本變型的花粉紫色,花瓣內面基(ji)部洋紅色,重瓣。
木槿(jin)(原變種(zhong)):落葉(xie)灌(guan)木,高(gao)3-4米(mi)(mi),小(xiao)枝密被(bei)(bei)黃色星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)。葉(xie)菱(ling)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至三角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3-10厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),寬2-4厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),具深淺不(bu)同的3裂(lie)或(huo)不(bu)裂(lie),先端鈍,基部楔(xie)形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具不(bu)整齊齒缺(que),下面沿葉(xie)脈微被(bei)(bei)毛(mao)(mao)或(huo)近(jin)無(wu)毛(mao)(mao);葉(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)5-25毫米(mi)(mi),上(shang)面被(bei)(bei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)柔毛(mao)(mao);托葉(xie)線形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約6毫米(mi)(mi),疏被(bei)(bei)柔毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)單(dan)生于枝端葉(xie)腋間,花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)4-14毫米(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)短絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao);小(xiao)苞片6-8,線形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)6-15毫米(mi)(mi),寬1-2毫米(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)疏絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)14-20毫米(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)短絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao),裂(lie)片5,三角形(xing)(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),淡紫色,直徑(jing)5-6厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣倒卵形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-4.5厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi),外面疏被(bei)(bei)纖毛(mao)(mao)和星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao);雄蕊柱長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)約3厘(li)(li)(li)米(mi)(mi);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱枝無(wu)毛(mao)(mao)。蒴果卵圓形(xing)(xing)(xing),直徑(jing)約12毫米(mi)(mi),密被(bei)(bei)黃色星(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao);種(zhong)子腎形(xing)(xing)(xing),背部被(bei)(bei)黃白(bai)色長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)柔毛(mao)(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期7-10月。
粉紫(zi)重瓣木槿適(shi)(shi)應性強,南北(bei)各地(di)都(dou)有(you)(you)栽培。喜陽(yang)光也能(neng)(neng)耐(nai)半(ban)陰。耐(nai)寒,在(zai)華北(bei)和西北(bei)大部分(fen)地(di)區都(dou)能(neng)(neng)露地(di)越冬(dong)(dong),對(dui)土(tu)壤(rang)要求(qiu)不(bu)嚴,較耐(nai)瘠薄,能(neng)(neng)在(zai)粘重或堿性土(tu)壤(rang)中生(sheng)(sheng)長,惟忌干(gan)旱(han),生(sheng)(sheng)長期需(xu)適(shi)(shi)時(shi)適(shi)(shi)量(liang)澆水,經常保持土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)潤(run)。管理比較粗放,耐(nai)修(xiu)剪,是(shi)抗(kang)煙塵,抗(kang)氟化(hua)氫等有(you)(you)害氣(qi)體(ti)的極好(hao)(hao)植(zhi)物,也是(shi)美化(hua)、綠化(hua)、凈化(hua)空氣(qi)的好(hao)(hao)樹種。在(zai)天旱(han)時(shi)適(shi)(shi)當澆水,生(sheng)(sheng)長旺季稍施稀薄液肥(fei)即可,每年只(zhi)稍作修(xiu)剪,使之通風透光就行(xing)。 生(sheng)(sheng)長期保持土(tu)壤(rang)濕(shi)潤(run)。春季萌芽前施肥(fei)1次,6~10月開花期,施磷肥(fei)2次。通過修(xiu)剪來控(kong)制(zhi)株形和樹姿,最(zui)好(hao)(hao)冬(dong)(dong)季剪枝(zhi)(zhi)到2尺高,3月份再(zai)剪枝(zhi)(zhi)一次,但不(bu)要剪枝(zhi)(zhi)太多。移植(zhi)宜(yi)在(zai)落葉后進行(xing)。
產山東省。
生長(chang)期間(jian)病蟲(chong)害較(jiao)少(shao),病害主要(yao)有(you)炭疽病、葉枯病、白粉(fen)病等;蟲(chong)害主要(yao)有(you)紅(hong)蜘蛛、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、蓑蛾、夜蛾、天牛等。病蟲(chong)害發生時(shi),可剪除(chu)病蟲(chong)枝,選用安全、高效低毒農藥噴(pen)霧防治或誘殺。應注(zhu)意早期防治,避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)開花采(cai)收期施藥,保證采(cai)收的木(mu)槿花不受農藥污染(ran)。
常見葉斑病和(he)銹病危害,用65%代森(sen)鋅(xin)可濕性粉劑(ji)600倍(bei)液噴灑。蟲害還(huan)有粉虱和(he)金龜子,以(yi)蚜蟲為主(zhu),也有尺蠖(huo)和(he)卷葉蛾,可用40%氧(yang)化樂果乳油1000倍(bei)液噴殺。對環境安(an)全的(de)除蟲法(fa)是(shi)用稀釋后的(de)洗滌劑(ji)。