概況
納(na)子(zi)(zi)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)程(cheng),位于門(men)源(yuan)回族(zu)自治(zhi)縣(xian)蘇吉灘鄉與祁連(lian)縣(xian)默勒鎮的(de)(de)交界處(chu)。2009年9月15日,青(qing)(qing)海(hai)黃(huang)河中(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)電(dian)開(kai)發(fa)公司在(zai)(zai)納(na)子(zi)(zi)峽水(shui)(shui)電(dian)站工(gong)(gong)地現場舉(ju)行隆重(zhong)的(de)(de)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)儀(yi)式。參加開(kai)工(gong)(gong)儀(yi)式的(de)(de)有青(qing)(qing)海(hai)省(sheng)(sheng)政(zheng)府(fu)、省(sheng)(sheng)發(fa)改委(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利(li)廳、海(hai)北州(zhou)政(zheng)府(fu)、祁連(lian)縣(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)、門(men)源(yuan)縣(xian)政(zheng)府(fu)等有關部門(men)和(he)黃(huang)河上游水(shui)(shui)電(dian)公司的(de)(de)領導和(he)專家。應(ying)業(ye)主邀(yao)請,該(gai)院副(fu)院長馬明(ming)、副(fu)總(zong)工(gong)(gong)師梁(liang)宗仁出席(xi)了開(kai)工(gong)(gong)儀(yi)式。該(gai)項目的(de)(de)開(kai)工(gong)(gong)建設,標志者該(gai)院在(zai)(zai)大通(tong)河流域設計的(de)(de)最高(gao)的(de)(de)面(mian)板(ban)堆(dui)石壩工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)正式實(shi)施(shi),體現了該(gai)院在(zai)(zai)面(mian)板(ban)堆(dui)石壩領域的(de)(de)設計實(shi)力。
2011年(nian)9月6日,隨(sui)著納(na)(na)子峽水(shui)電(dian)站基坑基礎面(mian)的(de)清理(li)完畢,中(zhong)國水(shui)電(dian)四局第一分局納(na)(na)子峽項目部(bu)開始對主(zhu)壩(ba)進行(xing)填(tian)筑實驗。
工程
工程主要建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)由(you)混凝土面板堆(dui)石(shi)壩(ba)、右(you)岸溢洪(hong)道、左(zuo)岸放空泄洪(hong)洞(dong)、左(zuo)岸引水發(fa)電(dian)洞(dong)、發(fa)電(dian)廠房、升(sheng)壓站組成。工程規模(mo)為(wei)(wei)二等大(2)型,大壩(ba)為(wei)(wei)1級建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu),泄水建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)、引水發(fa)電(dian)洞(dong)及(ji)廠房均為(wei)(wei)2級筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)。大壩(ba)、泄水、發(fa)電(dian)引水建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)按500年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水設計(ji),5000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水校核(he),洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)1810立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)和2340立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao);廠房按100年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水設計(ji),500年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水校核(he),洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)分別(bie)(bie)為(wei)(wei)1440立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)和1810立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao);泄水建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物(wu)(wu)消(xiao)能防沖按50年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)設計(ji),洪(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1270立(li)(li)(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。
納子峽(xia)水(shui)電站施工采用圍堰一次斷(duan)流(liu),導(dao)流(liu)洞(dong)過水(shui)的導(dao)流(liu)方式(shi);汛期由壩體(ti)壩體(ti)擋水(shui)、左岸導(dao)流(liu)洞(dong)過水(shui);水(shui)庫初期蓄(xu)水(shui)后(hou)至工程竣工前,選(xuan)用壩體(ti)擋水(shui)、永久泄(xie)水(shui)建筑物過水(shui)的導(dao)流(liu)方式(shi)。
根據規(gui)范確定(ding)導(dao)流(liu)(liu)設(she)計(ji)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為10年一遇,相應洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量為877立(li)(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao)。施工期(qi)壩體(ti)攔洪(hong)(hong)(hong)渡汛標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為50年一遇設(she)計(ji),相應最大洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量1300立(li)(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao)。導(dao)流(liu)(liu)泄水(shui)建筑物封堵期(qi)間及竣工前,永久泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)建筑物尚未(wei)具備設(she)計(ji)泄洪(hong)(hong)(hong)能(neng)力,壩體(ti)攔洪(hong)(hong)(hong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)為200年一遇洪(hong)(hong)(hong)水(shui)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun),最大洪(hong)(hong)(hong)峰(feng)(feng)流(liu)(liu)量1650立(li)(li)方米(mi)/秒(miao)。
混凝土面(mian)(mian)板(ban)堆石(shi)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線方位為(wei)(wei)SE145°,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)度(du)為(wei)(wei)408.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)(kuan)度(du)為(wei)(wei)10.0米(mi)(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高121.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),上游(you)坡1:1.55,下游(you)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)坡1:1.5,設(she)置三層寬(kuan)(kuan)3米(mi)(mi)(mi)的馬道,綜合坡比為(wei)(wei)1:1.58。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂設(she)有(you)高度(du)為(wei)(wei)3.3米(mi)(mi)(mi)的放浪墻與(yu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)相接,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程3204.6米(mi)(mi)(mi),防浪墻頂高程3205.8米(mi)(mi)(mi)。面(mian)(mian)板(ban)頂端厚度(du)0.3米(mi)(mi)(mi),底部最大厚度(du)0.65米(mi)(mi)(mi),為(wei)(wei)不等厚面(mian)(mian)板(ban),面(mian)(mian)板(ban)間設(she)垂(chui)直(zhi)縫(feng);面(mian)(mian)板(ban)與(yu)趾板(ban)間設(she)周邊(bian)縫(feng);壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂防浪墻與(yu)面(mian)(mian)板(ban)間設(she)伸縮(suo)縫(feng)。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)從上游(you)到下游(you)依次分區為(wei)(wei)蓋重區、混凝土面(mian)(mian)板(ban)、墊層區、砂礫料3B1區、保護料區、排水(shui)區、砂礫料3B2區及下游(you)堆石(shi)區、護坡。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)填筑總量532.7957萬立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
泄洪洞(導流洞)布置于(yu)左(zuo)(zuo)岸,軸線角(jiao)度為SW249°,與(yu)壩軸線的夾角(jiao)為76°;左(zuo)(zuo)岸上游設電(dian)站(zhan)直(zhi)立式岸塔進水口(kou)(kou),進水口(kou)(kou)右(you)端與(yu)泄洪洞進口(kou)(kou)相鄰(lin)布置;溢洪道布置于(yu)右(you)岸,軸線為SW205°。
溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道布(bu)置于右岸,進口(kou)(kou)堰(yan)頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)3194.6米(mi)(mi),閘(zha)室(shi)(shi)設計3孔(kong)(kong)弧(hu)形閘(zha)門,孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)(kou)尺寸為8×10米(mi)(mi),泄槽(cao)寬度12.0米(mi)(mi)。出口(kou)(kou)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)3119.09米(mi)(mi),挑流鼻坎(kan)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)3118.80米(mi)(mi),落差72.51米(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)平軸線(xian)全(quan)長450.52米(mi)(mi)。溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道控制閘(zha)室(shi)(shi)位于壩軸線(xian)處(chu),上(shang)游(you)設置了(le)166.3米(mi)(mi)長的引水(shui)(shui)渠(qu),渠(qu)底(di)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)為3191.6米(mi)(mi),閘(zha)頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)3204.6米(mi)(mi),溢(yi)流堰(yan)頂(ding)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)為3194.1米(mi)(mi),泄槽(cao)段水(shui)(shui)平長215.9米(mi)(mi),縱坡分段分別(bie)為1/20和1/2,出口(kou)(kou)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)3119.09米(mi)(mi),挑流鼻坎(kan)高(gao)(gao)程(cheng)3118.80米(mi)(mi),落差72.51米(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)平軸線(xian)全(quan)長450.52米(mi)(mi)。溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道最(zui)大泄量1066立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/秒,最(zui)大流速(su)為35.73米(mi)(mi)/秒。3孔(kong)(kong)溢(yi)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)道各設1扇表(biao)孔(kong)(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)閘(zha)門,采用3臺后拉式液壓啟閉機控制3孔(kong)(kong)閘(zha)門。
引水(shui)(shui)(shui)發(fa)電(dian)洞進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)布置(zhi)在左(zuo)壩肩(jian)上(shang)游,座落在弱風化巖體上(shang),為(wei)(wei)岸塔式(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)。進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)底(di)(di)板(ban)高(gao)(gao)程3176.0米(mi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)順水(shui)(shui)(shui)流方向總長21米(mi),閘(zha)室(shi)頂部高(gao)(gao)程3204.6米(mi),布置(zhi)與大(da)開挖(wa)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)深槽中(zhong)(zhong)。進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)分為(wei)(wei)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)段和閘(zha)門(men)段,閘(zha)室(shi)兩側及后(hou)(hou)測與巖石(shi)開挖(wa)坡面之間(jian)填筑混凝土,使閘(zha)室(shi)大(da)部分鑲(xiang)嵌在巖石(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)。引水(shui)(shui)(shui)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)建筑物后(hou)(hou)接壓力隧洞,出口(kou)(kou)(kou)與水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)組相(xiang)接。進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)設1扇事(shi)故(gu)(gu)檢修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men),在事(shi)故(gu)(gu)檢修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)前設一孔(kong)2道主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)攔(lan)截河水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物,防止污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物進(jin)(jin)(jin)入(ru)發(fa)電(dian)洞損(sun)壞水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)機(ji),確保電(dian)站正常發(fa)電(dian)。主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)上(shang)的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)物采(cai)用人(ren)工(gong)清污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)。主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)、事(shi)故(gu)(gu)檢修(xiu)門(men)底(di)(di)板(ban)高(gao)(gao)程均為(wei)(wei)3176.00米(mi),墩頂高(gao)(gao)程均為(wei)(wei)3204.60米(mi)。事(shi)故(gu)(gu)檢修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)為(wei)(wei)平板(ban)滑動鋼閘(zha)門(men),孔(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)尺寸(寬×高(gao)(gao)) 6 米(mi)×6 米(mi),事(shi)故(gu)(gu)檢修(xiu)閘(zha)門(men)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)選用1臺1250KN -30m固定卷(juan)揚(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)操作(zuo)。進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)設二(er)道二(er)孔(kong)主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha),攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)均為(wei)(wei)潛(qian)孔(kong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)滑動支承攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha),主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)孔(kong)口(kou)(kou)(kou)尺寸均為(wei)(wei)(寬×高(gao)(gao))8 米(mi)×14 米(mi) ,主(zhu)、副(fu)(fu)攔(lan)污(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)柵(zha)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)均設在進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)口(kou)(kou)(kou)高(gao)(gao)程為(wei)(wei)3224.60米(mi)的(de)(de)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)平臺上(shang),主(zhu)柵(zha)選用2×800KN--30m固定卷(juan)揚(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji),副(fu)(fu)柵(zha)選用2×630KN--30m固定卷(juan)揚(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji),啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)房頂部設2臺50KN的(de)(de)電(dian)動葫蘆以供啟(qi)(qi)閉(bi)(bi)(bi)機(ji)檢修(xiu)時使用。
引水發電隧洞首端為(wei)12.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)長(chang)的(de)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),由(you)(you)6.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×6.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)矩形漸(jian)變(bian)為(wei)直徑(jing)(jing)6.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)圓形,隧洞軸線方向(xiang)為(wei)NE54°,樁號0+021.00~0+257.57段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)上平段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)高(gao)程以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)由(you)(you)3176.00米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至3166.54米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),上平段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)長(chang)度(du)為(wei)236.57米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。上平段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后由(you)(you)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎半徑(jing)(jing)R=18.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎角θ=87.71°的(de)上彎段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入豎井(jing)(jing)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),豎井(jing)(jing)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)總高(gao)度(du)38.77米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。豎井(jing)(jing)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)后緊接(jie)著進入轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎半徑(jing)(jing)R=18.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)彎角θ=87.71°的(de)下(xia)彎段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),最后為(wei)下(xia)平段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。下(xia)平段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)樁號0+292.13~0+442.15,底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)高(gao)程以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)由(you)(you)3091.79米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至3088.79米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),下(xia)平段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)長(chang)度(du)為(wei)150.02米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。0+442.15~0+454.15段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)長(chang)度(du)12米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)漸(jian)變(bian)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)高(gao)程以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)由(you)(you)3088.79米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至3188.31米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),其后為(wei)142.64米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)壓力(li)鋼(gang)管(guan)埋管(guan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),樁號0+454.15~0+596.79,底(di)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)高(gao)程以(yi)(yi)i=4%坡降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)由(you)(you)3188.31米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至3082.60米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。0+596.79~0+621.79段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)長(chang)度(du)25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)明管(guan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan),0+621.79~0+670.04段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)為(wei)長(chang)度(du)48.25米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)叉管(guan)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。
引水(shui)發電洞圍巖分(fen)類及建筑物特性見表1.1.2-4。
電站
電(dian)站廠房(fang)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)壩址下(xia)游約400米(mi)(mi)(mi)處左岸,廠房(fang)座落在(zai)(zai)巖石(shi)基礎上(shang),尾(wei)(wei)水渠座落在(zai)(zai)河灘砂卵礫石(shi)層上(shang)。安裝間緊(jin)鄰(lin)主(zhu)廠房(fang)機(ji)(ji)組段(duan)左側(ce)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi),主(zhu)廠房(fang)上(shang)游側(ce)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)副廠房(fang),副廠房(fang)上(shang)游側(ce)布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)戶(hu)外式升壓站。主(zhu)廠房(fang)總(zong)長37.75米(mi)(mi)(mi),安裝間總(zong)長16.0米(mi)(mi)(mi)。廠房(fang)順(shun)水流向寬(kuan)(kuan)度19.0米(mi)(mi)(mi),總(zong)高33.9米(mi)(mi)(mi)。副廠房(fang)總(zong)長為53.8米(mi)(mi)(mi), 寬(kuan)(kuan)度為12.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),分(fen)為兩層,地(di)面以(yi)上(shang)及(ji)以(yi)下(xia)各(ge)一層。尾(wei)(wei)水平臺與(yu)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)層同(tong)高程,寬(kuan)(kuan)度5.7米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)要布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)有(you)尾(wei)(wei)水門啟閉設備。安裝間布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)主(zhu)廠房(fang)左側(ce),與(yu)進(jin)場公路(lu)相接。主(zhu)廠房(fang)內布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)有(you)3臺單機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量為29兆瓦(wa)的水輪發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組,總(zong)裝機(ji)(ji)容(rong)(rong)量為87兆瓦(wa)。布(bu)(bu)(bu)置(zhi)有(you)1臺125/32t -16.0m橋機(ji)(ji)。
引水發(fa)電工(gong)程由中國水電十五局承(cheng)建。