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城墻布局

興城古城是明代的寧遠衛城，在清代改為寧遠州城。城池始建于明宣德三年（1428），“周(zhou)圍(wei)五里(li)九十六步，高(gao)三丈(zhang)，門四，東曰(yue)(yue)春(chun)和，南曰(yue)(yue)延輝(hui)，西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)永寧，北曰(yue)(yue)威(wei)遠，鐘(zhong)鼓樓在中街”。宣德五年(nian)（1430）又增筑(zhu)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)，外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)周(zhou)圍(wei)九里(li)一百二(er)(er)十四步，高(gao)如內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)。門四，東曰(yue)(yue)遠安(an)，南曰(yue)(yue)永清，西(xi)曰(yue)(yue)迎恩，北曰(yue)(yue)大定。四門設樓，四角設臺，城(cheng)(cheng)郭之間(jian)為護城(cheng)(cheng)河。明(ming)朝(chao)末(mo)年(nian)袁崇煥鎮守(shou)寧遠，為抵(di)御后金努爾哈(ha)赤(chi)的軍(jun)事進(jin)攻，用兩年(nian)時間(jian)修繕(shan)(shan)寧遠城(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)墻“高(gao)三丈(zhang)二(er)(er)尺(chi)，雉高(gao)六尺(chi)，址(zhi)廣三丈(zhang)，上二(er)(er)丈(zhang)四”。明(ming)朝(chao)末(mo)年(nian)，這里(li)成為抗擊女真族(zu)的前沿陣地。興城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)現僅存(cun)寧遠內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)，經多次修繕(shan)(shan)，基本保持原貌。

城墻結構

古城平面呈正方形，南北844米，東西830米。城墻高8.5米，城基砌條石3層，基寬6.8米，頂寬4.5米。墻體為外條磚內毛石,外設垛口,內設女墻，中填夯土。墻頂設海墁磚 1層(ceng)水口。城墻(qiang)四(si)角(jiao)設(she)炮臺(tai)(tai)，東(dong)南角(jiao)炮臺(tai)(tai)上(shang)為清代(dai)增建的魁(kui)星樓。城墻(qiang)為正方形，周(zhou)長3274米。城墻(qiang)四(si)面(mian)正中各設(she)城門，城門上(shang)皆筑箭樓，為兩層(ceng)樓閣。城墻(qiang)四(si)角(jiao)設(she)臺(tai)(tai)，突(tu)出于城角(jiao)。在(zai)城區東(dong)南角(jiao)上(shang)建有(you)魁(kui)星樓一座(zuo)。興(xing)城城墻(qiang)現(xian)為全國重點文物保護(hu)單位。興(xing)城——中國東(dong)北地(di)區的沿(yan)海文化古城，它(ta)扼居遼西走廊的咽喉(hou)地(di)帶，交通發達，歷來是兵(bing)家必爭之地(di)。興(xing)城城墻(qiang)保存(cun)較好。1984年以來國家撥款對古城城墻(qiang)進(jin)行全面(mian)維修(xiu)，并建立了文物保管所。

城(cheng)設(she) 4門(men)。東(dong)曰(yue)春(chun)和，西曰(yue)永寧，南曰(yue)延輝，北(bei)曰(yue)威(wei)遠。門(men)座(zuo)通(tong)長12.17米，寬13米。4門(men)均建城(cheng)樓，重(zhong)檐歇山(shan)頂,面闊三間，進深一間。城(cheng)門(men)外有半圓(yuan)形甕城(cheng),外徑32米，內、外均以條(tiao)磚(zhuan)筑成，城(cheng)門(men)內左側設(she)馬道，長21米，寬 3.1米。

城內十字街中心有鐘鼓樓 1座，方形樓臺，十字券洞。樓為 2層，重檐歇山卷棚頂。南街有明思宗朱由檢為遼西守將祖大壽、祖大樂立的兩座高大石牌坊。城內東南有清建文廟 1座。城內街坊布局，基本上仍保持著清末的體制。興城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)保存較好。1984年(nian)以來國(guo)家撥款對古(gu)城(cheng)城(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)進(jin)行全面維修，并(bing)建(jian)立了文物保管所(suo)。

城墻歷史

興城歷史悠久，遼代設置(zhi)興(xing)城縣(xian)(xian)，距(ju)今已有1000多年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。明朝(chao)為了(le)鞏固對東(dong)(dong)(dong)北地區的(de)(de)(de)統治，防御蒙古部落和女真人的(de)(de)(de)侵擾，在山海關(guan)外“只設衛(wei)所(suo)(suo)，不設州(zhou)縣(xian)(xian)”，先后設立(li)(li)了(le)二十五個衛(wei)，實行軍(jun)(jun)政(zheng)合(he)一式管理(li)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)就是其(qi)中(zhong)之一。 明宣(xuan)德三年(nian)(nian)，即公元1428年(nian)(nian)，鎮守(shou)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)總(zong)兵(bing)官(guan)(guan)巫凱、都 御史(shi)包懷德及鎮守(shou)遼東(dong)(dong)(dong)太監王彥(yan)聯(lian)名奏請朝(chao)廷修筑寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)城，兩年(nian)(nian)后工程竣(jun)工，當時(shi)稱(cheng)(cheng)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)城。寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)駐(zhu)軍(jun)(jun)5600人，守(shou)城士(shi)兵(bing)戰(zhan)時(shi)出征(zheng)，平時(shi)屯田勞作，家屬也隨(sui)軍(jun)(jun)士(shi)從全國(guo)(guo)各(ge)地前來定居，后代(dai)逐漸繁衍。衛(wei)的(de)(de)(de)長官(guan)(guan)稱(cheng)(cheng)衛(wei)指揮使，既是一衛(wei)的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)事長官(guan)(guan)，又(you)負責審(shen)理(li)所(suo)(suo)轄(xia)地區的(de)(de)(de)民(min)事案件，一般為三品(pin)官(guan)(guan)。這種特(te)殊的(de)(de)(de)軍(jun)(jun)政(zheng)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)給寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)城增加了(le)神秘色(se)彩。清朝(chao)建立(li)(li)后撤衛(wei)建州(zhou)，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)衛(wei)城也改稱(cheng)(cheng)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)城，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)管轄(xia)山海關(guan)以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)至錦州(zhou)以(yi)西的(de)(de)(de)廣闊(kuo)區域。民(min)國(guo)(guo)成立(li)(li)后，1914年(nian)(nian)因寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)與湖南、山西、云(yun)南等省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)重名，經當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)務院內務部呈(cheng)請大總(zong)統袁世(shi)凱批準，恢(hui)復使用(yong)遼代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)興(xing)城縣(xian)(xian)縣(xian)(xian)名，寧(ning)(ning)(ning)(ning)遠(yuan)(yuan)城也就隨(sui)之稱(cheng)(cheng)為興(xing)城古城。興(xing)城城墻就是興(xing)城古城的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)建筑。

歷史見證

興城城墻歷經570多年的風風雨雨仍巍然屹立，是當今中華大地上為數不多的明清古城墻建筑，是(shi)明(ming)代軍(jun)事防御型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市的(de)(de)標本，它與(yu)平遙城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、西(xi)安城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)、荊(jing)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)并稱為(wei)中國(guo)保(bao)存最完整(zheng)的(de)(de)四座(zuo)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，也是(shi)中國(guo)現存惟一的(de)(de)正方形城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，受到聯合國(guo)及歐(ou)盟文化遺 產保(bao)護專(zhuan)家(jia)和(he)(he)為(wei)數眾(zhong)多的(de)(de)中外游客的(de)(de)青(qing)睞和(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)注。學者們認為(wei)，研究中國(guo)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)必不(bu)可(ke)(ke)少。 興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)整(zheng)體為(wei)正方形，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基礎用條石(shi)，外墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用青(qing)磚砌(qi)成，內墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)用不(bu)規則(ze)塊石(shi)壘(lei)砌(qi)，中間用夯土(tu)所(suo)筑。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頂(ding)端外沿筑有(you)垛口，守城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)官兵可(ke)(ke)以以此(ci)護身、了望(wang)、射箭；內沿筑有(you)女(nv)兒墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)，高(gao)度低于垛口，起著(zhu)加(jia)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)作用。用于人員行(xing)走的(de)(de)磚面稱為(wei)“海墁”，“海墁”系青(qing)磚鋪就，中凸外低，便(bian)于排(pai)水和(he)(he)減輕(qing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)夯土(tu)的(de)(de)承(cheng)重壓力。1644年三月(yue)，李自成率領(ling)的(de)(de)農民(min)軍(jun)兵逼(bi)北京，崇禎皇帝匆忙(mang)下令寧遠(yuan)(yuan)總兵吳三桂放棄寧遠(yuan)(yuan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，入(ru)關(guan)(guan)勤王，這(zhe)樣，清軍(jun)才占領(ling)寧遠(yuan)(yuan)。

1948年9月28日，東北野戰軍第四縱隊一部(bu)在縱隊副司令員胡奇才的(de)率領下(xia)，解放了(le)(le)興城(cheng)(cheng)古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)。當(dang)時，解放軍指戰員從城(cheng)(cheng)墻突破進入古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)內，但(dan)為(wei)了(le)(le)保護文物古(gu)(gu)(gu)跡，他們盡量(liang)避免開炮射擊城(cheng)(cheng)墻。三十多年后(hou)，古(gu)(gu)(gu)稀(xi)之年的(de)胡奇才將軍重回古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)，欣然揮(hui)筆寫下(xia)了(le)(le)：“古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)回到(dao)人民手(shou)中”。至今，這幅(fu)題(ti)字仍(reng)在古(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)鐘鼓(gu)樓上(shang)懸掛。

隨(sui)著(zhu)(zhu)興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻知(zhi)名(ming)度的(de)(de)提(ti)升，旅游(you)開發(fa)事業(ye)得(de)到(dao)蓬勃(bo)發(fa)展，中外(wai)游(you)客紛(fen)至沓來，文物(wu)保護(hu)工(gong)(gong)作也取得(de)了顯著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)進(jin)展。在人(ren)民政府的(de)(de)重(zhong)視下，由于戰亂而(er)有(you)所毀(hui)壞的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)墻部分地段的(de)(de)垛口、女兒墻和(he)海(hai)墁得(de)到(dao)修復，魁星樓(lou)也重(zhong)現(xian)了往日(ri)(ri)風采(cai)，保護(hu)維修使興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻煥發(fa)了新的(de)(de)生機，1988年(nian)1月13日(ri)(ri)，興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻被(bei)國(guo)(guo)務院公布為全國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位；對城(cheng)(cheng)墻進(jin)行綜合(he)研究和(he)文化(hua)整理也隨(sui)之同步進(jin)行，已(yi)經有(you)多(duo)部有(you)關興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)(de)書籍出版或研究論文發(fa)表；天津大學、上海(hai)同濟(ji)大學等高校的(de)(de)知(zhi)名(ming)學者為興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻精(jing)心編(bian)制了保護(hu)規劃；先后有(you)《三進(jin)山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)》、《平原游(you)擊隊》、《濟(ji)南戰役》、《袁(yuan)崇煥》、《遠東(dong)陰(yin)謀》、《甲(jia)午陸(lu)戰》等影視劇在興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻拍攝外(wai)景；2001年(nian)，興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)古城(cheng)(cheng)保護(hu)開發(fa)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)啟動，興(xing)(xing)(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)墻被(bei)規劃為“城(cheng)(cheng)垣思古”游(you)覽區，游(you)人(ren)們登臨城(cheng)(cheng)墻，不(bu)僅可以驚(jing)嘆(tan)中國(guo)(guo)古代建筑(zhu)藝術的(de)(de)精(jing)湛，還能穿越歷史的(de)(de)時空，回(hui)(hui)味(wei)著(zhu)(zhu)明末(mo)那一幕幕蕩(dang)氣回(hui)(hui)腸的(de)(de)戰爭場面(mian)。

建造藝術

城墻四面的正中各設城門，東為春和門、南為延輝門、西為永寧門、北為威遠門。城門上(shang)修筑(zhu)了箭樓(lou)，俗稱城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門樓(lou)和城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)，為兩層樓(lou)閣(ge)建(jian)筑(zhu)，重檐高聳、氣(qi)勢巍(wei)峨。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門旁邊分別(bie)有(you)(you)坡形馬道，供(gong)人員上(shang)下城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門外均有(you)(you)半圓形甕(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻連為一體。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻東南角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)上(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)魁(kui)星樓(lou)一座，其(qi)他三個拐角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)處都(dou)設有(you)(you)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺，明清征戰時(shi)期，在(zai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺上(shang)架設火炮，平時(shi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)臺上(shang)也有(you)(you)士兵(bing)駐扎，以(yi)加強對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻的(de)防御。距(ju)離魁(kui)星樓(lou)不遠處的(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻底(di)端，有(you)(you)水門洞一個，為明代所修，至今(jin)保存完好，是古代的(de)排水設施。

古城(cheng)(cheng)內的四條(tiao)大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)，是(shi)古城(cheng)(cheng)的主(zhu)干道(dao)，他們因循四座城(cheng)(cheng)門而得(de)名(ming)，分別(bie)(bie)稱為春和街(jie)(jie)、延輝街(jie)(jie)、永寧街(jie)(jie)和威遠街(jie)(jie)，城(cheng)(cheng)中百(bai)姓根據(ju)方位分別(bie)(bie)稱為東街(jie)(jie)、南街(jie)(jie)、西街(jie)(jie)和北街(jie)(jie)。街(jie)(jie)道(dao)兩旁分布著(zhu)許(xu)多老字(zi)(zi)(zi)號店鋪，其中以(yi)南街(jie)(jie)最(zui)為集中，因此(ci)有"明代(dai)一條(tiao)街(jie)(jie)"的美譽。四條(tiao)大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)呈十字(zi)(zi)(zi)形規(gui)則分布，因此(ci)又統稱為十字(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)，十字(zi)(zi)(zi)大(da)(da)街(jie)(jie)的交叉點坐落著(zhu)一座鐘鼓樓。

鐘(zhong)鼓樓與(yu)城墻(qiang)的(de)四座城門(men)箭(jian)樓遙相呼應，鐘(zhong)鼓樓為二(er)層樓閣建筑，登(deng)臨樓頂(ding)，城墻(qiang)和古城內(nei)的(de)景觀盡(jin)收(shou)眼底。鐘(zhong)鼓樓是(shi)古代(dai)城市的(de)報時中心，晨鐘(zhong)暮鼓。在明與(yu)后金軍(jun)隊征戰期間，鎮(zhen)守寧遠城的(de)明軍(jun)主帥(shuai)袁崇煥就坐(zuo)鎮(zhen)鐘(zhong)鼓樓指(zhi)揮作戰。

建筑風格

與世界上現存的其他城墻相比，興城城墻有許多引人關注的獨特性。在明代修建城墻時，主(zhu)要考慮到(dao)軍(jun)事(shi)防御(yu)的需要，因此設置了角臺等軍(jun)事(shi)設施，在這方面(mian)特別值得(de)稱道的是半圓形(xing)的甕城(cheng)和便于人馬(ma)通行的坡形(xing)馬(ma)道。

甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)建(jian)(jian)筑于四(si)座(zuo)(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外側(ce)，呈半圓形(xing)，與(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)同時興(xing)建(jian)(jian)。甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)突出(chu)(chu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)之(zhi)外，既體現(xian)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)種建(jian)(jian)筑美學，又(you)可(ke)以保護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)在(zai)(zai)戰斗中(zhong)不(bu)(bu)被敵人輕易接近與(yu)(yu)破(po)壞。在(zai)(zai)實戰中(zhong)即便敵軍攻破(po)了甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)，在(zai)(zai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)守軍仍能(neng)以極快(kuai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)速度(du)組織調(diao)度(du)，居高(gao)臨下(xia)從四(si)面向城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)發動(dong)(dong)還擊，而(er)(er)敵軍一(yi)(yi)旦身陷(xian)半圓形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)內，人馬很難(nan)脫(tuo)身，成語“甕(weng)(weng)中(zhong)捉(zhuo)鱉”可(ke)以說是(shi)對甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)功能(neng)最生動(dong)(dong)地描(miao)述(shu)。明(ming)朝末年努(nu)爾哈(ha)赤和(he)皇(huang)太極所率領的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軍隊攻打寧遠城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時，就是(shi)在(zai)(zai)甕(weng)(weng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內遭(zao)到猛(meng)(meng)烈攻擊而(er)(er)損失慘重(zhong)。 興(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)四(si)座(zuo)(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)體現(xian)出(chu)(chu)明(ming)代(dai)北方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑風格(ge)，它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磚(zhuan)木結構是(shi)傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑特點。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)拱形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men)洞之(zhi)上(shang)，與(yu)(yu)鐘(zhong)鼓樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)(yi)樣是(shi)二(er)層樓(lou)(lou)閣建(jian)(jian)筑，面闊8.9米，進(jin)深(shen)4.5米，內有樓(lou)(lou)梯登樓(lou)(lou)，建(jian)(jian)筑形(xing)式為重(zhong)檐歇山頂(ding)，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)頂(ding)端為青色筒瓦(wa)和(he)板瓦(wa)覆蓋，正脊兩端有吻獸(shou)(shou)裝飾，戧脊上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)垂(chui)獸(shou)(shou)和(he)檐角前(qian)部裝飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑獸(shou)(shou)神態(tai)栩(xu)栩(xu)如生。按照明(ming)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)規(gui)制，不(bu)(bu)同級別(bie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)上(shang)裝飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑獸(shou)(shou)數目是(shi)不(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，寧遠衛城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)樓(lou)(lou)檐角裝飾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑獸(shou)(shou)有天馬、海馬和(he)獅(shi)(shi)子三種，其(qi)中(zhong)，天馬、海馬是(shi)吉祥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化身，獅(shi)(shi)子則代(dai)表勇猛(meng)(meng)和(he)威嚴，它(ta)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寓(yu)意與(yu)(yu)這(zhe)座(zuo)(zuo)軍事防御型(xing)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特色可(ke)謂不(bu)(bu)謀而(er)(er)合。

內壁特色

興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)內(nei)壁(bi)也很有特色(se)。為了使(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)堅固，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)強大(da)(da)的(de)支(zhi)撐力(li)，避(bi)免內(nei)心的(de)夯土松動，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)在建筑(zhu)(zhu)之初就(jiu)用不規(gui)(gui)則城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)石砌筑(zhu)(zhu)內(nei)壁(bi)，然后將壁(bi)面鑿平(ping)，所(suo)以(yi)稱為“毛石墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”；由于(yu)石料大(da)(da)多是(shi)就(jiu)地取材(cai)，遠望去顏色(se)近似虎皮(pi)，所(suo)以(yi)又(you)被稱為“虎皮(pi)毛石墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)”。 興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)的(de)典范(fan)。從建筑(zhu)(zhu)科學上(shang)講，興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)選址(zhi)得體，恰好(hao)(hao)處在山水(shui)圍(wei)河的(de)平(ping)原地帶，十分有利(li)于(yu)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)良好(hao)(hao)的(de)生態環(huan)境和局(ju)部小氣候。背山可(ke)以(yi)抵擋冬天北來的(de)寒流，抱(bao)陽可(ke)以(yi)得到良好(hao)(hao)的(de)日照(zhao)，近水(shui)可(ke)以(yi)保障生活(huo)及灌溉供水(shui)，還可(ke)以(yi)防(fang)止風沙侵襲(xi)，對城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)居民十分有利(li)。 中(zhong)(zhong)國古(gu)代的(de)傳(chuan)統哲(zhe)學思想在興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)和建筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)，體現得淋漓盡致(zhi)：興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)建成(cheng)(cheng)正方(fang)形(xing)，是(shi)取傳(chuan)統宇宙觀的(de)“天圓地方(fang)”，予以(yi)大(da)(da)地沉穩、永(yong)無(wu)銷(xiao)毀之意；興城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)的(de)周長及城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門數、街路數均為偶數，體現了古(gu)代哲(zhe)學中(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)思辨(bian)。