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簡介

碗(wan)米(mi)坡水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站位于湖南省保(bao)靖(jing)縣境(jing)內的(de)酉水(shui)(shui)(shui)中游，下(xia)游距保(bao)靖(jing)縣城20km，是酉水(shui)(shui)(shui)梯級開發的(de)第四個水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)站，尾(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)與鳳灘水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)的(de)回水(shui)(shui)(shui)相接。壩址(zhi)以上控制流域(yu)面積10415平方(fang)公里(li)，占酉水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域(yu)面積的(de)56.2%，多年(nian)平均徑流量94.3億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)，水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)總庫(ku)(ku)容3.78億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)，調節(jie)庫(ku)(ku)容1.25億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)，具有不完(wan)全季調節(jie)性能。工程以發電(dian)為主(zhu)，兼有航(hang)運、養(yang)殖等綜合效益(yi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)正常蓄水(shui)(shui)(shui)位248.00m，電(dian)站裝機容量240MW（3×80MW），保(bao)證出(chu)力18.6MW，多年(nian)平均發電(dian)量7.92億(yi)千瓦時，年(nian)利(li)用小(xiao)時3300h。

資料

壩(ba)址屬于亞(ya)熱(re)帶季風氣候區，多(duo)年平均氣溫(wen)16.1℃，極端(duan)最(zui)高氣溫(wen)39.3℃，極端(duan)最(zui)低氣溫(wen)-12.1℃。

壩址控制流(liu)域面(mian)積1.0415萬平方公里，占全流(liu)域面(mian)積的(de)56.2%。

壩址年平均流量(liang)299立方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)，多(duo)年平均徑流量(liang)94.3億立方米(mi)(mi)。工程開發任務(wu)以發電為主，兼有通(tong)航要求。

水庫(ku)正(zheng)常蓄水位248m，相應庫(ku)容2.53億立方米(mi)(mi)；校核洪水位254.1m，總庫(ku)容3.78億立方米(mi)(mi)；死水位238m，有效庫(ku)容1.25億立方米(mi)(mi)，庫(ku)容系數0.013，具有不完全季(ji)調(diao)節性能。

電站裝機總容量24萬(wan)kW，共(gong)安(an)裝3臺水輪發(fa)電機組，單機容量8萬(wan)kW，保(bao)證出(chu)力1.86萬(wan)kW，年(nian)發(fa)電量7.92億kW·h。電站以2回220kV電壓經(jing)花垣至(zhi)吉首(shou)接入電網，輸電距離80km，在豐水期主要承擔基荷，在枯水期參(can)與系統調峰。設計(ji)(ji)年(nian)過(guo)壩貨運量14萬(wan)t，設計(ji)(ji)船(chuan)型為50噸鋼(gang)質船(chuan)；木材過(guo)壩量3萬(wan)立方(fang)米。

樞紐主要建(jian)筑物(wu)包括RCC重力壩(ba)、消力池(chi)、壩(ba)后(hou)地面廠(chang)房和升(sheng)船機等建(jian)筑物(wu)。

RCC重力(li)壩的最(zui)大壩高64.5m，壩頂(ding)長度237m。

水(shui)(shui)庫設(she)計洪水(shui)(shui)位(wei)249.96m，相應(ying)最大(da)下(xia)泄流(liu)量1.5322萬立方米/秒(miao)；校(xiao)核洪水(shui)(shui)位(wei)254.41m，相應(ying)最大(da)下(xia)泄流(liu)量2.0451萬立方米/秒(miao)。

采用(yong)右岸(an)(an)壩后式(shi)廠(chang)房(fang)樞紐布置(zhi)方案，即(ji)泄水消能建(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)布置(zhi)于(yu)偏左岸(an)(an)的主(zhu)河床，電站廠(chang)房(fang)布置(zhi)于(yu)右岸(an)(an)壩后，垂直一斜面升船機(ji)布置(zhi)于(yu)左岸(an)(an)岸(an)(an)坡。

結構

樞紐由攔河壩、泄洪(hong)消(xiao)能及引水(shui)發電等建筑物組(zu)成。

攔河壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)碾壓混凝土重(zhong)力(li)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸(zhou)線(xian)方(fang)位N28°38′30″E，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程254.50m，最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高66.50m，壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂長(chang)(chang)度238.00m，共分(fen)為(wei)10個壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)，從左至右(you)(you)依次為(wei)左岸擋(dang)(dang)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)、溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)、引(yin)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)和右(you)(you)岸擋(dang)(dang)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)。溢流壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)布置(zhi)5孔(kong)溢洪道，孔(kong)口(kou)尺寸16m×19m（寬(kuan)×高），閘墩(dun)寬(kuan)4m，堰頂高程229.00m。采用寬(kuan)尾墩(dun)加(jia)底流消(xiao)能，消(xiao)力(li)池長(chang)(chang)97.876m，尾坎為(wei)差動(dong)式(shi)，兩側分(fen)別設左、右(you)(you)導墻。引(yin)水(shui)(shui)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)布置(zhi)3孔(kong)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)式(shi)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)口(kou)，底板(ban)高程222.00m，漸變段(duan)后接3條內徑7m的壓力(li)鋼管，為(wei)半埋(mai)藏式(shi)的壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)后背(bei)管。

發(fa)電廠(chang)房為(wei)(wei)壩后式，布(bu)置在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)河槽右(you)(you)側。主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)房尺寸為(wei)(wei)111.40m×25.10m×47.80m（長×寬(kuan)×高），內裝(zhuang)3臺機組(zu)，安(an)裝(zhuang)場(chang)位于主(zhu)(zhu)廠(chang)房右(you)(you)端(duan)。上游副廠(chang)房布(bu)置有主(zhu)(zhu)變壓(ya)器(qi)室(shi)、管道母線(xian)與電纜室(shi)、220kVGIS開關室(shi)。中控樓布(bu)置在(zai)安(an)裝(zhuang)場(chang)的(de)上游。

建設

本工程勘測設計(ji)(ji)(ji)工作(zuo)始于(yu)1954年(nian)(nian)，1955年(nian)(nian)提出(chu)了酉(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing)性(xing)梯(ti)(ti)級開(kai)(kai)發(fa)方案，將碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)列為第一期開(kai)(kai)發(fa)工程。1997年(nian)(nian)7月(yue)正式(shi)提出(chu)《碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing)性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)告(gao)》，1998年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)中旬(xun)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力工業(ye)部(bu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)利(li)規劃設計(ji)(ji)(ji)管理局(ju)會同(tong)湖(hu)南省計(ji)(ji)(ji)委、建(jian)委在吉首主(zhu)持召開(kai)(kai)了碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing)性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)告(gao)審(shen)查會議，正式(shi)批(pi)復《碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing)性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)告(gao)》，同(tong)意電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)裝(zhuang)機規模(mo)（240MW）、樞(shu)紐(niu)布(bu)置(zhi)及施工導流方案。1997年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)，國(guo)家計(ji)(ji)(ji)委以(yi)“計(ji)(ji)(ji)交能[1997]2629號”文批(pi)復《沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流域(yu)梯(ti)(ti)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)項(xiang)(xiang)目建(jian)議書》，批(pi)準洪江(jiang)、碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)梯(ti)(ti)級滾動開(kai)(kai)發(fa)一期項(xiang)(xiang)目。1999年(nian)(nian)8月(yue)國(guo)家計(ji)(ji)(ji)委以(yi)“計(ji)(ji)(ji)基礎(chu)[1999]1010號”文批(pi)復利(li)用(yong)日元貸(dai)款建(jian)設湖(hu)南沅(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)一期項(xiang)(xiang)目洪江(jiang)、碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)行(xing)(xing)性(xing)研(yan)究報(bao)告(gao)，同(tong)意利(li)用(yong)日元貸(dai)款采購碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、金結設備(bei)，2000年(nian)(nian)6月(yue)24日國(guo)家計(ji)(ji)(ji)委以(yi)“計(ji)(ji)(ji)投資[2000]798號”文正式(shi)批(pi)復碗(wan)米(mi)坡(po)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)開(kai)(kai)工建(jian)設。

碗米坡水電站主體(ti)工程于(yu)2001年5月(yue)(yue)(yue)開工；2001年11月(yue)(yue)(yue)16日(ri)大江截流；2002年1月(yue)(yue)(yue)8日(ri)開始(shi)澆(jiao)筑大壩(ba)混凝土；2003年4月(yue)(yue)(yue)17日(ri)，主體(ti)工程210m高程以下通過(guo)(guo)中(zhong)國電力投資公(gong)司專家組驗收(shou)(shou)（基坑過(guo)(guo)水前驗收(shou)(shou)）。計(ji)劃于(yu)2003年11月(yue)(yue)(yue)下閘(zha)蓄水。

湖南(nan)五凌水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開發(fa)有限責任公(gong)司(si)為電(dian)(dian)站的(de)業主(zhu)(zhu)單位(wei)，碗米(mi)坡水(shui)電(dian)(dian)廠籌建處(chu)為現場業主(zhu)(zhu)代表(biao)；國家電(dian)(dian)力公(gong)司(si)中南(nan)勘(kan)測(ce)設(she)計研(yan)究(jiu)院為設(she)計單位(wei)，湖南(nan)友源工(gong)(gong)程監(jian)理(li)(li)咨詢有限公(gong)司(si)為監(jian)理(li)(li)單位(wei)；土建Ⅰ標(biao)(biao)(biao)（基(ji)礎開挖與導流工(gong)(gong)程）施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)為中鐵第十八(ba)局第四工(gong)(gong)程處(chu)，土建Ⅱ標(biao)(biao)(biao)（大壩、廠房(fang)混凝土澆筑）、金結安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)與機電(dian)(dian)設(she)備安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)均為中國水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)第七(qi)工(gong)(gong)程局，人工(gong)(gong)砂(sha)石料系統施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)為遼寧省水(shui)利(li)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程局。