芒果视频下载

簡介

羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)壩址(zhi)以上(shang)控制(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)域面積1100km，屬黃土丘陵溝壑區。多(duo)年(nian)平均年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)8515萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(1952—1986年(nian))，最(zui)大21338萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，最(zui)小3849萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。實測最(zui)大洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)為(wei)825立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)(1954年(nian)8月)，由公元836年(nian)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(麟游(you)調(diao)查)推(tui)算壩址(zhi)歷史洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)4200立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)． 由于(yu)灌區農業生產受于(yu)旱(han)威(wei)脅最(zui)為(wei)嚴重，地多(duo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)少，供需矛盾(dun)突出，故羊毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)規(gui)劃系多(duo)年(nian)調(diao)節(jie)，確定死(si)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)620m(導渭高(gao)程(cheng)，下同(tong)，比(bi)黃海(hai)高(gao)程(cheng)低13．998m)，正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)635．9m，相(xiang)應死(si)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)為(wei)1500萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，有效庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)為(wei)5220萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。除險加固設計按2000年(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核(he)滯洪(hong)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)5280萬立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)計，總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)1．2億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi) (原為(wei)500年(nian)一遇(yu)洪(hong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)校核(he)，總庫(ku)(ku)(ku)容(rong)1．07億立(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi))。正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)時，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)回(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)長度7．3km，淹沒面積443萬平方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)，屬大(2)型工(gong)程(cheng)。

水庫(ku)位(wei)于渭北蒲鳳(feng)大斷裂帶(dai)以北10km，壩(ba)址地段基底巖層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)寒武(wu)——奧陶(tao)系灰(hui)巖，上復第(di)三系紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)礫(li)石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，兩(liang)者為(wei)不整(zheng)合接觸，頂部為(wei)第(di)四系砂(sha)卵石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)、黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)狀(zhuang)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、古土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)夾層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)所復蓋(gai)，灰(hui)巖中溶洞及裂隙發育。第(di)三系紅(hong)土(tu)(tu)礫(li)石層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，巖性致密堅硬(ying)，滲透系數0.22m/d，但(dan)由(you)于河水浸蝕(shi)，其在(zai)庫(ku)壩(ba)區的分布殘缺不全，缺失部位(wei)均為(wei)水庫(ku)漏水通道。

羊毛灣水(shui)庫位于(yu)干縣(xian)石牛鄉(xiang)羊毛灣村北(bei)的渭(wei)河(he)支流漆(qi)水(shui)河(he)上。壩址以上控制流域(yu)面積1100平方公里，多(duo)年平均(jun)徑流量0.85億立(li)方米。水(shui)庫按多(duo)年調節設計，以灌溉為主，兼(jian)及防洪、養殖(zhi)等。

水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫于(yu)1958年動工建(jian)(jian)設(she)，歷(li)經(jing)12年，于(yu)1970年建(jian)(jian)成，先后于(yu)1986年、2000年兩次對羊毛(mao)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫進行除險加(jia)固。為補充水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)，于(yu)1995年建(jian)(jian)成“引馮濟羊”輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)工程，每年可由馮家山水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫向羊毛(mao)灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)3000萬(wan)立方米，有效(xiao)解(jie)決(jue)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)不(bu)足(zu)問題。

建設經過

1953年，省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)局查勘(kan)隊(dui)提(ti)出程(cheng)(cheng)家河、羊(yang)毛灣(wan)、紫(zi)石崖和鎮頭可建(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)的漆水(shui)(shui)(shui)河總體開發(fa)方案。1958年9月(yue)，省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)勘(kan)測設(she)計院提(ti)出，《漆水(shui)(shui)(shui)河流域蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)規(gui)劃設(she)計》，11月(yue)，省地(di)質(zhi)局水(shui)(shui)(shui)文地(di)質(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)大(da)隊(dui)完成《水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)壩(ba)址及庫(ku)區(qu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)地(di)質(zhi)勘(kan)察報(bao)告》。9月(yue)29日，省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)廳(ting)長管建(jian)勛(xun)在干縣(xian)召(zhao)開干縣(xian)、永(yong)壽(shou)、扶風(feng)、麟游、武(wu)功5縣(xian)縣(xian)長會議，經過座(zuo)談討論(lun)，決定先修(xiu)羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，成立了由干縣(xian)副縣(xian)長張(zhang)振華任(ren)主(zhu)任(ren)，農工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部長屈軍、省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)董(dong)玉璋任(ren)副主(zhu)任(ren)的羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)委員(yuan)會（1959年改為羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)局），省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)(li)廳(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)師(shi)董(dong)玉璋、技(ji)術員(yuan)孫敖大(da)、張(zhang)天祥等(deng)常駐工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)地(di)負責工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)設(she)計及施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

1960年3月(yue)，在(zai)省(sheng)水(shui)利廳勘測設計院、水(shui)科所、西北農學院、陜西工(gong)業大學和省(sheng)水(shui)校派出的(de)(de)工(gong)作組、實習學生的(de)(de)配合下(xia)，完(wan)成(cheng)了《羊(yang)毛灣水(shui)庫灌溉工(gong)程初步設計》，1961年冬，基本完(wan)成(cheng)了道路、施工(gong)導流、大壩基礎、截流槽開(kai)挖、輸水(shui)洞、泄水(shui)底洞的(de)(de)開(kai)挖和部分襯砌。1962年春，工(gong)程在(zai)壓縮基建(jian)(jian)戰線中停建(jian)(jian)。

1965年，陜西省長李啟明和省水利廳副廳長于澄世到羊毛灣工地視察，研究討論了工程復工有關準備工作，并納入省基建項目，1966年10月恢復建設。施工期間，先后負責施工的領導有崔發源、陳尚志、劉文(wen)儒、康見聞、杜文(wen)秀、張俊中等。全(quan)縣(xian)除(chu)集中3萬多勞力，省水(shui)電工程局機械施工隊承擔大(da)壩建設(she)任務，1968年(nian)12月大(da)專(zhuan)院校300余名待分配學生參(can)加(jia)工程建設(she)2年(nian)。1970年(nian)元月，縣(xian)革委(wei)會主任吳維(wei)錄帶領全(quan)縣(xian)3200多名干部、教師，背著行裝赴工地，突(tu)擊大(da)壩最(zui)后(hou)6米的填筑工程。至(zhi)1970年(nian)3月完成了包括(kuo)大(da)壩、輸水(shui)洞、溢洪道和(he)泄水(shui)底洞的全(quan)部樞紐工程施工任務。

除險加固

羊毛灣庫壩(ba)地(di)段(duan)基底(di)巖(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)為寒(han)武——奧陶系灰(hui)巖(yan)，上復第三系紅土礫石層(ceng)(ceng)、第四(si)系砂卵(luan)石層(ceng)(ceng)、黃土狀壤土、黃土層(ceng)(ceng)等，灰(hui)巖(yan)裂(lie)隙、溶洞發育，在庫區(qu)內諸多紅土缺失(shi)區(qu)形成漏水(shui)(shui)通道(dao)。故在水(shui)(shui)庫蓄水(shui)(shui)初期平均(jun)年(nian)漏水(shui)(shui)量(liang)高達0.4億立方米，為年(nian)徑(jing)流量(liang)的一半。工程標準偏低，質量(liang)不高，隱患(huan)層(ceng)(ceng)出不窮，主要建筑物沉降、裂(lie)縫、變形、滲漏等現象普遍而嚴重。底(di)洞水(shui)(shui)流紊亂，振動聲遠(yuan)聞10里(li)開外(wai)；溢(yi)(yi)洪道(dao)底(di)板破碎，鼻坎基礎(chu)外(wai)露(lu)，達不到(dao)溢(yi)(yi)洪要求。供電系統也與管(guan)理要求不相適應。1986年(nian)5月被(bei)列為全國重點病(bing)險庫。

從(cong)1986年(nian)(nian)起，陜西(xi)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)廳組(zu)(zu)織設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管理部門(men)多(duo)次(ci)(ci)對(dui)出現病害原(yuan)因進行(xing)深入(ru)研究，并(bing)委托(tuo)南京水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)科院(yuan)、省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)科所等(deng)單位對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)地質(zhi)、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、原(yuan)型觀(guan)測等(deng)資料進行(xing)整編，對(dui)病害部位進行(xing)探查(cha)和水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)模型試驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，委托(tuo)省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘測設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)院(yuan)作除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)，1986年(nian)(nian)6月對(dui)初步設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)進行(xing)審查(cha)后，確定了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)固(gu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)內容(rong)。1987年(nian)(nian)3月，干縣(xian)(xian)人民政府成(cheng)立了(le)(le)(le)以主管副縣(xian)(xian)長(chang)李成(cheng)虎任(ren)組(zu)(zu)長(chang)、縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保局(ju)副局(ju)長(chang)宋(song)希(xi)科任(ren)副組(zu)(zu)長(chang)的(de)(de)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)領導小組(zu)(zu)，開(kai)(kai)始(shi)進行(xing)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)的(de)(de)準備工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。1988年(nian)(nian)3月25日～30日，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)廳和省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)學(xue)會邀請全(quan)國有關科研、設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、管理和高等(deng)院(yuan)校的(de)(de)92名專家(jia)、學(xue)者，在西(xi)安召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)(le)羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)大壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)安全(quan)論(lun)證(zheng)會，認(ren)為大壩穩(wen)定有足夠的(de)(de)安全(quan)系數，但變形(xing)還未穩(wen)定，有可(ke)能(neng)再次(ci)(ci)出現裂縫、塌坑等(deng)問(wen)題。除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)從(cong)1985年(nian)(nian)9月開(kai)(kai)始(shi)，先后由省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)局(ju)二、三工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)處、省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)勘測設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)院(yuan)地質(zhi)總隊、干縣(xian)(xian)電(dian)力局(ju)勞動服務公(gong)(gong)司(si)、上海海洋水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)公(gong)(gong)司(si)等(deng)，完(wan)成(cheng)了(le)(le)(le)輸水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)洞(dong)和泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)底洞(dong)改建安裝、溢洪道改建加(jia)固(gu)、大壩原(yuan)形(xing)觀(guan)測設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)布設(she)(she)(she)、10千(qian)伏(fu)輸電(dian)線路架設(she)(she)(she)和漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)部位水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)下(xia)(xia)封堵(du)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)，1989年(nian)(nian)11月全(quan)部竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，達到除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求。1990年(nian)(nian)11月6日～8日，省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)土保持(chi)廳組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)以副廳長(chang)焦居仁為主任(ren)委員(yuan)的(de)(de)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)委員(yuan)會，在咸陽市召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)了(le)(le)(le)羊(yang)毛灣(wan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)除(chu)險(xian)加(jia)固(gu)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)會，認(ren)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)合理，施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)符合要求，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量優(you)良，初期運行(xing)安全(quan)可(ke)靠，同(tong)意(yi)竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)收(shou)，并(bing)上報水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)部摘掉病險(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)帽子。

羊毛灣水庫工程(cheng)累計(ji)投(tou)資(zi)1916萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元，其中開工投(tou)資(zi)143.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元，第二次建設(she)投(tou)資(zi)1025萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元（國家投(tou)資(zi)652.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元，集體(ti)自籌372.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元），除險加固投(tou)資(zi)747.63萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)元，群(qun)眾投(tou)工1390萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)工日。設(she)施灌溉面積32.53萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝，有效灌溉面積24萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)畝。水庫養魚年(nian)產量已突破1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)公(gong)斤。

灌溉范圍

羊(yang)毛(mao)灣水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)灌(guan)區管轄羊(yang)毛(mao)灣、老鴉咀、南(nan)(nan)溝及東、西芋村(cun)大、中、小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)共五座，其中老鴉咀水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)為(wei)中（二）型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)，南(nan)(nan)溝、東、西芋村(cun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)為(wei)小型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)。灌(guan)區主要(yao)灌(guan)溉干(gan)縣、武功(gong)、永壽3縣14個(ge)鄉(xiang)鎮151個(ge)村(cun)，設施灌(guan)溉面積32.54萬畝，有(you)效(xiao)灌(guan)溉面積24萬畝。灌(guan)區有(you)總干(gan)渠一(yi)條(tiao)長(chang)39.7公(gong)里；南(nan)(nan)、北干(gan)渠兩條(tiao)，全長(chang)13.1公(gong)里；支渠20條(tiao)，全長(chang)106.6公(gong)里；斗(dou)渠366條(tiao)，總長(chang)336公(gong)里。

灌區建設

羊毛灣水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)自(zi)建成運(yun)行(xing)(xing)以來(lai)來(lai)，灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)先后(hou)完成了(le)引馮(feng)濟(ji)羊輸水(shui)工程、病險(xian)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)除(chu)險(xian)加固(gu)工程、國家大(da)型商品(pin)糧基(ji)地項目(mu)，實(shi)施了(le)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)更(geng)新改造世行(xing)(xing)貸款項目(mu)、節水(shui)續(xu)建配套項目(mu)、病險(xian)水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)除(chu)險(xian)加固(gu)項目(mu)、庫(ku)(ku)區(qu)(qu)水(shui)保生態治理項目(mu)等，先后(hou)爭取計劃投(tou)資(zi)2億多元(yuan)，使水(shui)庫(ku)(ku)樞紐和(he)(he)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)發(fa)生了(le)顯著變化，同時(shi)促進了(le)灌(guan)區(qu)(qu)工、商、林、牧、漁(yu)的(de)(de)全面(mian)發(fa)展，取得了(le)良好的(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)社會效益(yi)(yi)。