建庫宗旨
白盆珠(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫經(jing)(jing)國(guo)家計委、國(guo)家建(jian)委及廣(guang)東省計委、建(jian)委、水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)電力廳批準(zhun)而興建(jian),其功能(neng)主(zhu)要是以防洪、灌(guan)溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),兼發電和(he)(he)改善西枝江航運。總受益(yi)面(mian)積32萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)(其中(zhong):中(zhong)游(you)10萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu),下(xia)游(you)22萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu)),對下(xia)游(you)兩市(shi)一(yi)(yi)縣一(yi)(yi)區(惠州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)、惠陽市(shi)、惠東縣、惠城區),惠州(zhou)(zhou)機場、京九鐵路和(he)(he)廣(guang)汕公路起到(dao)防護作(zuo)用(yong);保證(zheng)灌(guan)溉(gai)農田 17.5萬畝(mu)(mu)(mu);發電裝機12000KW×2臺,年發電量(liang)8600萬千瓦(wa)時;調(diao)節下(xia)游(you)航深,枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期從0.4米提高至0.8米;枯水(shui)(shui)(shui)期調(diao)節下(xia)游(you)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),保障工農業生(sheng)產和(he)(he)居(ju)民生(sheng)活用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。隨著(zhu)惠州(zhou)(zhou)社會經(jing)(jing)濟的(de)發展,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源日益(yi)緊張,為(wei)(wei)了進一(yi)(yi)步發揮(hui)白盆珠(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)調(diao)蓄作(zuo)用(yong)。2004年3月,惠州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)人民政府下(xia)發了《關于調(diao)整(zheng)白盆珠(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫功能(neng)的(de)通(tong)知》(惠府函[2004]2號)。“決定將(jiang)白盆珠(zhu)(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的(de)功能(neng)由防洪、灌(guan)溉(gai)、發電、調(diao)節供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)整(zheng)為(wei)(wei)以防洪、供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu),兼顧灌(guan)溉(gai)、發電。”
集雨面積
白盆珠(zhu)水庫(ku)地處西(xi)枝(zhi)江上游,西(xi)枝(zhi)江為(wei)廣東珠(zhu)江水系東江第二支流(liu)(liu)主(zhu)(zhu)流(liu)(liu)全長176公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),從主(zhu)(zhu)壩至惠州(zhou)東、西(xi)江匯合處約100公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)4120平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。白盆珠(zhu)水庫(ku)控制流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積(ji)856平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),其(qi)中水庫(ku)遷賠(pei)線以下(xia)(82米高程)水淹面(mian)積(ji)49.7平方公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li),長約35公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(主(zhu)(zhu)壩至寶口(kou)(kou)),最寬約5公(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)。整個庫(ku)區有(you)石澗、黃瑤、三坑、橫坑、馬山(shan)、寶口(kou)(kou)、高潭(tan)等(deng)近10條(tiao)支流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)入水庫(ku)。
水庫特征
白盆珠水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工程(cheng)按500年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)標準設計,5000年(nian)一(yi)(yi)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)校核,總庫(ku)(ku)容12.2億(yi)立方(fang)米。其中(zhong):死庫(ku)(ku)容1.9億(yi)立方(fang)米,有效(xiao)庫(ku)(ku)容3.85億(yi)立方(fang)米,調洪(hong)(hong)庫(ku)(ku)容6.45億(yi)立方(fang)米。確保20年(nian)一(yi)(yi)遇(yu)(3540m3/s)洪(hong)(hong)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)下游河(he)道(dao)(dao)安全泄洪(hong)(hong),有利于(yu)(yu)沿河(he)澇(lao)區的排水(shui)(shui)。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)白盆珠峽谷處(chu),采(cai)用(yong)混凝土(tu)空心支墩(dun)重(zhong)力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)結(jie)構(gou),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)88.2米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬6.0米,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)66.2米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長240米。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)設有排洪(hong)(hong)堰閘1座(zuo)2孔,每孔凈12米,堰頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)73米,上設9×12米弧型閘門,下游采(cai)用(yong)溢流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)下接(jie)長護坦(tan)梯形差動式(shi)鼻坎挑流(liu)式(shi)消能。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)內(nei)設置(zhi)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)底孔1個,采(cai)用(yong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)內(nei)壓力管接(jie)明渠泄水(shui)(shui)道(dao)(dao)形式(shi)。副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)兩座(zuo)。一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)橫崗萬福庵坳(ao)口(kou)。該壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)在1960年(nian)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)時先是(shi)采(cai)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)填(tian)(tian)土(tu),后(hou)為輾壓填(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的方(fang)法筑(zhu)(zhu)至72米高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)。復(fu)工后(hou),將全壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)加高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)培厚(hou),并(bing)采(cai)用(yong)中(zhong)心砼防滲墻加固處(chu)理。現在的壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)90米,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)40.5米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)寬8米,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長278米。一(yi)(yi)座(zuo)建(jian)于(yu)(yu)條形山(shan)。該壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為均質(zhi)土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),斷面(mian)尺(chi)寸與萬福庵的副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)相同,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)(ding)長度(du)為115米。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)上游建(jian)有碼頭(tou)1座(zuo)。庫(ku)(ku)區內(nei)還有平(ping)西公路改線工程(cheng),改路線長32.88公里。
樞紐工程
樞紐工程有主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后電(dian)站。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)混(hun)凝土空心重力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),位于白(bai)盆珠鎮(zhen)上游1.5公里的白(bai)盆珠峽谷(gu)入口。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程88.2米(mi)(mi),長240米(mi)(mi),最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高66.2米(mi)(mi)。溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)設在(zai)偏(pian)左岸,分為(wei)2孔,每孔凈寬(kuan)12米(mi)(mi),設12×9米(mi)(mi)弧形(xing)閘門2扇(shan),下游陡坡(po)采用梯形(xing)差(cha)動(dong)式(shi)鼻(bi)坎挑(tiao)流消能。
副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為均質土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),位于主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)東(dong)南側約4公里處。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長278米(mi),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程90米(mi),最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高40米(mi)。沿壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線(xian)設混凝(ning)土(tu)防(fang)滲墻,厚0.8米(mi)。另(ling)條形山副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)在土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)右側,與土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)相連接,頂長115米(mi)。
放水(shui)底孔(kong)(kong)設在溢流(liu)壩右(you)側(ce),為壩內(nei)壓力管段(duan)接明槽(cao)泄(xie)水(shui)道型式(shi),孔(kong)(kong)口(kou)尺寸4×4米,采用(yong)明槽(cao)鼻坎挑流(liu)消(xiao)能,設有弧(hu)形(xing)閘門(men)、事故檢修(xiu)平(ping)板(ban)閘門(men)各1扇。
壩(ba)后(hou)(hou)電站(zhan)布置于偏(pian)右岸5#、6#壩(ba)段后(hou)(hou),采用單(dan)元引水地面(mian)式廠(chang)房。引水鋼管直徑3.4米,裝機2臺,共2.4萬千瓦。
工程建設
設計
工程(cheng)自(zi)1957年(nian)開始由廣東(dong)省水(shui)利電力(li)勘測(ce)設計(ji)院(yuan)規劃設計(ji),1959年(nian)10月(yue)提交(jiao)設計(ji)任務書(shu)。1973年(nian)重新編(bian)制初步設計(ji)。1974年(nian)8月(yue)水(shui)電部工作組現場(chang)審查(cha),11月(yue)批復(fu),1977年(nian)工程(cheng)復(fu)建(jian)。1979年(nian),副壩填筑到72米高程(cheng),因質量差,全(quan)面停工復(fu)查(cha)。設計(ji)院(yuan)于1980年(nian)6月(yue)提交(jiao)《西枝江(jiang)水(shui)利樞(shu)紐工程(cheng)土(tu)壩復(fu)查(cha)情況及加(jia)固續建(jian)方案選擇(ze)報告》,認為土(tu)壩存在質量問題必須加(jia)固。提出(chu)中(zhong)央(yang)混凝土(tu)防滲(shen)墻方案。同年(nian)8月(yue),水(shui)電部批復(fu)同意(yi)。
樞紐工程的(de)技施設計于1977年(nian)開始,1981年(nian)底(di)完成攔河壩(ba)(ba)、土壩(ba)(ba)、電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)施工詳圖。攔河壩(ba)(ba)樞紐工程設計獲廣東(dong)省1987年(nian)至1985年(nian)度設計優秀項目(mu)二等獎。
施工
工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程于1959年底由惠(hui)陽(yang)縣組(zu)織(zhi)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),1960年8月(yue)(yue)下馬(ma)停(ting)建。1977年4月(yue)(yue)復(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),土(tu)(tu)壩由惠(hui)東(dong)縣組(zu)織(zhi)民(min)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。同年8月(yue)(yue),混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)攔河壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程轉由省(sheng)水電施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊(dui)伍施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1980年2月(yue)(yue)土(tu)(tu)壩轉由惠(hui)陽(yang)地區水電隊(dui)伍施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)。1959-1960年(nian)按土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)施工(gong),導(dao)流工(gong)程開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。1973年(nian)改為混(hun)凝土(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an),1977年(nian)復工(gong),次年(nian)2月(yue)起(qi)澆筑(zhu)混(hun)凝土(tu)圍堰(yan),11月(yue)合攏,明(ming)渠(qu)通水。1981年(nian)11月(yue)導(dao)流明(ming)渠(qu)下閘(zha)改由4#壩(ba)(ba)(ba)段底孔(kong)導(dao)流。1984年(nian)8月(yue)混(hun)凝土(tu)攔(lan)河(he)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)完工(gong)。完成主(zhu)要工(gong)程量(含電站):混(hun)凝土(tu)和鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)39.82萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi);土(tu)方(fang)(fang)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)19.54萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi);石(shi)方(fang)(fang)開(kai)挖(wa)(wa)37.15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi);土(tu)方(fang)(fang)填筑(zhu)3.35萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi);石(shi)方(fang)(fang)砌(qi)筑(zhu)2.15萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。
副壩(ba)。1959-1960年(nian)(nian)采(cai)用水中填(tian)(tian)(tian)土(tu)法填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)(zhi)69米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)程(cheng)。1977年(nian)(nian)4月(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)1979年(nian)(nian)2月(yue),改用碾壓法填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)至(zhi)(zhi)72米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)程(cheng),由(you)于壩(ba)身填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)、灌(guan)溉涵管質量低(di)劣,停工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)全面檢查。此后按(an)設計(ji)加固方案施工(gong)(gong)。1981年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)1982年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)由(you)省水電廳機(ji)械施工(gong)(gong)公司采(cai)用沖擊(ji)鉆施工(gong)(gong)的第一(yi)期混凝土(tu)防滲(shen)墻完(wan)工(gong)(gong)(至(zhi)(zhi)72米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)程(cheng))。后墻體加高(gao)至(zhi)(zhi)85米(mi)(mi)(mi)高(gao)程(cheng),加高(gao)部分由(you)惠陽(yang)地(di)區水電工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)公司于1984年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)11月(yue)采(cai)用現澆(jiao)施工(gong)(gong)。至(zhi)(zhi)1987年(nian)(nian)10月(yue),副壩(ba)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)成。主(zhu)要(yao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)量有土(tu)方開挖20.93萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)49.4萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),石方砌筑(zhu)(zhu)3.14萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),填(tian)(tian)(tian)筑(zhu)(zhu)3.64萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi),混凝土(tu)1.13萬(wan)(wan)立(li)方米(mi)(mi)(mi)。
工程總投資(zi)1.93億元,其中工程費1.09億元,移民遷(qian)安7854萬(wan)元,其他511萬(wan)元。庫區淹沒耕地2.34萬(wan)畝(mu)(其中水(shui)田1.84萬(wan)畝(mu))。遷(qian)移人口(kou)2.13萬(wan)人。
工程效益
防洪(hong):減輕(qing)惠(hui)東、惠(hui)陽(yang)兩縣(區)及惠(hui)州(zhou)市(shi)和惠(hui)州(zhou)機(ji)場的洪(hong)水威(wei)脅,受(shou)益農田32萬畝。水庫于(yu)1986年按設計運行(xing),即遭(zao)遇8607號強臺風及暴雨考驗,經(jing)水庫調(diao)蓄(xu),惠(hui)東縣水位降低1.95米(mi),減少淹田13萬余畝。
灌(guan)溉:可灌(guan)溉農田17,47萬畝。但到1987年(nian)止灌(guan)區工(gong)程尚未(wei)動(dong)工(gong)興建(jian),故(gu)尚未(wei)發生效益。
發電(dian):1985年8月電(dian)站(zhan)正式投產,至1987年10月已發電(dian)1.63億(yi)千瓦時,為當地(di)工農業提供了電(dian)能(neng)。
交通信息
自駕:
深圳--梅觀高(gao)速(su)--機荷(he)高(gao)速(su)--深汕高(gao)速(su)--凌坑(keng)出入(ru)口-廣(guang)惠高(gao)速(su)-百花(hua)出入(ru)口-356省道-惠東縣-增光-多祝-白盆珠。