西(xi)霞院水(shui)庫,是黃(huang)(huang)河小(xiao)浪(lang)底水(shui)利(li)(li)樞紐的配套工(gong)程,位于小(xiao)浪(lang)底壩址下游16公(gong)(gong)里(li)處的黃(huang)(huang)河干流上(shang),距(ju)離洛陽市25公(gong)(gong)里(li),離孟津縣城(cheng)10公(gong)(gong)里(li),離吉利(li)(li)區5公(gong)(gong)里(li),離鄭州市116公(gong)(gong)里(li)。水(shui)庫的任務是以反調節(jie)為主,結(jie)合(he)發電,兼顧灌溉(gai)、供水(shui)等綜(zong)合(he)利(li)(li)用。
工程布置及規模
西(xi)霞院反調(diao)節水庫主(zhu)要建筑(zhu)物有土石壩、泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)閘(zha)、排(pai)(pai)(pai)沙(sha)閘(zha)、河床式(shi)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)廠房(fang)、王(wang)莊引(yin)(yin)水閘(zha)、壩后灌(guan)溉(gai)引(yin)(yin)水閘(zha)及電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)安(an)裝(zhuang)間(jian)下排(pai)(pai)(pai)沙(sha)洞等(deng),壩軸(zhou)線總(zong)長(chang)3122m,其中(泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)、發電(dian)(dian)、引(yin)(yin)水)混凝土壩段長(chang)513m。泄(xie)水、發電(dian)(dian)建筑(zhu)物集中布置在右(you)(you)岸(an)灘地,共設置21孔泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)閘(zha),排(pai)(pai)(pai)沙(sha)建筑(zhu)物包括電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)廠房(fang)左(zuo)側(ce)(ce)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)沙(sha)洞、右(you)(you)側(ce)(ce)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)沙(sha)閘(zha)和機組(zu)之間(jian)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)沙(sha)底孔,王(wang)莊引(yin)(yin)水閘(zha)位于(yu)泄(xie)洪(hong)(hong)閘(zha)右(you)(you)側(ce)(ce),灌(guan)溉(gai)引(yin)(yin)水閘(zha)位于(yu)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)下游(you)左(zuo)側(ce)(ce)岸(an)邊。
左右(you)岸(an)(an)灘地和河(he)槽(cao)段為(wei)(wei)土(tu)工膜斜(xie)墻砂(sha)礫石壩(ba)(ba)(ba),最(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)20.2m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂寬(kuan)8.0m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高(gao)程(cheng)138.2m,上游邊坡1:2.75,下游邊坡1:2.25。其中左岸(an)(an)(含河(he)槽(cao)段)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長1725.5m,右(you)岸(an)(an)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長883.5m,砂(sha)礫石壩(ba)(ba)(ba)總長2609m。水電(dian)站為(wei)(wei)河(he)床式(shi)廠房,最(zui)大(da)(da)高(gao)度為(wei)(wei)51.5m,設有(you)4臺單(dan)機(ji)容量為(wei)(wei)35 MW的軸流轉漿式(shi)水輪發電(dian)機(ji)組,總裝(zhuang)機(ji)容量140MW,多年平均發電(dian)量5.83億kw.h。壩(ba)(ba)(ba)基防滲采用混凝土(tu)防滲墻。工程(cheng)規模為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)(2)型。
西霞(xia)(xia)院反調節水庫(ku)總庫(ku)容(rong)1.62億(yi)m3,正(zheng)常蓄水位134m,汛期限制水位131m。西霞(xia)(xia)院工程主要工程量為:土石方(fang)開挖730萬(wan)(wan)m3,混凝土防滲墻9.8萬(wan)(wan)m2,混凝土85.3萬(wan)(wan)m3,大壩土石方(fang)填筑283.22萬(wan)(wan)m3,金屬結構8720t,鋼材4.6萬(wan)(wan)t。
投資與工期
工(gong)程(cheng)概算總投資(zi)21.97億(yi)元,其中由(you)小浪底建管局籌資(zi)5億(yi)元,其余部(bu)分由(you)國家投資(zi)。前期準備工(gong)程(cheng)從2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)元月開(kai)(kai)工(gong),工(gong)期1年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian);主體(ti)工(gong)程(cheng)于2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)元月開(kai)(kai)工(gong),工(gong)期4.5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian);2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月18日(ri)(ri),首臺機組(zu)并網發電(dian);2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月27日(ri)(ri),工(gong)程(cheng)6個專項(xiang)的(de)第一項(xiang)——消防系統通(tong)過驗收(shou);2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月15日(ri)(ri),水(shui)土保持設(she)施通(tong)過驗收(shou)。2011年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月2日(ri)(ri),順利通(tong)過水(shui)利部(bu)組(zu)織的(de)竣工(gong)驗收(shou)。
工程移民
西霞院工程淹沒(mei)及影響人6181人,淹沒(mei)土(tu)地(di)30156.8畝,施工占壓(ya)土(tu)地(di)8025.65畝。
工程特點
1、反調節(jie)(jie)運用(yong)(yong)。西霞(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)通過對小(xiao)(xiao)浪底水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站調峰(feng)發(fa)電的(de)(de)(de)不穩(wen)定流進(jin)行再(zai)調節(jie)(jie),使(shi)下(xia)(xia)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)流均勻穩(wen)定,減少(shao)下(xia)(xia)游河(he)床的(de)(de)(de)擺動,減輕對下(xia)(xia)游堤(di)防等防護工程的(de)(de)(de)沖刷(shua)。當(dang)小(xiao)(xiao)浪底發(fa)電流量較大時,西霞(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)按反調節(jie)(jie)流量要求發(fa)電,多余(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量存于庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong),或根據需要調峰(feng)發(fa)電;當(dang)小(xiao)(xiao)浪底水(shui)(shui)(shui)電站停機時,利用(yong)(yong)庫(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)存水(shui)(shui)(shui)按反調節(jie)(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量下(xia)(xia)泄,滿足黃河(he)下(xia)(xia)游河(he)段的(de)(de)(de)工農(nong)業用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)要求。
2、壩體(ti)采用復(fu)合土(tu)工(gong)膜防滲(shen)。以復(fu)合土(tu)工(gong)膜代替粘土(tu)心墻防滲(shen),減少粘土(tu)料(liao)場,少占耕地,節約投(tou)資。
3、地基處(chu)理(li)難(nan)度大(da)。由(you)于西霞院(yuan)水庫大(da)壩(ba)坐(zuo)(zuo)落在(zai)黃(huang)河(he)多年淤積(ji)的(de)砂礫(li)石層上,壩(ba)基處(chu)理(li)難(nan)度很大(da)。西霞院(yuan)水庫的(de)發電和(he)(he)泄(xie)洪壩(ba)段為混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土壩(ba),坐(zuo)(zuo)落在(zai)黃(huang)河(he)多年沉積(ji)的(de)軟巖(yan)上。如何處(chu)理(li)好51.5m高的(de)混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)(ning)土壩(ba)基礎(chu),這是擺在(zai)設計人員、施工人員和(he)(he)建(jian)設管理(li)者面前的(de)嚴峻課題。
西(xi)霞(xia)(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)建(jian)成后,將(jiang)大大改善黃河(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)條件(jian),減少黃河(he)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)斷流的發(fa)生(sheng),可以在下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)發(fa)展灌(guan)溉面積113.8萬(wan)畝,每(mei)年(nian)還(huan)可以向(xiang)附近城鎮供水(shui)(shui)(shui)10019萬(wan)立(li)方米(mi)。另(ling)外,西(xi)霞(xia)(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)平(ping)均年(nian)發(fa)電量5.83億(yi)度。 據了解,西(xi)霞(xia)(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)深度為51.5米(mi),每(mei)年(nian)進(jin)行調(diao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)調(diao)沙時,排(pai)泄(xie)孔(kong)敞開下(xia)(xia)(xia)泄(xie),泥沙不會淤積,也不會妨礙(ai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)游(you)(you)打撈“流魚”。另(ling)外,2008年(nian)北(bei)京奧運(yun)會期間,西(xi)霞(xia)(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)還(huan)將(jiang)作為南水(shui)(shui)(shui)北(bei)調(diao)中線工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)備用水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)。很多大型水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)都有反調(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),比(bi)如三峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)配套的反調(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是葛洲壩(ba)。不過三峽(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是先(xian)建(jian)反調(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)葛洲壩(ba),而小浪底工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是后建(jian)反調(diao)節(jie)(jie)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)霞(xia)(xia)院水(shui)(shui)(shui)。