亞灌木(mu)狀草本(ben),高(gao)可(ke)達90厘米(mi)。莖(jing)鈍四稜形(xing),具(ju)(ju)淺槽,無毛(mao)。葉(xie)卵(luan)圓形(xing)或三角狀卵(luan)圓形(xing),長2.5-7厘米(mi),寬2-4.5厘米(mi),先端漸尖,基部截形(xing)或圓形(xing),稀鈍,邊緣具(ju)(ju)鋸齒(chi),上面(mian)(mian)(mian)綠(lv)色,下面(mian)(mian)(mian)較淡(dan),兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)無毛(mao),下面(mian)(mian)(mian)具(ju)(ju)腺點;莖(jing)生葉(xie)葉(xie)柄長3-4.5厘米(mi),無毛(mao)。
輪傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序2-6花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),組成頂(ding)生(sheng)總狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序長(chang)達20厘(li)米或以上(shang);苞片卵(luan)圓形,紅色,大(da),在花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開前包(bao)裹(guo)著花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾(lei),先(xian)端(duan)尾狀(zhuang)漸尖;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)4-7毫(hao)(hao)米,密被(bei)染紅的(de)具腺柔毛(mao)(mao),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序軸(zhou)被(bei)微柔毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)鐘(zhong)形,紅色,開花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時長(chang)約1.6厘(li)米,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后增大(da)達2厘(li)米,外(wai)面沿脈上(shang)被(bei)染紅的(de)具腺柔毛(mao)(mao),內面在上(shang)半部被(bei)微硬伏毛(mao)(mao),二唇(chun)形,唇(chun)裂(lie)達花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)(e)長(chang)1/3,上(shang)唇(chun)三角(jiao)狀(zhuang)卵(luan)圓形,長(chang)5-6毫(hao)(hao)米,寬10毫(hao)(hao)米,先(xian)端(duan)具小尖頭,下唇(chun)比上(shang)唇(chun)略長(chang),深2裂(lie),裂(lie)片三角(jiao)形,先(xian)端(duan)漸尖。
花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紅色,長4-4.2厘米(mi),外(wai)被微(wei)(wei)柔毛(mao),內面無(wu)毛(mao),冠(guan)筒(tong)筒(tong)狀,直伸(shen)(shen),在喉(hou)部略(lve)增大,冠(guan)檐二唇(chun)形(xing),上(shang)唇(chun)直伸(shen)(shen),略(lve)內彎,長圓形(xing),長8-9毫米(mi),寬約4毫米(mi),先(xian)端(duan)微(wei)(wei)缺,下唇(chun)比上(shang)唇(chun)短(duan),3裂(lie)(lie),中(zhong)(zhong)裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)半圓形(xing),側(ce)裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)長卵圓形(xing),比中(zhong)(zhong)裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)長。能育雄蕊(rui)2,近(jin)外(wai)伸(shen)(shen),花(hua)(hua)絲長約5毫米(mi),藥隔長約1.3厘米(mi),近(jin)伸(shen)(shen)直,上(shang)下臂(bei)近(jin)等(deng)長,上(shang)臂(bei)藥室發(fa)育,下臂(bei)藥室不育,下臂(bei)粗大,不聯(lian)合。退化雄蕊(rui)短(duan)小(xiao)。花(hua)(hua)柱與花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)近(jin)相等(deng),先(xian)端(duan)不相等(deng)2裂(lie)(lie),前(qian)裂(lie)(lie)片(pian)較(jiao)長。花(hua)(hua)盤等(deng)大。
小堅果橢圓形,長約(yue)3.5毫米,暗褐色,頂端具不規(gui)則極(ji)少數(shu)的(de)縐折突起,邊(bian)緣或稜(leng)具狹翅,光滑。 ?
原產于巴西,我(wo)國各地廣泛栽(zai)培。
喜陽(yang),也耐半陰(yin),一串紅要求疏松、肥沃和排水(shui)良好的砂(sha)質壤(rang)土。而對用甲基溴化物(wu)處理土壤(rang)和堿性土壤(rang)反應非(fei)常敏感,適宜于pH5.5—6.0的土壤(rang)中生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。耐寒性差,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)適溫20-25攝(she)(she)氏度(du)。15攝(she)(she)氏度(du)以下(xia)(xia)停(ting)止生(sheng)長(chang)(chang),10攝(she)(she)氏度(du)以下(xia)(xia)葉片(pian)枯黃脫落。
一(yi)串(chuan)紅采(cai)用播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)或桿插法繁殖,以播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)較多。華北(bei)地區播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)季節(jie)不限,其余地區以春(chun)季為宜。一(yi)串(chuan)紅花(hua)期較遲,春(chun)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)者9~10月(yue)(yue)(yue)開(kai)(kai)花(hua),如要使花(hua)期提(ti)前或采(cai)收種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),應在3月(yue)(yue)(yue)初將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)于溫(wen)室或溫(wen)床。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)床內施以少量基肥,將(jiang)床面(mian)平整并澆透水,水滲(shen)后(hou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong),覆一(yi)層(ceng)薄土,播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)8~10天種(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)萌發(fa)。生長(chang)約100天開(kai)(kai)花(hua),花(hua)期約兩個月(yue)(yue)(yue)。桿插多用嫩枝,以3~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)或9~10月(yue)(yue)(yue)較為適宜,結合摘頂(ding)芽進行。
溫室栽種(zhong)一串(chuan)紅(hong),如室內(nei)高(gao)溫、高(gao)濕或光照不(bu)足(zu),易發生(sheng)腐爛病,必須注(zhu)意調節溫度(du),使(shi)空氣(qi)流通。此外,一串(chuan)紅(hong)易發生(sheng)紅(hong)蜘蛛、蚜蟲等(deng)蟲害,可噴氧化(hua)樂果(guo)乳劑1500倍液防治。
一串紅常用紅花(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),秋高(gao)氣爽之際(ji),花(hua)朵繁密(mi),色彩艷麗。常用作花(hua)叢花(hua)壇的(de)主體材料。也可植(zhi)于(yu)帶狀花(hua)壇或(huo)自(zi)然式純植(zhi)于(yu)林(lin)緣.常與淺黃色美(mei)人蕉、矮萬(wan)壽菊、淺藍或(huo)水粉(fen)色水牡(mu)丹、翠菊、矮霍(huo)香(xiang)薊等配合布置。一串紅矮生品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)更(geng)宜用于(yu)花(hua)壇,白花(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)除與紅花(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)配合觀(guan)賞效果較好外。一般白花(hua)、紫花(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)觀(guan)賞價值不及紅花(hua)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
一串(chuan)紅(hong)的花語:一串(chuan)紅(hong)代(dai)表戀愛的心,一串(chuan)白代(dai)表精力充沛,一串(chuan)紫代(dai)表智慧。