da)洪水(shui)多(duo)發(fa)生在(zai)8月(yue)，洪峰過程具有峰高量(liang)大(da)、歷時短的(de)特(te)點。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)實測(ce)最(zui)(zui)大(da)洪峰流(liu)量(liang)11800立(li)(li)(li)方米每秒(miao)，相應7天(tian)(tian)洪量(liang)19.4億立(li)(li)(li)方米，實測(ce)最(zui)(zui)小流(liu)量(liang)9.25立(li)(li)(li)方米每秒(miao)。庫區(qu)植(zhi)被良好，江水(shui)含沙量(liang)較小，年(nian)(nian)(nian)輸沙量(liang)僅105萬(wan)噸。

作用

白(bai)山水庫是以發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為主，兼顧防洪等綜合利用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)水利工程，建(jian)成后在各方(fang)面均(jun)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)了(le)很好的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。首先，水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)充(chong)分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)了(le)調峰、調頻與事(shi)故(gu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，為東北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)科(ke)學調度與安全(quan)運行期(qi)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)(hui)了(le)積極的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。1984-1992年，白(bai)山水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)累計發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量為137億(yi)千瓦時(shi)，占東北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)22.58%，占全(quan)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)2.51%；白(bai)山水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出(chu)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)92.6%都用(yong)(yong)在調峰上；承擔(dan)全(quan)網(wang)調峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)18.5%，起到(dao)了(le)主導調峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。其次，白(bai)山水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是東北電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)事(shi)故(gu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)想(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，在用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰期(qi)，白(bai)山電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)約要擔(dan)負全(quan)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/2的(de)(de)(de)(de)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)容量，非高(gao) 峰時(shi)也要有條件承擔(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)一(yi)臺30兆瓦機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)故(gu)備(bei)用(yong)(yong)，年均(jun) 負載備(bei)用(yong)(yong)約150兆瓦。

為進一步發揮白山(shan)、紅(hong)石與(yu)豐滿等三座大型水(shui)電(dian)站的(de)聯合調度，特(te)別(bie)是調峰(feng)作用，在(zai)白山(shan)電(dian)站現(xian)有工程(cheng)的(de)基礎上建設了(le)以紅(hong)石水(shui)庫(ku)為下庫(ku)的(de)抽水(shui)蓄能電(dian)站，裝機(ji)2臺共300兆瓦，現(xian)已投入(ru)運行。

另外在(zai)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)．為提高與豐(feng)(feng)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)聯合調度(du)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)作(zuo)用，白山水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)還預(yu)留了(le)(le)4.5億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)錯峰(feng)(feng)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)容，小于100年一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)時(shi)，可使豐(feng)(feng)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)下泄流量減少500～1000立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)每秒，提高了(le)(le)流域的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)抗(kang)災效用。1986年汛期大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，白山水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)削減率達78.4%，整個洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)期白山攔蓄(xu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)20.2億立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)，極大(da)(da)(da)地(di)減輕了(le)(le)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)對(dui)下游特別是對(dui)哈(ha)爾濱(bin)市的(de)(de)(de)威脅。1991年松花江(jiang)大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，8月上旬松花江(jiang)出現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)緊張的(de)(de)(de)汛情，8月中旬哈(ha)爾濱(bin)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)流量達10800立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)每秒，最(zui)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)位高達120.09米(mi)(mi)，距堤頂只差20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)，豐(feng)(feng)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)直保持(chi)出庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)流量不超過3000立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)每秒。為此白山水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)進(jin)行了(le)(le)控(kong)泄，減少豐(feng)(feng)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)壓(ya)力，實現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)與豐(feng)(feng)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學聯調，在(zai)確保白、豐(feng)(feng)兩庫(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)調度(du)安全的(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下，大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)緩(huan)解了(le)(le)下游兩岸與哈(ha)爾濱(bin)市的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)壓(ya)力。

紀實

1958年(nian)3月(yue)(yue)白山水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站被列入(ru)第(di)二個五(wu)年(nian)計(ji)劃，1958年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)建設。1962年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)，白山水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站緩建。至此，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)已經完成左岸(an)導流洞的(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)導洞，右岸(an)修(xiu)建了(le)木籠圍堰及(ji)臨 時建筑。1975年(nian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，同年(nian)5月(yue)(yue)1日，白山水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)始(shi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，至1982年(nian)11月(yue)(yue)1 6日，導流底孔9米×21米閘門下閘，水(shui)(shui)庫開(kai)始(shi)蓄水(shui)(shui)，1983年(nian)12月(yue)(yue)30日，第(di)一(yi)臺(tai)300 兆(zhao)瓦水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機組正(zheng)式并網發(fa)電(dian)，第(di)二臺(tai)和第(di)三臺(tai)各(ge)300兆(zhao)水(shui)(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機組于1984年(nian)7月(yue)(yue)和12月(yue)(yue)正(zheng)式并網發(fa)電(dian)。1986年(nian)年(nian)底1982電(dian)站第(di)一(yi)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)完成。

白山水庫工(gong)程在(zai)設計和施工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選用的(de)單曲(qu)三心圓混(hun)凝土重力拱壩，高、深孔相間布(bu)置(zhi)，挑流水舌互相穿射(she)、橫向(xiang)擴 散、縱(zong)向(xiang)分層的(de)三維綜合(he)消(xiao)能的(de)泄洪(hong)設施、在(zai)300兆(zhao)瓦水輪發(fa) 電機(ji)組上采用靜止式可(ke)控硅自并激勵磁(ci)系統、220千伏高壓設備(bei)采用六(liu)氟(fu)化硫全封(feng)閉(bi)組合(he)電器等(deng)技(ji)術，在(zai)當時的(de)水電建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是非常先進(jin)的(de)，為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國水電建(jian)設史寫下了光輝的(de)一筆。