工程作用
洈水(shui)水(shui)庫(ku)是在洈水(shui)流域(yu)中游建壩攔洪，以灌(guan)溉為(wei)主(zhu)，具有防(fang)洪、發(fa)電、養殖等綜合效(xiao)益的大型(xing)水(shui)利工程。庫(ku)區跨(kua)鄂湘兩省的五(wu)峰(feng)、松(song)滋、石門、澧縣(xian)四縣(xian)市(shi)，總庫(ku)容5.93億(yi)立方米，灌(guan)溉湖北松(song)滋、公(gong)安和湖南澧縣(xian)共(gong)52萬畝農(nong)田，發(fa)電裝機四臺，容量1.24萬千瓦。
修建歷程
一
洈(wei)水(shui)是(shi)洞庭湖(hu)四口水(shui)系松西(xi)河的(de)(de)(de)支(zhi)流(liu)，位于(yu)(yu)湖(hu)北(bei)省西(xi)南(nan)部(bu)和(he)湖(hu)南(nan)省西(xi)北(bei)部(bu)交界處(chu)。發源于(yu)(yu)五(wu)峰清水(shui)灣，處(chu)于(yu)(yu)暴雨區(qu)范圍內，雨量充沛，多年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均來水(shui)9.42億立方米(mi)。建庫前每逢暴雨，山洪(hong)洶涌(yong)，沿岸(an)平(ping)川沖(chong)漫，下游近30萬(wan)畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)區(qu)洪(hong)澇成災(zai)。然而，洈(wei)水(shui)沿岸(an)丘陵、崗地，年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)又缺水(shui)干旱，人(ren)(ren)畜飲水(shui)十(shi)分(fen)困難。群眾中流(liu)傳著(zhu)這樣一首民謠:"一天大雨淹了(le)田，五(wu)日(ri)無(wu)(wu)雨旱冒(mao)煙，十(shi)年(nian)(nian)就(jiu)有九不收，拖兒帶女逃荒年(nian)(nian)"。還因溪(xi)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)漲落頻繁(fan)，使(shi)下游10萬(wan)畝(mu)的(de)(de)(de)王(wang)家大湖(hu)雜草叢生，釘螺繁(fan)殖，血吸(xi)蟲病(bing)害(hai)十(shi)分(fen)嚴重。有時水(shui)、旱、病(bing)三災(zai)并發，給(gei)沿流(liu)域數十(shi)萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)民帶來苦不堪言(yan)的(de)(de)(de)災(zai)難和(he)危(wei)害(hai)，故人(ren)(ren)們稱此河流(liu)為危(wei)害(hai)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)"危(wei)水(shui)"。無(wu)(wu)止境的(de)(de)(de)災(zai)害(hai)，舊中國無(wu)(wu)法根治，人(ren)(ren)民多少(shao)年(nian)(nian)夢寐以求治理(li)洈(wei)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)夙愿無(wu)(wu)法實(shi)現。
新中國成(cheng)(cheng)立后，黨和(he)(he)人(ren)民政府十分關心洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發(fa)治理，由于(yu)(yu)當時(shi)條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限制，僅采取局(ju)部(bu)引排措(cuo)施。1952年(nian)(nian)(nian)松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)紙廠河下游(you)雷打坑至(zhi)廖(liao)家(jia)灣進行小改(gai)道(dao)(dao)，可縮(suo)短河線8公里，翌年(nian)(nian)(nian)冬成(cheng)(cheng)立洈河改(gai)道(dao)(dao)指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)部(bu)，動工(gong)后不(bu)久，因公安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)大德垸群(qun)眾提(ti)出(chu)異議，后經(jing)(jing)荊州(zhou)專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)局(ju)出(chu)面調(diao)解(jie)(jie)無(wu)效而(er)停工(gong)。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)、1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)連(lian)續兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)旱(han)澇成(cheng)(cheng)災，干部(bu)群(qun)眾要求治理洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愿望更為迫切，特別是1954年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)下游(you)十多個(ge)民垸潰決(jue)，堵復工(gong)程量大，經(jing)(jing)松(song)、公兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)織有關人(ren)員勘(kan)測提(ti)出(chu)方(fang)案，上(shang)報荊州(zhou)專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)批準，決(jue)定從(cong)(cong)劉家(jia)小河改(gai)道(dao)(dao)經(jing)(jing)青羊山到(dao)重陽(yang)樹至(zhi)公安(an)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)鄭家(jia)湖入老洈河。專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)立施工(gong)指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)部(bu)，饒民太(tai)副專(zhuan)員兼指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)長，于(yu)(yu)當年(nian)(nian)(nian)農歷(li)冬月(yue)十五日組(zu)織勞力3萬人(ren)正式動工(gong)，不(bu)久因大雪封凍，估計(ji)春節前不(bu)能(neng)解(jie)(jie)凍，又加之災后人(ren)力、財力困難，臘月(yue)二(er)十三日饒副專(zhuan)員親臨(lin)工(gong)地(di)通知(zhi)停工(gong)并作善后處理。幾次改(gai)道(dao)(dao)均未成(cheng)(cheng)功，引起(qi)省、地(di)、縣(xian)(xian)(xian)各級領導的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重視，決(jue)心采取根治措(cuo)施。松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)局(ju)于(yu)(yu)1956年(nian)(nian)(nian)組(zu)織兩個(ge)測量隊，從(cong)(cong)本(ben)流域出(chu)口至(zhi)上(shang)游(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主支流進行全面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)形(xing)測量，搜集了大量水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文、地(di)質，及各種災害情況(kuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)資(zi)料，在(zai)(zai)吸取過去經(jing)(jing)驗教訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上(shang)，提(ti)出(chu)了"上(shang)蓄下排，根治洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合方(fang)案。1958年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)，專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)局(ju)派(pai)韓明炎(yan)工(gong)程師(shi)率隊對(dui)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流域進行復勘(kan)，選定在(zai)(zai)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中游(you)大巖咀(ju)修水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫，于(yu)(yu)5月(yue)26日編制洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)程設(she)計(ji)書(shu)，上(shang)報省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳和(he)(he)專(zhuan)署(shu)(shu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)局(ju)。同年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)(li)廳組(zu)織省水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)校師(shi)生30余人(ren)到(dao)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)測量，歷(li)時(shi)兩個(ge)月(yue)完成(cheng)(cheng)任務(wu)。同期松(song)滋縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委派(pai)副縣(xian)(xian)(xian)長貢福(fu)珍帶隊作施工(gong)準備工(gong)作。8月(yue)經(jing)(jing)荊州(zhou)地(di)委批準組(zu)建施工(gong)指(zhi)揮(hui)(hui)部(bu)，由松(song)、公兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian)組(zu)織1.5萬勞力，于(yu)(yu)9月(yue)1日在(zai)(zai)"根治洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，造(zao)福(fu)人(ren)民"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口號(hao)聲中，正式動工(gong)興建。
二
洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫工(gong)程(cheng)規(gui)模較大，任務(wu)艱(jian)巨，樞(shu)紐工(gong)程(cheng)由3壩(一主二(er)副)、5閘、1電站組(zu)成，灌(guan)區渠道分為七級(ji)，各種建(jian)(jian)筑物1293座(zuo)。在(zai)1958年修建(jian)(jian)這樣(yang)大的(de)工(gong)程(cheng)確(que)實困難很(hen)多(duo)，主要表現在(zai):一是(shi)當時國家財力、物力有限，動(dong)(dong)工(gong)時僅給20萬元器材包(bao)干(gan)經費，完全(quan)實行(xing)"民(min)辦公(gong)助";二(er)是(shi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)技術力量比(bi)較薄弱(ruo)，參戰人(ren)員沒有實踐(jian)經驗;三是(shi)流域在(zai)暴雨中心，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期間如(ru)何(he)排(pai)除洪(hong)水(shui)威脅，困難重(zhong)重(zhong)。面臨這樣(yang)嚴峻的(de)形勢，松、公(gong)兩縣(xian)人(ren)民(min)憑著對"根治(zhi)洈(wei)水(shui)"的(de)強(qiang)烈愿望，以高度(du)的(de)社會主義建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)熱情(qing)和自(zi)(zi)我犧牲精神，投入洈(wei)水(shui)水(shui)庫工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)。他們爭先(xian)恐(kong)后報名參戰，生(sheng)產工(gong)具自(zi)(zi)己帶，工(gong)棚(peng)材料自(zi)(zi)己籌(chou)，生(sheng)活(huo)物資自(zi)(zi)己備，不計報酬，不辭勞(lao)苦(ku)，日以繼(ji)夜(ye)戰斗在(zai)工(gong)地。施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期間最多(duo)上勞(lao)力近5萬人(ren)，干(gan)部與群(qun)眾打成一片，同(tong)吃、同(tong)住、同(tong)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)，傳統的(de)春(chun)節，民(min)工(gong)不回家過(guo)年，指揮(hui)長查遠澄更是(shi)與民(min)工(gong)同(tong)甘共(gong)苦(ku)，在(zai)工(gong)地度(du)過(guo)除夕之夜(ye)，干(gan)群(qun)一心建(jian)(jian)洈(wei)水(shui)，炮聲(sheng)動(dong)(dong)地土遮(zhe)天，人(ren)山人(ren)海，氣壯(zhuang)山河。工(gong)地深入持久地開展了以三高八比(bi)為內容，以百(bai)(連)千(組(zu))萬人(ren)(紅旗(qi)人(ren))的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)競賽運動(dong)(dong)，一浪(lang)高過(guo)一浪(lang)。
在施工(gong)過程中(zhong)，由于多種原因，工(gong)程歷(li)經初建、續建、加固三個階段，但干部、群眾(zhong)始(shi)終(zhong)以(yi)飽滿的(de)(de)政(zheng)治熱情，發揚(yang)"一不怕苦，二不怕死"的(de)(de)革(ge)命(ming)精神(shen)，戰(zhan)天斗地，苦干加巧(qiao)干，涌現出了(le)(le)許多可歌可泣的(de)(de)動人事跡和先進模范人物(wu)，有的(de)(de)甚(shen)至獻出了(le)(le)寶貴的(de)(de)生命(ming)，夙愿(yuan)終(zhong)于實現，功(gong)績永垂史冊。
洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設(she)以(yi)(yi)主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)最(zui)為(wei)緊(jin)張(zhang)艱巨。圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堰(yan)(yan)導(dao)(dao)流(liu)是(shi)保證大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)，對(dui)地(di)處暴雨中(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)來說，圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堰(yan)(yan)導(dao)(dao)流(liu)更有它的(de)(de)(de)特殊重(zhong)要性。工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)對(dui)此(ci)十分重(zhong)視，為(wei)此(ci)，在(zai)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)址上(shang)(shang)游1000米處設(she)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堰(yan)(yan)引排，加大(da)(da)(da)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)300立方米每(mei)秒，組(zu)織2000人(ren)日夜(ye)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堰(yan)(yan)尚未竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，于(yu)10月13日一(yi)天降雨104.6毫米，產生(sheng)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)904立方米每(mei)秒，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)連(lian)夜(ye)組(zu)織6000人(ren)搶筑，終(zhong)(zhong)因(yin)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)過(guo)猛，搶筑不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)及，漫(man)堤(di)崩潰。造成下(xia)(xia)游的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)物質器材被(bei)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)沖(chong)走(zou)，還沖(chong)走(zou)一(yi)民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，下(xia)(xia)落不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)明。施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)雖遭多次(ci)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)襲擊，但(dan)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)領導(dao)(dao)下(xia)(xia)，民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)氣餒，連(lian)續作戰，幾(ji)經(jing)(jing)(jing)堵復(fu)，終(zhong)(zhong)于(yu)初戰告捷，圍(wei)(wei)(wei)堰(yan)(yan)導(dao)(dao)流(liu)成功，使大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)得以(yi)(yi)順利施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。堵口(kou)合(he)龍是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)最(zui)為(wei)關鍵(jian)又最(zui)為(wei)緊(jin)張(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)時刻(ke)，由于(yu)當時大(da)(da)(da)辦鋼鐵的(de)(de)(de)需要，勞力(li)幾(ji)上(shang)(shang)幾(ji)下(xia)(xia)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進度(du)緩慢，而(er)省、地(di)委(wei)(wei)要求(qiu)1960年(nian)冬必須完成樞紐(niu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)任(ren)(ren)務(wu)，爭取部分受益。在(zai)1959年(nian)冬，面對(dui)著合(he)龍大(da)(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)填(tian)筑任(ren)(ren)務(wu)跟(gen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)上(shang)(shang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合(he)龍則已獲成果保不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住，會(hui)(hui)前功盡棄的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)會(hui)(hui)同(tong)技術人(ren)員經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)反復(fu)研究，報經(jing)(jing)(jing)上(shang)(shang)級同(tong)意，采取如下(xia)(xia)措施(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)是(shi)降低高程(cheng)，縮小斷面，做至90米高程(cheng)，保百年(nian)一(yi)遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)渡過(guo)汛期;二是(shi)保證土方進度(du)，采取縮短土方運(yun)距，加強勞力(li)組(zu)合(he)，改(gai)革運(yun)輸工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)具，確(que)立日升尺(chi)度(du)，并(bing)同(tong)民工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位的(de)(de)(de)公社(she)黨(dang)委(wei)(wei)書記簽(qian)訂任(ren)(ren)務(wu)合(he)同(tong)書，雙方明確(que)職責，請縣(xian)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)政府(fu)、檢察院監督實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，強化(hua)責任(ren)(ren)，確(que)保兌現;三是(shi)做好合(he)龍前一(yi)切準備，根據流(liu)域降水(shui)(shui)特點，決定1960年(nian)2月2日合(he)龍。
整個合龍(long)是(shi)一個與天斗與地斗的艱巨緊張過程(cheng)，2月(yue)(yue)2日(ri)上午7時(shi)，圍堰截流(liu)，5日(ri)正(zheng)式進(jin)土，7日(ri)工地召開合龍(long)慶典動員誓師大會，打響了(le)(le)馴服(fu)洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、造福人民的攻堅戰(zhan)。經13個日(ri)夜苦戰(zhan)，高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)筑(zhu)至70米(mi)(mi)時(shi)，15至17日(ri)連降大雨(yu)，庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)迅漲(zhang)至68米(mi)(mi)，而且還在繼(ji)續上漲(zhang)，形勢非常(chang)險(xian)惡(e)，施(shi)工萬分(fen)緊張，指(zhi)揮部及(ji)時(shi)采取非常(chang)措施(shi)，在迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)面搶(qiang)筑(zhu)子埂擋住洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)，干群合力投入戰(zhan)斗，不顧泥(ni)滑雨(yu)淋，水(shui)(shui)(shui)漲(zhang)堤高(gao)(gao)(gao)，終(zhong)于戰(zhan)勝洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)。經過3、4兩個月(yue)(yue)施(shi)工，大壩達到90米(mi)(mi)脫險(xian)高(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)，為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建設的成功作出了(le)(le)貢獻。
灌區(qu)(qu)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)道工程以北(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)施(shi)工為(wei)最(zui)難(nan)(nan)，主(zhu)支(zhi)(zhi)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)101公(gong)里(li)，有90%是盤山(shan)開(kai)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)，劈(pi)開(kai)山(shan)埡79處，最(zui)高(gao)達21米(mi)(mi)(mi)，鑿穿隧道17處，總長達2769米(mi)(mi)(mi)，架設(she)渡(du)槽6座，總長1544米(mi)(mi)(mi)，填(tian)筑(zhu)大(da)(da)山(shan)沖44處。特別是打隧洞用(yong)土(tu)法(fa)施(shi)工，還(huan)遇到(dao)流砂(sha)層、破碎帶等多處險段，依靠群眾的(de)智(zhi)慧和力量(liang)(liang)，戰勝了各種(zhong)困難(nan)(nan)，按計劃(hua)完成了任務。南(nan)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)施(shi)工速度(du)最(zui)快，全長94公(gong)里(li)，在1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)樞(shu)紐續建時(shi)(shi)相(xiang)繼開(kai)工，僅用(yong)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)半的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)完成土(tu)石方(fang)433萬(wan)立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，混凝土(tu)4054立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，砌石9700立(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，還(huan)架設(she)全灌區(qu)(qu)最(zui)長(875米(mi)(mi)(mi))、最(zui)高(gao)(31米(mi)(mi)(mi))的(de)渡(du)槽一(yi)座，開(kai)通(tong)各類渠(qu)(qu)(qu)系262.5公(gong)里(li)，1966年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月建成通(tong)水(shui)(shui)。澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)挖(wa)(wa)填(tian)量(liang)(liang)最(zui)大(da)(da).南(nan)北(bei)(bei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)受(shou)益(yi)后，澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)因(yin)連(lian)續幾(ji)年(nian)(nian)(nian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱，涔北(bei)(bei)地(di)區(qu)(qu)又無其他水(shui)(shui)源，群眾迫切要求興建澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)。常德地(di)委(wei)(wei)、澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)十分重視，在財力、物力極端困難(nan)(nan)的(de)情況(kuang)下，依靠群眾的(de)力量(liang)(liang)，以土(tu)為(wei)主(zhu)，采取"臺渠(qu)(qu)(qu)代渡(du)槽，大(da)(da)挖(wa)(wa)代隧洞"，劈(pi)山(shan)、填(tian)沖、筑(zhu)嶺，僅用(yong)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)開(kai)通(tong)了65公(gong)里(li)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)道，使灌區(qu)(qu)及早(zao)受(shou)益(yi)。該干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)能(neng)夠快速完工，與松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)和當地(di)政府的(de)大(da)(da)力支(zhi)(zhi)持是分不開(kai)的(de)，在建庫時(shi)(shi)澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)民顧(gu)全大(da)(da)局，承擔(dan)了淹沒(mei)及移民損失，所以在修干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)時(shi)(shi)，松(song)滋(zi)人(ren)(ren)民積極支(zhi)(zhi)持澧(li)(li)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)，盡早(zao)受(shou)益(yi)，無論在占壓良田、挖(wa)(wa)填(tian)山(shan)地(di)、搬遷(qian)農戶和民工住(zhu)房等方(fang)面都作(zuo)了大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)工作(zuo)，使工程順利實(shi)施(shi)，體現(xian)了松(song)澧(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)民相(xiang)互支(zhi)(zhi)持、團(tuan)結治(zhi)水(shui)(shui)的(de)好(hao)風尚。
洈水工(gong)(gong)(gong)程能在(zai)(zai)困(kun)難(nan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)進行施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，主要是在(zai)(zai)地、縣委的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)領(ling)導下(xia)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)地黨(dang)委依靠干(gan)部、技術人員、群(qun)眾三結合(he)(he)，遵循科學規律，發揚(yang)艱苦奮斗、自力更生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)精神(shen)，發揮了集體智慧和力量。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程從(cong)l958年初步(bu)設(she)(she)計(ji)到(dao)1965年續(xu)(xu)建修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)設(she)(she)計(ji)和1974年整險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)設(she)(she)計(ji)，經過反復多(duo)次(ci)(ci)多(duo)處(chu)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)補充(chong)，逐步(bu)趨向完善合(he)(he)理。如主壩(ba)原設(she)(she)計(ji)為粘土(tu)均質(zhi)壩(ba)，在(zai)(zai)續(xu)(xu)建時(shi)考慮到(dao)北端土(tu)源缺乏，改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)為粘土(tu)代(dai)料組合(he)(he)壩(ba)，縮(suo)短(duan)運距(ju)，節(jie)省土(tu)方(fang)量，加(jia)快了施工(gong)(gong)(gong)速度。溢洪道(dao)原址定在(zai)(zai)野雞(ji)凹(ao)，在(zai)(zai)續(xu)(xu)建時(shi)因孫(sun)家(jia)溪(xi)臨時(shi)泄(xie)洪沖深沖寬，巖石裸露，便因地制宜將溢洪道(dao)址改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)在(zai)(zai)孫(sun)家(jia)溪(xi)，既(ji)減少新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開挖(wa)量，又減少孫(sun)家(jia)溪(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)填(tian)筑量，符合(he)(he)客觀(guan)實際。特別是灌區續(xu)(xu)建時(shi)，經指揮長涂一元帶領(ling)技術人員反復勘測，決定抬高渠底1米，既(ji)可將灌溉面積(ji)增加(jia)8萬(wan)畝，又可減少渠道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)挖(wa)填(tian)量，這(zhe)次(ci)(ci)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)(gai)符合(he)(he)長遠利(li)益，深得灌區人民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)贊揚(yang)。
在大(da)施工(gong)期(qi)間，工(gong)地黨(dang)委發動群眾，依靠群眾，開(kai)展了(le)大(da)規(gui)模的工(gong)具改(gai)革，利用庫(ku)內、灌(guan)區的樹木作原料，曾進行(xing)(xing)過斗(dou)車化、軌道化、板車化等(deng)項改(gai)革。但因行(xing)(xing)程遠(yuan)、坡陡(dou)、卸(xie)料困難以及勞(lao)力擁擠諸多矛(mao)盾，未能廣泛使用。后來因地制宜，使用木制手推(tui)獨(du)輪車，在大(da)壩推(tui)土(tu)效果良好，小巧玲瓏，一(yi)人操作，裝卸(xie)方便，不(bu)擇道路，坡陡(dou)可繞(rao)"之"字路而行(xing)(xing)，載(zai)重(zhong)250公(gong)斤，大(da)大(da)減輕了(le)勞(lao)動強度，提高了(le)工(gong)效。
洈(wei)(wei)水水庫的(de)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，黨和(he)(he)各級政府(fu)給(gei)予極(ji)大的(de)支持(chi)和(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)懷。在(zai)初(chu)建(jian)(jian)、續建(jian)(jian)、加固三個階段(duan)中，水利(li)部(bu)部(bu)長(chang)錢正英、副(fu)部(bu)長(chang)李伯寧(ning)，湖北省(sheng)(sheng)省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)張體(ti)學(xue)、副(fu)省(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)夏(xia)世厚和(he)(he)湖南省(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)領導都曾親(qin)臨(lin)工(gong)地指導，省(sheng)(sheng)水利(li)廳和(he)(he)地、縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)領導多次到(dao)工(gong)地檢查指導、慰問(wen)和(he)(he)幫助(zhu)解決具體(ti)問(wen)題。在(zai)續建(jian)(jian)時荊州地委(wei)(wei)派地區水利(li)局局長(chang)任(ren)指揮長(chang)，并組(zu)織有(you)關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門的(de)領導和(he)(he)大批(pi)技術人(ren)(ren)員參加洈(wei)(wei)水施(shi)工(gong)。松滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)、政府(fu)更是要人(ren)(ren)上人(ren)(ren)、要物給(gei)物，保證了工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)順(shun)利(li)施(shi)工(gong)。公安、澧縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)同樣(yang)對水庫建(jian)(jian)設(she)十分關(guan)(guan)心(xin)，給(gei)予了極(ji)大的(de)支持(chi)，形成(cheng)了"湘鄂人(ren)(ren)民心(xin)連心(xin)，團結治水情誼深"的(de)良(liang)好(hao)風(feng)范，在(zai)管理(li)中更好(hao)地發揚治水、用水一(yi)盤棋的(de)好(hao)傳統，受到(dao)部(bu)、省(sheng)(sheng)多次好(hao)評。
水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建設過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，曾遇到(dao)(dao)過(guo)許多矛盾和(he)問(wen)題(ti)。1958年(nian)(nian)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)開(kai)工后(hou)(hou)不(bu)久，正(zheng)值(zhi)全(quan)國開(kai)展大辦鋼(gang)鐵，施工只好讓路，已經(jing)上來(lai)的(de)(de)勞力抽調大批支(zhi)援辦鋼(gang)鐵，使原計劃上8萬人減到(dao)(dao)只上1.5萬人，工程(cheng)(cheng)不(bu)能按計劃進行。同時(shi)因勞力不(bu)足(zu)，工程(cheng)(cheng)進展緩慢，到(dao)(dao)1959年(nian)(nian)初大壩合(he)龍(long)還(huan)是(shi)不(bu)合(he)龍(long)面臨兩(liang)種選擇。在這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)關鍵(jian)時(shi)刻，工地黨(dang)委一(yi)(yi)(yi)班(ban)人以(yi)對(dui)黨(dang)對(dui)人民高(gao)度(du)負責的(de)(de)精神和(he)求實的(de)(de)態度(du)，同技術人員一(yi)(yi)(yi)起根據洈(wei)水(shui)上游降水(shui)規律，分析合(he)龍(long)的(de)(de)必要性(xing)。在工程(cheng)(cheng)施工中(zhong)(zhong)采(cai)取縮窄斷面、縮短運(yun)距等多種措施，論(lun)證合(he)龍(long)的(de)(de)可行性(xing)。前后(hou)(hou)方(fang)黨(dang)委研究決定(ding)全(quan)黨(dang)動(dong)員、全(quan)民動(dong)員，組織一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)人力、物力為合(he)龍(long)提供可靠保證，報經(jing)上級(ji)黨(dang)委批準，實施了合(he)龍(long)保成果(guo)的(de)(de)方(fang)案。實踐證明這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)決策是(shi)正(zheng)確(que)的(de)(de)，它充分體現(xian)了尊重科學和(he)依靠人民群眾(zhong)的(de)(de)重要性(xing)，是(shi)領導(dao)科學指導(dao)實踐成功的(de)(de)范(fan)例。在續建中(zhong)(zhong)正(zheng)值(zhi)全(quan)國開(kai)展設計革(ge)命，由(you)于認識有些不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致，在設計中(zhong)(zhong)出現(xian)了片面求省，使工程(cheng)(cheng)設計標準偏低。1970年(nian)(nian)基本建成運(yun)用以(yi)后(hou)(hou)，工程(cheng)(cheng)質量出現(xian)不(bu)同程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，被列(lie)為全(quan)國病險(xian)(xian)庫(ku)(ku)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。后(hou)(hou)來(lai)經(jing)過(guo)五(wu)年(nian)(nian)整險(xian)(xian)加(jia)固，才(cai)使工程(cheng)(cheng)完全(quan)符合(he)安全(quan)標準。
經過近15年的(de)(de)艱苦奮斗(dou)，國家總(zong)投資(zi)2915.44萬(wan)元(yuan)，地方自籌(chou)403.4萬(wan)元(yuan)。群眾(zhong)投工3220.11萬(wan)個，完成土石方2528.52萬(wan)立(li)方米。壩體總(zong)量532萬(wan)立(li)方米、長(chang)度1640米的(de)(de)主壩巍(wei)巍(wei)屹(yi)立(li)于洈水河(he)谷之上，7公里多的(de)(de)副壩蜿蜒在山嶺之中，使(shi)洈水這條"孽龍(long)(long)"從此聽憑調(diao)遣。三(san)條總(zong)長(chang)263公里的(de)(de)干渠似(si)(si)長(chang)龍(long)(long)伸延于鄂湘兩省交界的(de)(de)山地間，滋潤(run)著萬(wan)頃農田。發電(dian)站輸(shu)出巨大(da)的(de)(de)電(dian)能，似(si)(si)閃耀明珠普(pu)照山鄉，人民齊(qi)頌共(gong)產黨(dang)，載歌載舞慶豐年。
三
地(di)(di)委(wei)(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)(wei)對管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作十分(fen)重(zhong)視。早在建(jian)(jian)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)初(chu)期，就由松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)建(jian)(jian)立了松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)大巖(yan)咀水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)，人(ren)員(yuan)在施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)指揮部(bu)內(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，經費由縣(xian)(xian)財政開支。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月19日接(jie)(jie)收勝(sheng)利(li)(li)公(gong)社(she)為(wei)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)所(suo)轄，建(jian)(jian)立畜(chu)牧場(chang)、林場(chang)。1960年(nian)(nian)(nian)大壩合龍以后，庫(ku)(ku)(ku)內(nei)蓄(xu)水(shui)(shui)，南、北閘及發電(dian)引水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)，地(di)(di)委(wei)(wei)委(wei)(wei)托松(song)滋(zi)縣(xian)(xian)正(zheng)式成(cheng)立洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)，并(bing)將(jiang)勝(sheng)利(li)(li)、建(jian)(jian)設公(gong)社(she)劃歸水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，1961年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月又將(jiang)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)周大巖(yan)咀公(gong)社(she)、坪山公(gong)社(she)劃歸水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)一(yi)(yi)并(bing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。1962年(nian)(nian)(nian)因受(shou)自然災害影響，無法繼(ji)續(xu)(xu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程下(xia)馬，水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)人(ren)員(yuan)縮減，所(suo)轄公(gong)社(she)交(jiao)給西齋區(qu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，保留(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)林場(chang)。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)行(xing)(xing)使建(jian)(jian)設施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)留(liu)守和已建(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)任(ren)務。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程進行(xing)(xing)續(xu)(xu)建(jian)(jian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)歸并(bing)指揮部(bu)，施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)一(yi)(yi)齊抓。1970年(nian)(nian)(nian)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)基本(ben)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)才充實(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)，獨立行(xing)(xing)使管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)職責和承擔(dan)遺留(liu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)建(jian)(jian)設。1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程規模及管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)任(ren)務的(de)需要，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)改屬地(di)(di)區(qu)水(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)直接(jie)(jie)領(ling)導(dao)，為(wei)地(di)(di)區(qu)二(er)級(ji)單位(wei)。1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)處(chu)改為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)，定為(wei)正(zheng)縣(xian)(xian)級(ji)單位(wei)，荊沙市合并(bing)后更名為(wei)"洈水(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)"。在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體制上(shang)，本(ben)著誰受(shou)益(yi)誰管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，統一(yi)(yi)領(ling)導(dao)，分(fen)級(ji)負責的(de)原(yuan)則(ze)，逐步趨向完善。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)對樞(shu)紐灌區(qu)以及水(shui)(shui)、電(dian)、漁等(deng)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)統一(yi)(yi)領(ling)導(dao)和經營管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)。但對灌區(qu)干渠屬于一(yi)(yi)個(ge)縣(xian)(xian)受(shou)益(yi)的(de)部(bu)分(fen)劃歸該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)直接(jie)(jie)主管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)局(ju)(ju)在業務上(shang)進行(xing)(xing)指導(dao)，這樣有利(li)(li)于調動(dong)地(di)(di)方修(xiu)渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)渠、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)的(de)積極性(xing)。 -
水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)從初建、續建到1970年(nian)基(ji)本竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，遺留(liu)下的尾(wei)巴工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)很(hen)大(da)，"北干"尚未通(tong)水(shui)(shui)，"南干"配套(tao)(tao)不(bu)全，"澧干"沒有(you)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，大(da)壩(ba)觀測設施未建，因此(ci)二十多年(nian)的運用過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是個邊(bian)(bian)管(guan)理、邊(bian)(bian)配套(tao)(tao)、邊(bian)(bian)建設、邊(bian)(bian)發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益(yi)的過程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。為(wei)(wei)提高防洪標(biao)準和(he)(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量，更好(hao)地發(fa)揮工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)效(xiao)益(yi).在(zai)管(guan)理期間(jian)進行了(le)整險加固設計(ji)與(yu)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)禁腳和(he)(he)(he)保護范圍，地方政府(fu)也(ye)十分(fen)關心和(he)(he)(he)支持，分(fen)別(bie)以松會水(shui)(shui)字[1966]144號(hao)(hao)和(he)(he)(he)松革水(shui)(shui)字[1971]113號(hao)(hao)文作了(le)明確規(gui)定，為(wei)(wei)管(guan)好(hao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)創造了(le)有(you)利條件。
管理(li)局對工程的監(jian)測(ce)十分重視，在接(jie)受管理(li)任務后及時(shi)建起了(le)(le)大壩(ba)的沉(chen)陷、位移、滲漏(lou)等觀測(ce)設施(shi)(shi)，并建立(li)專班(ban)進行觀測(ce)，編寫了(le)(le)大量資(zi)料，為整險(xian)加固(gu)設計提供了(le)(le)可靠(kao)的依據(ju)。在加固(gu)中又(you)建起了(le)(le)浸潤線和壩(ba)基滲漏(lou)等觀測(ce)設施(shi)(shi)，這些監(jian)測(ce)設施(shi)(shi)的建立(li)與操作(zuo)，對工程管理(li)發揮了(le)(le)極(ji)為有效的作(zuo)用。同時(shi)，為清除壩(ba)身(shen)隱患，組織專班(ban)開(kai)展了(le)(le)防治白蟻(yi)的工作(zuo)。
洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫汛(xun)期(qi)調(diao)度(du)權限由(you)地區(qu)防(fang)汛(xun)指(zhi)揮部統一掌握(wo)，為(wei)(wei)加強防(fang)汛(xun)工(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)領導(dao)，地委每年委托(tuo)松(song)滋縣(xian)委的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)負責人擔任指(zhi)揮長(chang)。在(zai)運(yun)用(yong)初期(qi)，由(you)于多種原(yuan)因(yin)，規定(ding)汛(xun)限水(shui)(shui)(shui)位為(wei)(wei)90米(設計(ji)92米)，1980年加固竣工(gong)后，提(ti)(ti)高到93米，經1983年大洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)和93米以上(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位43天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)考驗，工(gong)程是安全的(de)(de)(de)，但對(dui)下游防(fang)洪的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)度(du)余(yu)地小，因(yin)此(ci)正(zheng)式確定(ding)按92米運(yun)行(xing)。近年由(you)于通訊監(jian)(jian)測手段的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高，視天(tian)氣情況，允許(xu)浮(fu)動0.5米。為(wei)(wei)做好(hao)調(diao)度(du)運(yun)用(yong)工(gong)作，管(guan)理局(ju)從擔負管(guan)理職責開(kai)始，即(ji)著手開(kai)展洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)預報(bao)，編制(zhi)調(diao)度(du)方案(an)，先后在(zai)庫區(qu)上(shang)游建立了(le)觀測站網和通訊聯系網絡，近年又將無線電(dian)傳遞改(gai)為(wei)(wei)自動遙測系統，大大提(ti)(ti)高了(le)監(jian)(jian)控功能。并根據多年探(tan)索本(ben)流域的(de)(de)(de)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)規律，總結出了(le)"低水(shui)(shui)(shui)迎汛(xun)，中(zhong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保灌(guan)，高水(shui)(shui)(shui)越冬"的(de)(de)(de)調(diao)度(du)原(yuan)則，極(ji)大地提(ti)(ti)高了(le)灌(guan)溉和發電(dian)的(de)(de)(de)保證率，以及防(fang)洪錯峰的(de)(de)(de)綜合效益。
農(nong)田(tian)灌(guan)溉(gai)是洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫的主要任務，受(shou)益初期，因工(gong)程配套(tao)不全，加(jia)之"吃大(da)鍋(guo)飯，喝(he)大(da)鍋(guo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)"，從(cong)(cong)育秧開始(shi)到晚(wan)稻收割，年(nian)放水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在135天以上，年(nian)均耗(hao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)2.5億立(li)方米左右，最高達3.36億立(li)方米。這樣(yang)無節制(zhi)地放水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，不僅浪(lang)費(fei)大(da)量水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，也使(shi)部分(fen)農(nong)田(tian)冷浸受(shou)害，還(huan)出現1972年(nian)、1974年(nian)在庫內抽(chou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，耗(hao)資40萬(wan)元的情況。為此，管理單位在灌(guan)區(qu)進行了大(da)量工(gong)程配套(tao)，并借鑒(jian)外地計量收費(fei)經驗，結合洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)實際，制(zhi)訂了各項管理規章，從(cong)(cong)1982年(nian)開始(shi)全灌(guan)區(qu)實行"按田(tian)配水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、計量收費(fei)"。隨(sui)著用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)收費(fei)制(zhi)度改革和渠道配套(tao)不斷完善提(ti)高，使(shi)用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量大(da)大(da)減少(shao)，年(nian)均在1.5億立(li)方米以下，這樣(yang)每年(nian)可增加(jia)發電量1000千瓦時以上，既提(ti)高了灌(guan)溉(gai)保證率(lv)，又增加(jia)了管理單位的經濟(ji)收入(ru)。
為保證工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的完整與常新(xin)，本(ben)著"功在(zai)平日，貴在(zai)堅持"的原則，管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)局對工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進(jin)(jin)行了精(jing)心(xin)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)，采取年歲修(xiu)、季小修(xiu)、月維修(xiu)以(yi)及(ji)隨壞隨修(xiu)的方式，不斷進(jin)(jin)行整治保養提(ti)高。并規定(ding)達到(dao)壩(ba)面(mian)(mian)無(wu)(wu)坑洼(wa)，背坡(po)無(wu)(wu)雜草，護坡(po)無(wu)(wu)散石，溝道無(wu)(wu)阻塞，設備完好，運用靈活，面(mian)(mian)貌常新(xin)等多種目標要求，進(jin)(jin)而完善提(ti)高為全面(mian)(mian)目標管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)責任制，有效地提(ti)高了管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作水平。
水(shui)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)是(shi)水(shui)庫功能的(de)(de)重(zhong)要組成(cheng)部分，施工期(qi)間僅裝機3臺，容量(liang)9200千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)，于1970年4月相繼投(tou)入運行(xing)，1976年自籌資金110萬元，安(an)裝了(le)第4臺機組，容量(liang)3200千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)。水(shui)庫管理(li)局依據保(bao)安(an)全、保(bao)農灌、兼顧防洪，爭(zheng)取多發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)和效益服從安(an)全的(de)(de)原則(ze)，精心調度(du)。現年均發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)已(yi)近4000千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)。為照顧地方用(yong)電(dian)，早在1971年電(dian)站運行(xing)不久，經(jing)省電(dian)力廳(ting)趙墨軒副廳(ting)長同意，為解決(jue)西齋、大巖(yan)咀(ju)兩鄉鎮的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)問題，開(kai)始架(jia)臨(lin)時(shi)線(xian)路，并用(yong)200千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)的(de)(de)變(bian)壓器，解決(jue)照明，逐步發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)為西齋供(gong)(gong)電(dian)所，現有35千(qian)(qian)伏變(bian)電(dian)站一(yi)座，容量(liang)8000千(qian)(qian)伏安(an)，還(huan)有大巖(yan)咀(ju)、豹子嶺兩處開(kai)關站，年供(gong)(gong)電(dian)量(liang)3000萬千(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)時(shi)以上，占發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)80%，形成(cheng)了(le)發(fa)(fa)(fa)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)一(yi)條龍，有力地支持了(le)地方經(jing)濟的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，也增強了(le)自身經(jing)濟活力。
在搞好工(gong)程管理，確保工(gong)程安(an)全的前提下，充分利(li)用水、土、電的資源優勢，堅(jian)持以(yi)發(fa)(fa)展經濟為中心(xin)，本著鞏(gong)固發(fa)(fa)供(gong)電支柱，增(zeng)強(qiang)種養(yang)業(ye)基礎(chu)，加(jia)快第三(san)產業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展的指導思(si)想，開(kai)發(fa)(fa)了(le)農供(gong)水、發(fa)(fa)供(gong)電、工(gong)加(jia)建、種養(yang)飲、商貿游等(deng)多門路的經營(ying)生(sheng)產，使自身效(xiao)益不斷提高(gao)，由1980年(nian)的年(nian)產值344萬元逐步增(zeng)加(jia)到1995年(nian)的2380萬元。
在(zai)抓物質文(wen)明建(jian)設的同時，始終(zhong)堅持抓精神文(wen)明建(jian)設，加(jia)強(qiang)和(he)完善黨的領導，注重領導班子自身建(jian)設，注意(yi)加(jia)強(qiang)思想政治(zhi)工作(zuo)。不斷深(shen)化內(nei)部(bu)經營機制改革，建(jian)立健全(quan)(quan)各項(xiang)行為(wei)規范，增強(qiang)凝聚(ju)力和(he)責(ze)任(ren)感(gan)，促進(jin)全(quan)(quan)面進(jin)步。由于(yu)出色的管理工作(zuo)，《中(zhong)國水(shui)(shui)利報》曾以"凝聚(ju)力、責(ze)任(ren)制、好氛圍(wei)"為(wei)題報道(dao)了(le)洈水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫。管理局先(xian)(xian)后被水(shui)(shui)利部(bu)評為(wei)先(xian)(xian)進(jin)管理單位(wei)、部(bu)一(yi)級管理單位(wei)和(he)全(quan)(quan)國先(xian)(xian)進(jin)灌區(qu)、先(xian)(xian)進(jin)集(ji)體、省(sheng)(sheng)農業先(xian)(xian)進(jin)單位(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)綠化先(xian)(xian)進(jin)單位(wei)、省(sheng)(sheng)農口系統先(xian)(xian)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)電站和(he)地區(qu)綜(zong)合經營先(xian)(xian)進(jin)單位(wei)、文(wen)明單位(wei)等，1986~1995年全(quan)(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)大型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫千分制四屆考評中(zhong)連續四次評為(wei)第(di)一(yi)名。
四
洈水(shui)水(shui)庫的(de)經營(ying)在經費(fei)由補差(cha)、自給到逐步走向(xiang)良性循(xun)環的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，特(te)別注重(zhong)發揮(hui)水(shui)庫的(de)工程(cheng)效益和社會綜合效益。
水(shui)庫自1966年(nian)開灌近10萬(wan)畝農田受(shou)益以(yi)(yi)來，隨著工程(cheng)的(de)完善以(yi)(yi)及山荒(huang)面積(ji)的(de)墾殖擴大，現灌溉農田已達50萬(wan)畝，截(jie)至1994年(nian)底(di)，共為灌區供水(shui)45.6億立方米，以(yi)(yi)起灌為基數，累(lei)計因水(shui)利作用增產糧食23億公斤。
水庫在(zai)汛期發揮了(le)應有防洪(hong)(hong)作用，自1970年至今共為(wei)下(xia)(xia)游調(diao)蓄流(liu)量在(zai)1000立方(fang)米每秒(miao)以上的(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)峰18次，其中(zhong)(zhong)超過2000立方(fang)米每秒(miao)流(liu)量5次，保護了(le)下(xia)(xia)游松(song)滋、公安(an)兩(liang)縣25萬人口和近30萬畝(mu)農田(tian)的(de)(de)安(an)全，特別是(shi)在(zai)1983年、1991~1995年三次大的(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)水中(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)下(xia)(xia)游減(jian)少直接經濟損失在(zai)2億元以上，并減(jian)輕了(le)對(dui)松(song)西河的(de)(de)洪(hong)(hong)水威脅。
水(shui)庫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站自(zi)1970年投入運行以(yi)來(lai)，累計發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量8.8億(yi)千瓦(wa)時，年均發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量在3500萬千瓦(wa)時左右，為工(gong)農業生(sheng)產提供了有效(xiao)(xiao)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，創造了良好(hao)的社會效(xiao)(xiao)益(yi)。同時，還利用發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)尾(wei)水(shui)在七里廟、芭芒灘建了兩座總裝機6臺、容量3900千瓦(wa)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。
水(shui)(shui)庫的(de)水(shui)(shui)面(mian)和荒山禿嶺(ling)，自建庫以(yi)來(lai)也在逐漸被開(kai)發利用，庫區(qu)已栽植用材林(lin)4萬多畝，其中(zhong)柑桔面(mian)積9000畝。90%以(yi)上面(mian)積已披上綠裝(zhuang)，水(shui)(shui)庫管理(li)面(mian)積造林(lin)已達(da)(da)l00%。年產柑桔可(ke)達(da)(da)200萬公斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上(水(shui)(shui)庫40萬公斤(jin)(jin))，其他水(shui)(shui)果50萬公斤(jin)(jin)左右，捕撈成魚30萬公斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上。不僅創造了(le)(le)良好的(de)經濟效益，也改善了(le)(le)生態環境。
庫區山青水(shui)(shui)秀，氣候宜人(ren)，優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)小氣候，恬靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)境和遼(liao)闊的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)面、奇特的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶洞群，以及其他人(ren)文景觀，融為(wei)一體(ti)，吸(xi)引了(le)不少的(de)(de)(de)(de)中外游(you)客前(qian)(qian)來(lai)洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)庫考察(cha)、參觀旅(lv)游(you)。水(shui)(shui)庫的(de)(de)(de)(de)自然景色只(zhi)要(yao)進(jin)行必要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)妝點(dian)，將更添風采。目前(qian)(qian)，一個洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)旅(lv)游(you)熱點(dian)正(zheng)在(zai)逐步形成。灌區人(ren)民在(zai)各級(ji)黨委和政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導和關懷(huai)下，經過(guo)自己的(de)(de)(de)(de)努力，使(shi)過(guo)去的(de)(de)(de)(de)"水(shui)(shui)袋(dai)子(zi)(zi)、旱包子(zi)(zi)、蟲(chong)(chong)窩(wo)子(zi)(zi)(血吸(xi)蟲(chong)(chong))"貧困落(luo)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)面貌發生了(le)根本(ben)變化，正(zheng)在(zai)奔向小康之路(lu)。廣大(da)群眾(zhong)說:我們(men)現(xian)在(zai)是(shi)喝的(de)(de)(de)(de)洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)，吃的(de)(de)(de)(de)洈(wei)水(shui)(shui)糧，過(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)日(ri)子(zi)(zi)，享(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)產黨的(de)(de)(de)(de)福(fu)。
洈水水庫(ku)還存在(zai)若干需(xu)要解決的(de)(de)問題:一是(shi)樞紐(niu)上游(you)的(de)(de)植被雖然(ran)有所(suo)改(gai)善，但淤積仍很(hen)嚴重，影響了有效(xiao)水量(liang)，需(xu)要進一步做好上游(you)的(de)(de)水土保持工(gong)(gong)作;二是(shi)上下游(you)防洪標準的(de)(de)差(cha)距很(hen)大，下游(you)河(he)道堤防很(hen)不適應水庫(ku)防洪要求，需(xu)要加(jia)做工(gong)(gong)程提高標準;三是(shi)灌(guan)區配(pei)套還不十分完善，已配(pei)套工(gong)(gong)程標準偏低(di)，老化程度日趨(qu)嚴重，勢必(bi)影響農灌(guan)效(xiao)益，還有大量(liang)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作要做;四(si)是(shi)隨著(zhu)工(gong)(gong)農業生產發展(zhan)，上游(you)各個地方(fang)的(de)(de)開發與防止水資(zi)(zi)源污染的(de)(de)矛盾將有發展(zhan)，保護水資(zi)(zi)源的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作會(hui)更加(jia)艱巨。
縱(zong)觀洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的(de)發展，潛力(li)(li)很(hen)大，前景廣闊.只要(yao)繼續發揚"團結奮(fen)進(jin)、改革創(chuang)新(xin)、科學管理、實干興庫(ku)"的(de)洈水(shui)(shui)(shui)精神，沿(yan)著(zhu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)、農、工、商、游(you)的(de)格(ge)局奮(fen)力(li)(li)拼搏，闊步前進(jin)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)必將(jiang)發揮更好的(de)綜合效益，為社(she)會主義現(xian)代(dai)化建(jian)設(she)作(zuo)出更大的(de)貢(gong)獻。
歲月靜好 
