2005年7月(yue)(yue)—2006年11月(yue)(yue),為配(pei)合赤峰市三(san)座店水利樞紐工(gong)程建設,內蒙古文物(wu)考古研究(jiu)所對三(san)座店石城遺(yi)(yi)址進行了搶救性發掘,揭露了一處保存完整、布局(ju)清楚的石城遺(yi)(yi)址。
考古發掘共揭(jie)露面積9000多平(ping)方米(mi),包括大(da)城(cheng)的絕(jue)大(da)部分和小城(cheng)的全部。清理的遺(yi)(yi)跡有石(shi)砌(qi)的圓(yuan)形(xing)建筑基址、半圓(yuan)形(xing)建筑基址、窖坑以及(ji)石(shi)墻、積石(shi)臺(tai)和零星墓(mu)葬。特別是規模巨大(da)的城(cheng)墻及(ji)其星列的馬面遺(yi)(yi)跡,蔚為壯觀。上述遺(yi)(yi)跡的時(shi)代絕(jue)大(da)部分屬青銅時(shi)代夏家(jia)店(dian)下層文(wen)化,包括石(shi)城(cheng)本身,只有積石(shi)臺(tai)遺(yi)(yi)跡屬夏家(jia)店(dian)上層文(wen)化。此外,遺(yi)(yi)址中還可以見到(dao)少(shao)量(liang)紅山(shan)文(wen)化時(shi)期的陶片。
夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua),距(ju)今4000~3500年左右,赤(chi)峰地區(qu)是夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)中(zhong)心(xin)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu),老(lao)哈河(he)及其(qi)(qi)主要支(zhi)流(liu)是夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)的(de)主要分(fen)(fen)布(bu)區(qu),沿河(he)兩岸的(de)臺地及附近(jin)的(de)山(shan)頭上,分(fen)(fen)布(bu)著密(mi)集的(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi),無論數量和類(lei)型都十(shi)分(fen)(fen)可觀(guan)。其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)有四處遺(yi)址(zhi)已(yi)被列入(ru)全國文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物保(bao)護單位,即(ji)大(da)甸子(zi)(zi)墓地、城子(zi)(zi)山(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)群和架(jia)子(zi)(zi)山(shan)遺(yi)址(zhi)。而密(mi)布(bu)于英金(jin)河(he)、陰(yin)河(he)流(liu)域的(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)石城帶很具有代表性,三座(zuo)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)即(ji)是其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)個(ge),三座(zuo)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)屬夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)山(shan)城類(lei)型。目前,經過發掘的(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)(xia)家店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)下(xia)(xia)層(ceng)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)類(lei)型的(de)遺(yi)址(zhi)有十(shi)幾處,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)也有象大(da)甸子(zi)(zi)和大(da)山(shan)前那樣經過大(da)規模發掘的(de)遺(yi)址(zhi),但經過大(da)規模揭露的(de)完整石城僅三座(zuo)店(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)遺(yi)址(zhi)一(yi)處。
夏家店(dian)(dian)(dian)下層文化山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)類型(xing)是中(zhong)國北(bei)方地(di)(di)區(qu)自有(you)人(ren)類以來以“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”的(de)(de)形(xing)式出(chu)(chu)(chu)現的(de)(de)聚落(luo)形(xing)態,石砌圓(yuan)形(xing)建筑(zhu)與城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻馬(ma)面在夏家店(dian)(dian)(dian)下層文化山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)特別突出(chu)(chu)(chu)。而三座店(dian)(dian)(dian)石城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)規模(mo)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)、保存完整、布局清晰(xi),正(zheng)是對(dui)(dui)這類山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)再現,對(dui)(dui)于(yu)研(yan)究夏家店(dian)(dian)(dian)下層山(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)性質、遼西地(di)(di)區(qu)早期國家的(de)(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現及(ji)青銅時代的(de)(de)聚落(luo)考古等考古領域來說,無疑增(zeng)添一份具(ju)有(you)豐富內涵(han)的(de)(de)個(ge)案資料。對(dui)(dui)遺址(zhi)進行原狀(zhuang)展示(shi),對(dui)(dui)于(yu)深層次的(de)(de)多學科后(hou)續研(yan)究將起到帶動(dong)全局的(de)(de)作用。