在(zai)江西(xi)省銅鼓縣城東(dong),武寧鄉水支 流山口水上游的大塅鄉太平(ping)村。1961年(nian)(nian)冬開工,中途停建(jian)。1987年(nian)(nian)9月復(fu)工,1990年(nian)(nian)底建(jian)成(cheng)。壩址以上集(ji)水面 積610.45平(ping)方公里(li),總庫容1. 15億(yi)立方米(mi)。興(xing)利庫容 0.77億(yi)立方米(mi)。攔河壩為(wei)(wei)漿砌(qi)塊石重力壩,壩頂(ding)高(gao)程 215.2米(mi),最大壩高(gao)43.4米(mi),壩頂(ding)長357米(mi),頂(ding)寬(kuan)8米(mi)。 副(fu)壩高(gao)15.6米(mi),頂(ding)寬(kuan)4米(mi),長46米(mi)。建(jian)有(you)水電(dian)(dian)站裝(zhuang)機4 臺共1.28萬千(qian)瓦(wa)。以發(fa)電(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)主,兼有(you)防洪、養殖、灌溉(gai)等綜合效益。
大(da)(da)塅水(shui)庫位(wei)于中(zhong)國(guo)江西省宜春市銅鼓縣大(da)(da)塅鎮,是一座以防洪、發電、灌(guan)溉(gai)、養殖為主要功能的大(da)(da)(二)型水(shui)庫。水(shui)庫邊有(you)巨巖名為天柱峰(feng),屬丹霞(xia)地貌,以其(qi)為中(zhong)心在庫區(qu)建(jian)立天柱峰(feng)國(guo)家森林(lin)公園(yuan),水(shui)庫作為其(qi)中(zhong)之九(jiu)龍湖景區(qu)。
引水系統
引水系統由進水口、隧洞(dong)、調壓井、高壓管(guan)(guan)道組成(cheng)。進水口位于壩頭(tou)左岸,為直(zhi)(zhi)立(li)塔式,設(she)有攔(lan)污柵,檢修閘門(men),工作鋼閘門(men)。隧洞(dong)位于進水口后,長435.72米,內徑(jing)4.4米,鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)襯砌。隧洞(dong)末端設(she)圓筒阻抗式調壓井,井徑(jing)16米,高43.5米,鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)結構。壓力管(guan)(guan)長142.52米,主管(guan)(guan)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)3.8米,分4條(tiao)叉管(guan)(guan)進入廠房,叉管(guan)(guan)直(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)由2.1米變(bian)為1.75米。
施工進度
大塅水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)1969年冬開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),打通一條(tiao)275米(mi)(mi)長(chang)隧洞(dong),因地質(zhi)情況(kuang)不(bu)明,資(zi)金不(bu)足停建。1974年進(jin)行地質(zhi)勘探和編(bian)報初步設(she)計(ji)。為了(le)(le)進(jin)一步對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程技(ji)術經濟進(jin)行論證,1984年秋委(wei)托省(sheng)水(shui)(shui)利規劃(hua)設(she)計(ji)院進(jin)行勘測(ce)設(she)計(ji),1985年編(bian)制設(she)計(ji)任務書,1986年6月編(bian)制補(bu)充初步設(she)計(ji)。1987年春,經省(sheng)計(ji)委(wei)批準,縣委(wei)、縣政府決定續建,9月20日正式開(kai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),由(you)水(shui)(shui)利電(dian)(dian)力部長(chang)江(jiang)葛(ge)洲壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程局承包施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。1990年底工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程基本建成,第1臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)投(tou)(tou)(tou)產發電(dian)(dian)。整(zheng)個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程完成明挖(wa)土(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)8.85萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),填土(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)1.98萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),明挖(wa)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)21.47萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),洞(dong)挖(wa)石(shi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)1.49萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),漿砌(qi)塊石(shi)13.3萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),干砌(qi)砌(qi)塊石(shi)0.51萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)和鋼(gang)筋混凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)8.04萬(wan)(wan)(wan)立方(fang)(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),安(an)裝金屬327噸,帷幕灌(guan)漿4120米(mi)(mi),固(gu)結(jie)灌(guan)漿14729米(mi)(mi)。共(gong)用勞動工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)日107.66萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個,總投(tou)(tou)(tou)資(zi)6200萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)淹(yan)田3878畝,移民2475人(ren)。由(you)于施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量差,主壩及(ji)引(yin)水(shui)(shui)隧洞(dong)等重要部位采用灌(guan)漿加固(gu),主壩面板(ban)選用氯碇沙漿噴涂防滲,分塊縫采用粘貼(tie)橡皮止水(shui)(shui)。加固(gu)措施(shi)及(ji)尾(wei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)尚(shang)在繼續進(jin)行中。按(an)照施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)進(jin)度(du),余3臺(tai)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)可在1991年第一季度(du)全部投(tou)(tou)(tou)產發電(dian)(dian)。1990年成立了(le)(le)大擐(huan)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)管理局(屬二級(ji)局),李(li)紹成為局長(chang),下設(she)發電(dian)(dian)、養殖廠,有職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)180人(ren)。
工程概況
水庫工程主(zhu)要(yao)由主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、放空底孔、引水隧洞等建(jian)筑物(wu)組(zu)成。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)漿砌石重力壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程215.2m,頂寬(kuan)8.0m,最大壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高43.4m,壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)軸線成折線型,長357m,共14個(ge)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan),從左(zuo)至右分別為(wei)左(zuo)岸擋(dang)(dang)水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)、溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)、右岸擋(dang)(dang)水壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)及右岸接頭刺墻(qiang)。其中3號、4號、5號壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan)為(wei)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)段(duan)(duan),寬(kuan)81m,共設5個(ge)溢(yi)(yi)流(liu)表孔,單孔凈寬(kuan)12m,由露頂式(shi)弧(hu)形鋼閘門控制(zhi)。
水庫漿砌石(shi)重力壩運(yun)行20年(nian)存在(zai)主(zhu)要問題
1) 壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)防滲(shen)存(cun)(cun)在安全(quan)隱患,廊道滲(shen)水嚴(yan)重。壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)游混(hun)凝土防滲(shen)面(mian)板(ban)存(cun)(cun)在裂縫、露筋(jin)、蜂窩、孔(kong)(kong)洞(dong),且混(hun)凝土碳(tan)化嚴(yan)重,部(bu)分(fen)鈣(gai)質析出。2)壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)防滲(shen)不(bu)滿(man)足(zu)規范(fan)(fan)要(yao)求(qiu)。壩(ba)(ba)基(ji)防滲(shen)帷幕(mu)產生了較(jiao)嚴(yan)重溶出型腐蝕,帷幕(mu)透水率不(bu)滿(man)足(zu)規范(fan)(fan)要(yao)求(qiu)。3)壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)與上(shang)游混(hun)凝土防滲(shen)面(mian)板(ban)間開裂,壩(ba)(ba)體(ti)(ti)漿(jiang)砌石孔(kong)(kong)隙率較(jiao)大(da),局部(bu)存(cun)(cun)在空洞(dong),容(rong)重滿(man)足(zu)設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu),但孔(kong)(kong)隙率不(bu)滿(man)足(zu)原設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)。4)溢流壩(ba)(ba)段(duan)混(hun)凝土表面(mian)存(cun)(cun)在缺陷,消(xiao)能防沖存(cun)(cun)在安全(quan)隱患。