灌木,高達4米(mi)。枝直(zhi)立(li),粗(cu)壯,灰褐色(se)(se)(se)(se),具皮孔(kong)(kong),小枝淡(dan)灰棕色(se)(se)(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)微柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),具皮孔(kong)(kong)。葉(xie)片(pian)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),橢圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、寬橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至倒卵狀(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)4-11(-15)厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬1.5-6(-11)厘(li)(li)米(mi),先端(duan)(duan)銳尖(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)短漸尖(jian),基部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)寬楔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)至近(jin)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)面深綠色(se)(se)(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),下面粉(fen)綠色(se)(se)(se)(se),貼(tie)生疏(shu)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)僅沿(yan)葉(xie)脈被(bei)須狀(zhuang)(zhuang)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),稀無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.8-2.5厘(li)(li)米(mi),無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)略被(bei)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)。圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)直(zhi)立(li),由頂芽(ya)抽生,長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)塔形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)5-13(-17)厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬3-10厘(li)(li);米(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)軸(zhou)與花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼無(wu)(wu)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao),或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)被(bei)微柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)、短柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)柔(rou)毛(mao)(mao)(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)軸(zhou)具皮孔(kong)(kong);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-1.5毫(hao)米(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芳香;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼長(chang)(chang)(chang)2-4毫(hao)米(mi),萼齒銳尖(jian)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)鈍(dun);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠淡(dan)紫紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)、粉(fen)紅色(se)(se)(se)(se)至白色(se)(se)(se)(se),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠管細弱,稀較(jiao)粗(cu)達3毫(hao)米(mi),近(jin)圓(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.7-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi),裂片(pian)成(cheng)熟時呈(cheng)直(zhi)角向外展開,卵形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3-5毫(hao)米(mi),先端(duan)(duan)內彎呈(cheng)兜狀(zhuang)(zhuang)而(er)具喙(hui),喙(hui)凸(tu)出(chu);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)藥黃色(se)(se)(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約3毫(hao)米(mi),位于花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠管喉部或(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)稍凸(tu)出(chu)。果長(chang)(chang)(chang)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-1.5厘(li)(li)米(mi),寬約6毫(hao)米(mi),先端(duan)(duan)凸(tu)尖(jian),皮孔(kong)(kong)不明顯(xian)。
產(chan)于河(he)北、山西。生山坡灌叢或溝(gou)邊、河(he)旁,海拔1 200-2 200米(mi)。
生山(shan)(shan)坡(po)叢林(lin)、山(shan)(shan)溝(gou)溪邊(bian)、山(shan)(shan)谷路旁(pang)(pang)、灘地水邊(bian),山(shan)(shan)谷灌叢中或(huo)河(he)邊(bian)溝(gou)旁(pang)(pang),海(hai)拔900-2100米。庭(ting)園普遍栽培。喜(xi)光,喜(xi)溫暖、濕(shi)潤及陽光充足。稍(shao)耐(nai)(nai)陰,陰處或(huo)半陰處生長(chang)衰弱,開花稀少。具有一定耐(nai)(nai)寒性和(he)較(jiao)強的(de)耐(nai)(nai)旱力。對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)要求不嚴,耐(nai)(nai)瘠(ji)薄,喜(xi)肥(fei)沃(wo)、排(pai)水良(liang)好的(de)土(tu)壤(rang),忌(ji)在(zai)低洼地種植(zhi)(zhi),積水會引起(qi)病害,直至全株死亡。落(luo)葉(xie)后萌(meng)動前裸(luo)根移植(zhi)(zhi),選土(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)沃(wo)、排(pai)水良(liang)好的(de)向陽處種植(zhi)(zhi)。
播種(zhong)(zhong)、扦插、嫁接(jie)、分株、壓條繁殖。播種(zhong)(zhong)苗不易保持原有(you)性(xing)狀,但常有(you)新的花色出(chu)現;種(zhong)(zhong)子須經層積(ji),翌(yi)春(chun)播種(zhong)(zhong)。夏(xia)季用嫩(nen)枝扦插,成活率很高(gao)。
紅丁香生長(chang)強健(jian)(jian),枝干茂密,頂生大(da)型圓(yuan)錐花(hua)序燦爛無比(bi),花(hua)色美(mei)麗芳香,抗病(bing)(bing)蟲害能(neng)力極強,對(dui)大(da)氣(qi)污染、粉塵及氟化(hua)氫、二氧化(hua)硫等(deng)有(you)毒氣(qi)體有(you)較強的(de)吸附能(neng)力。故可作為(wei)西北城市(shi)城鎮(zhen)行道樹(shu)、綠化(hua)、美(mei)化(hua)樹(shu)種,庭院(yuan)種植(zhi)(zhi)或叢植(zhi)(zhi)于(yu)草(cao)坪中(zhong)(zhong)效果(guo)更佳。丁香花(hua)中(zhong)(zhong)可提(ti)取丁香酚(fen),可消(xiao)炎治(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing),主治(zhi)(zhi)牙科疾病(bing)(bing),防腐止痛(tong)。且(qie)豐富的(de)丁香酚(fen)對(dui)人的(de)大(da)腦皮層中(zhong)(zhong)樞神經(jing)有(you)興奮作用,有(you)利于(yu)調節情緒,提(ti)神養(yang)性,促進健(jian)(jian)康(kang),為(wei)優良的(de)保健(jian)(jian)原材料。且(qie)丁香酚(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)所含的(de)化(hua)學物質(zhi),其殺菌能(neng)力比(bi)石灰酸(suan)高5倍以上,對(dui)肺炎雙球(qiu)菌、流感細菌等(deng)也有(you)一定(ding)的(de)抑制作用。同時,丁香的(de)根(gen)、莖人藥,在藏醫中(zhong)(zhong)稱之為(wei)“沉香”,可清(qing)心解熱,治(zhi)(zhi)療(liao)頭痛(tong)、健(jian)(jian)忘和失眠等(deng)癥,也可鎮(zhen)咳(ke)化(hua)痰,順氣(qi)平喘,主治(zhi)(zhi)慢(man)性支氣(qi)管炎。