歷史地位
大伙房是中國第一個五年計劃中的第一個大型水庫,是當時全國第二大水庫,現已成為沈陽、撫順兩大城市居民飲用水的重要水源地。大伙房水庫歷史悠久,早在春秋戰國時期就有人在這里生息,至今仍留有大量(liang)歷史(shi)遺跡。
根據2002年6月(yue)(yue)和9月(yue)(yue)的調查,大伙房水庫浮(fu)(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)共35屬61種,其中(zhong)原生(sheng)動物(wu)(wu)10屬18種、輪蟲(chong)9科13屬24種、枝角類(lei)5科8屬13種、橈足類(lei)2科5屬6種,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)17 677個/L和2.0647 mg/L,數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)以急游蟲(chong)、俠盜蟲(chong)、長肢(zhi)多(duo)肢(zhi)輪蟲(chong)、螺(luo)形龜甲輪蟲(chong)、透(tou)明溞和近鄰(lin)劍水蚤(zao)最多(duo).浮(fu)(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)的數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)空分布(bu)較明顯,時(shi)間上6月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)高峰(feng),而生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)9月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)高峰(feng);水平(ping)分布(bu)中(zhong)游數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)(jun)最低,下游數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)和生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)(jun)最高.水庫浮(fu)(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)每年可為(wei)(wei)浮(fu)(fu)游動物(wu)(wu)食性(xing)魚(yu)(yu)類(lei)提供793 t魚(yu)(yu)產力(li).
位于(yu)遼(liao)(liao)河支(zhi)流渾河中(zhong)上(shang)游,遼(liao)(liao)寧省撫順市境內,距撫順市18km,距沈陽市68km,是(shi)一(yi)座防洪、供水(shui)、灌溉、發電(dian)、養魚等綜(zong)合利用的大型(xing)水(shui)利工程。
工程概況
大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)碾壓式(shi)黏土心墻(qiang)復式(shi)斷面土壩(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)高(gao)程139.2m,最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)49.2m,壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)1366.7m。二(er)壩(ba)(ba)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)31.4m,壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)327.9m。兩壩(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)皆設(she)有(you)(you)1m高(gao)的(de)防浪墻(qiang)。三(san)壩(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)均質土壩(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)高(gao)程140.7m,最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)高(gao)10m,壩(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)85m。主溢洪道(dao)為(wei)(wei)直(zhi)泄(xie)(xie)陡槽式(shi),底(di)(di)坎高(gao)程為(wei)(wei)125m,裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)5扇(shan)10.4m×7m的(de)弧形閘(zha)門(men)。第(di)一非常溢洪道(dao)為(wei)(wei)真空堰(yan),堰(yan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)高(gao)程134m,前(qian)(qian)緣長(chang)(chang)180m。第(di)二(er)非常溢洪道(dao)為(wei)(wei)寬頂(ding)(ding)(ding)堰(yan),堰(yan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)高(gao)程130m,前(qian)(qian)緣長(chang)(chang)150m,堰(yan)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)設(she)有(you)(you)自潰式(shi)土堤(di),堤(di)頂(ding)(ding)(ding)高(gao)程139m。輸(shu)水洞(dong)(dong)(dong)進口(kou)底(di)(di)板高(gao)程94m,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)徑6.5m,主洞(dong)(dong)(dong)長(chang)(chang)251m,進口(kou)設(she)有(you)(you)兩扇(shan)高(gao)壓檢修門(men),主洞(dong)(dong)(dong)末(mo)端有(you)(you)一支(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)和二(er)支(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)。一支(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)末(mo)端設(she)有(you)(you)水力發電站,裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量3.2萬kW;二(er)支(zhi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)為(wei)(wei)泄(xie)(xie)洪洞(dong)(dong)(dong),出口(kou)裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)2扇(shan)平板閘(zha)門(men)。樞(shu)紐工程累計土方(fang)874.2萬立方(fang)米(mi),石方(fang)224.5萬立方(fang)米(mi),混凝土12萬立方(fang)米(mi),鋼(gang)材(cai)2781t,水泥(ni)19249t,木材(cai)8萬立方(fang)米(mi)。工程于(yu)1954年(nian)4月開工,1958年(nian)9月竣工并投入使(shi)用。
改革開放以來,大伙(huo)房水庫(ku)以建設(she)和諧水庫(ku)為(wei)(wei)目(mu)標,以先進性教育為(wei)(wei)契機,把精神(shen)文明(ming)建設(she)貫(guan)穿(chuan)于生產經營的(de)(de)(de)各個環節(jie),收到了(le)(le)內增凝聚力(li)、外增吸引力(li)、提高(gao)向心(xin)力(li)、發(fa)展生產力(li)的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好效(xiao)果,三個文明(ming)建設(she)又有新的(de)(de)(de)突破,為(wei)(wei)遼寧經濟的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展和老工(gong)業基地的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)興作(zuo)出了(le)(le)巨大貢獻。
近10年,水庫的(de)水質(zhi)基本(ben)上維持(chi)在(zai)國家二類水的(de)標準上。
為從(cong)根本上(shang)解決水(shui)(shui)資(zi)(zi)源短缺問(wen)題,國家2001年(nian)批復(fu)了(le)大(da)伙房水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),2005年(nian)批復(fu)了(le)二(er)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。大(da)伙房水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)調水(shui)(shui)量18億立方米,總投(tou)資(zi)(zi)103億元,將解決遼寧中部(bu)撫(fu)順、沈陽(yang)、遼陽(yang)、鞍(an)山(shan)、營口、盤錦6城市工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業及居(ju)民生活(huo)用水(shui)(shui)。大(da)連市預將從(cong)鞍(an)山(shan)取(qu)水(shui)(shui)口取(qu)用來(lai)自撫(fu)順大(da)伙房水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)水(shui)(shui),預計2007年(nian)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。二(er)期(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是目前國內管(guan)道輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)距離最(zui)(zui)長(chang)、輸(shu)水(shui)(shui)量最(zui)(zui)大(da)、供水(shui)(shui)方式(shi)最(zui)(zui)復(fu)雜的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),設計總工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)42個(ge)月,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)算投(tou)資(zi)(zi)49.06億元。
遼寧大伙房水(shui)庫輸(shu)水(shui)隧(sui)洞(dong)工(gong)(gong)程 直徑(jing)8m,連(lian)續全長85.3km,是(shi)世界上最(zui)長的連(lian)續隧(sui)洞(dong)。2003年(nian)(nian)開工(gong)(gong)建設,本工(gong)(gong)程具有隧(sui)洞(dong)長度(du)長、斷(duan)(duan)面大、單機(ji)掘進距離長、支(zhi)洞(dong)坡度(du)大、存在(zai)不(bu)良(liang)地(di)質(zhi)(斷(duan)(duan)層(ceng)、溶洞(dong)、涌(yong)水(shui)等(deng)),本工(gong)(gong)程使(shi)用隧(sui)道掘進機(ji)施工(gong)(gong),連(lian)續皮帶(dai)機(ji)出渣(zha),2008年(nian)(nian)貫通(tong),2009年(nian)(nian)9月正式竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)通(tong)水(shui)。