形態特征
大喬木,高(gao)25-30米,胸徑(jing)約l米;樹皮深褐色(se)(se),常現(xian)小(xiao)(xiao)縱(zong)裂;小(xiao)(xiao)枝(zhi)粗(cu)壯,直(zhi)徑(jing)5毫米,微呈棱角狀,當年(nian)生枝(zhi)密(mi)被(bei)黃綠(lv)色(se)(se)微絨(rong)毛(mao),二(er)年(nian)生以上枝(zhi)被(bei)宿存(cun)的黃褐色(se)(se)微絨(rong)毛(mao);皮孔(kong)顯著,近(jin)圓形或橢圓形,淡白色(se)(se)或淡黃白色(se)(se);冬(dong)芽錐(zhui)形,鱗片鑷合狀排列,密(mi)被(bei)黃綠(lv)色(se)(se)絨(rong)毛(mao)。
葉(xie)厚紙質,橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)倒(dao)卵形(xing),稀長橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing),長15-22厘米,寬8-12厘米,頂端鈍(dun)(dun)尖,具短尖頭,基部鈍(dun)(dun)形(xing)或(huo)近圓(yuan)形(xing),稀楔(xie)形(xing),邊緣全緣或(huo)微呈淺波狀(zhuang),上(shang)面深(shen)綠(lv)色(se),干(gan)燥后橄欖色(se),下(xia)面除(chu)葉(xie)脈(mo)深(shen)黃(huang)色(se)外(wai)其余(yu)部分(fen)淡綠(lv)色(se),干(gan)燥后灰綠(lv)色(se),密被黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)微絨(rong)毛(mao),葉(xie)脈(mo)上(shang)更密,中脈(mo)在上(shang)面微下(xia)凹,在下(xia)面凸起,側脈(mo)14-18對,與中脈(mo)成(cheng)40度的角開展(zhan),上(shang)部略向內(nei)彎曲;葉(xie)柄粗壯,長2-3厘米,近圓(yuan)柱形(xing),上(shang)面微呈淺溝狀(zhuang),密被黃(huang)綠(lv)色(se)微絨(rong)毛(mao)。
花(hua)(hua)單性(xing),異株,由(you)葉(xie)腋(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)葉(xie)已(yi)脫落(luo)的葉(xie)痕腋(ye)(ye)(ye)芽生(sheng)出;雄(xiong)花(hua)(hua)多數成傘形(xing)(xing)花(hua)(hua)序,花(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長約(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao),總花(hua)(hua)梗(geng)粗壯(zhuang),圓(yuan)(yuan)柱形(xing)(xing),長2-2.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)黃綠色(se)微(wei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao),單生(sheng)于葉(xie)腋(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)葉(xie)已(yi)脫落(luo)的葉(xie)痕內側;花(hua)(hua)托盤(pan)狀;花(hua)(hua)萼(e)有(you)萼(e)片5,卵形(xing)(xing)或(huo)三角(jiao)狀卵形(xing)(xing),長約(yue)0.5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi);外(wai)面被(bei)(bei)微(wei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)萼(e)下有(you)小(xiao)苞片4,卵形(xing)(xing),密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao);花(hua)(hua)瓣5,近(jin)長橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長2毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),外(wai)面被(bei)(bei)疏(shu)柔毛(mao);雄(xiong)蕊10,排(pai)列(lie)成2輪,長2-3毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),生(sheng)于花(hua)(hua)盤(pan)周圍,花(hua)(hua)絲(si)鉆形(xing)(xing),無毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)藥淡黃色(se),橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)盤(pan)肉質,微(wei)現裂(lie)痕。雌(ci)花(hua)(hua)未詳。核果(guo)(guo)幼(you)時(shi)綠色(se),干燥(zao)后(hou)紫褐(he)色(se),長卵圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)近(jin)橢圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing),長2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),寬1厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),直(zhi)徑5毫(hao)(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)微(wei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao),無果(guo)(guo)梗(geng),通(tong)常4-5枚(mei)成頭(tou)狀果(guo)(guo)序,果(guo)(guo)實下邊有(you)矩圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)(xing)小(xiao)苞片4枚(mei);總果(guo)(guo)梗(geng)長2厘(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)黃綠色(se)微(wei)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao),生(sheng)于葉(xie)腋(ye)(ye)(ye)或(huo)葉(xie)已(yi)脫落(luo)的葉(xie)痕內側;種(zhong)子(zi)稍扁,外(wai)殼上有(you)7條縱(zong)溝紋。花(hua)(hua)期3月下旬,果(guo)(guo)期9月。
生長環境
生于西雙(shuang)版納海拔500-1100米的山谷密林中。模式(shi)標本采自云南普文(wen)和勐罕。
主要價值
云南藍(lan)果樹在(zai)新(xin)葉萌發及深秋落葉時變(bian)紅色(se),而其果實成熟(shu)時又呈(cheng)現(xian)美麗的深藍(lan)色(se),觀賞價值很高。可大力發展這一優良的鄉土樹種,以創造更豐富的植物景(jing)觀。
保護現狀
保護(hu)級(ji)別(bie):國家Ⅰ級(ji)重(zhong)點(dian)保護(hu)野生植物(wu)(國務院(yuan)1999年(nian)8月(yue)4日(ri)批準)
IUCN紅色等級(ji)名錄:CR。
保護價值:木材。
致危因素
分布狹窄,種群小。