原僧(seng)(seng)府(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)門在炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)(hu)同(tong),全府(fu)(fu)占了(le)幾(ji)乎炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)一(yi)條街,規模(mo)相當(dang)可觀,現(xian)在公布的只(zhi)是原府(fu)(fu)的一(yi)部分。據《京師(shi)坊(fang)巷志稿》中“炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)”條記:“博多勒噶臺親府(fu)(fu),在安定門內炒(chao)(chao)豆胡(hu)(hu)同(tong)。案科(ke)爾沁(qin)郡王(wang)(wang)索特(te)那木多布齊(qi)尚(shang)仁(ren)宗三(san)女壯敬公主,追封親王(wang)(wang)銜(xian)。其(qi)子博多勒噶臺親王(wang)(wang)僧(seng)(seng)格(ge)林(lin)沁(qin),咸豐時(shi)以剿(jiao)賊功,食雙親王(wang)(wang)俸,謚曰忠,配(pei)享太廟。今王(wang)(wang)伯彥訥謨祜(hu)嗣(si)府(fu)(fu)為忠王(wang)(wang)所(suo)建,非(fei)公主賜第。”則府(fu)(fu)規模(mo)應成(cheng)于僧(seng)(seng)格(ge)林(lin)沁(qin)之手,也非(fei)一(yi)次建成(cheng)。
僧格林沁(qin)死(si)后,該府由其(qi)子孫繼(ji)承,至(zhi)民(min)國(guo)時主(zhu)人為(wei)僧格林沁(qin)之孫阿穆(mu)爾靈圭,故又稱“阿府”。阿穆(mu)爾靈圭時為(wei)屆國(guo)會(hui)議員(yuan),家道敗落,難以(yi)維持,被控告“未贍養好家人”,只得將(jiang)府拍(pai)賣。該府西部(bu)或為(wei)溫(wen)泉中學,中部(bu)為(wei)朱家購(gou)買,東部(bu)除一部(bu)分由其(qi)子和琳 留下外,其(qi)余賣給了西北軍。1954年,原宅西部(bu)成為(wei)某機(ji)關(guan)宿舍,東部(bu)從(cong)炒豆胡同61號至(zhi)71號成為(wei)民(min)居,原貌已非常(chang)雜(za)亂,但可約(yue)略知其(qi)規模。
原(yuan)府正門外有(you)(you)大影壁(bi),門旁有(you)(you)上馬石(shi),內(nei)有(you)(you)槍架(jia)子。腰廳(ting),垂(chui)花(hua)門、上房院(yuan)、后(hou)罩房等均有(you)(you)抄手游廊相通。此(ci)外,院(yuan)內(nei)還(huan)有(you)(you)爬山廊、游廊、花(hua)廳(ting)、亭、臺、水(shui)池等。室內(nei)為冬季取暖均設地(di)炕。地(di)炕燒火口在走廊兩端(duan),室內(nei)有(you)(you)地(di)下火道,走廊臺階處(chu)有(you)(you)出火口,煙及(ji)煤氣均從此(ci)出去。
73號院(yuan)(yuan)廣亮大門一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),倒座房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),二(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),三(san)(san)(san)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),全院(yuan)(yuan)環以圍廊(lang)(lang),四(si)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)后罩房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)九間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均為(wei)(wei)合(he)瓦過(guo)壟(long)(long)脊(ji)硬(ying)山房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。75號院(yuan)(yuan)廣亮大門一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),門內(nei)(nei)為(wei)(wei)獨立影壁一(yi)座,南有(you)倒座房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),為(wei)(wei)合(he)瓦屋(wu)面,北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)腰(yao)廳七(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),中啟廳門,過(guo)廳門,進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)垂花門為(wei)(wei)二(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深七(qi)(qi)檁,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),抄(chao)手游(you)廊(lang)(lang)環四(si)周(zhou)。后院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)板(ban)廠(chang)胡同32號院(yuan)(yuan),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),均為(wei)(wei)筒(tong)瓦過(guo)壟(long)(long)脊(ji)硬(ying)山房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。77號院(yuan)(yuan)廣亮大門一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),倒座房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)東(dong)(dong)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)六(liu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),合(he)瓦屋(wu)面。院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)(nei)只(zhi)存西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)配房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)五間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)為(wei)(wei)過(guo)廳七(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)出廊(lang)(lang),中啟廳門。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)出一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)軒門,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)連廊(lang)(lang),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深七(qi)(qi)檁,前(qian)后廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),前(qian)出廊(lang)(lang),抄(chao)手游(you)廊(lang)(lang)連接各(ge)(ge)(ge)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)側耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)內(nei)(nei)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)應為(wei)(wei)穿(chuan)廊(lang)(lang)至(zhi)后院(yuan)(yuan)。北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)深五檁,前(qian)出廊(lang)(lang),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)二(er)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)路院(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)南房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)帶前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)和東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。二(er)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),帶前(qian)廊(lang)(lang)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)耳(er)(er)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)一(yi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)廂房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)三(san)(san)(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。以上均為(wei)(wei)筒(tong)瓦過(guo)壟(long)(long)脊(ji)硬(ying)山房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),雖(sui)有(you)改建但廊(lang)(lang)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)寬大,應為(wei)(wei)原府的(de)建筑(zhu)。
原僧府(fu)規模很大,前門在炒豆胡(hu)同(tong),后門在板廠胡(hu)同(tong),縱跨兩(liang)個(ge)胡(hu)同(tong)。府(fu)分(fen)中、東(dong)、西(xi)三路,各有(you)(you)四進(jin)。其中東(dong)路除(chu)正(zheng)院外(wai),還有(you)(you)東(dong)院四進(jin),組成一個(ge)很大的建筑群。
民國(guo)后,府第(di)被親王的(de)后代逐漸拍賣,被分成了(le)許多院落。現在的(de)炒豆胡同(tong)71號(hao)(hao)至77號(hao)(hao)(單號(hao)(hao)),板廠胡同(tong)30號(hao)(hao)至34號(hao)(hao)(雙號(hao)(hao)),都是(shi)原府的(de)范圍。
炒(chao)豆胡(hu)同西(xi)口,是(shi)僧(seng)格林(lin)沁家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)祠堂,也是(shi)一組很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑。祠堂和府建(jian)(jian)在(zai)一條胡(hu)同,在(zai)清(qing)朝是(shi)不多見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)。現(xian)在(zai)這里被改建(jian)(jian)為(wei)“侶松園賓館”。像這樣幽靜(jing)秀雅、古香古色的(de)(de)(de)四合院賓館,在(zai)北京也是(shi)不多見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)。
炒豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)屬東城區交道(dao)(dao)口(kou)地區,是交道(dao)(dao)口(kou)南大(da)街(jie)路西從南往北數的(de)一條(tiao)(tiao)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)。胡(hu)(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)自東向西溝(gou)通(tong)交道(dao)(dao)口(kou)南大(da)街(jie)和(he)南鑼鼓巷,長400多(duo)米(mi)。此處明(ming)代稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“炒豆(dou)兒胡(hu)(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”,清宣統時稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“炒豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”,1965年整頓地名(ming)時稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“交道(dao)(dao)口(kou)南九(jiu)條(tiao)(tiao)”,“文化大(da)革命”中改稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“大(da)躍進路頭(tou)條(tiao)(tiao)”,1979年復稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“炒豆(dou)胡(hu)(hu)(hu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)”。
炒豆胡同(tong)73、75、77號在胡同(tong)西段北(bei)側(ce),坐北(bei)朝南,南北(bei)貫通(tong)炒豆胡同(tong)與(yu)板廠胡同(tong),原為(wei)僧(seng)格林沁,1986年(nian)被公布為(wei)東城區文(wen)物保護單(dan)位,2003年(nian)被公布為(wei)北(bei)京市(shi)文(wen)物保護單(dan)位。
炒豆(dou)胡(hu)同(tong)73、75、77號后院(yuan)均被隔成獨立院(yuan)落,門朝北開,門牌分別為板廠胡(hu)同(tong)30、32、34號。以上院(yuan)落共有房屋200多間。
《燕都叢(cong)考》載(zai):“博(bo)(bo)多(duo)(duo)勒噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),在安定(ding)門內炒豆胡(hu)同。科爾(er)沁(qin)(qin)郡(jun)王(wang)(wang)索特那(nei)木多(duo)(duo)布齊尚仁宗三女莊敬(jing)公主,追(zhui)封親(qin)王(wang)(wang)街,其(qi)子博(bo)(bo)多(duo)(duo)勒噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)僧格(ge)(ge)林沁(qin)(qin),咸豐時以剿賊功,食(shi)雙親(qin)王(wang)(wang)俸,謚曰忠,配享太廟。今王(wang)(wang)伯(bo)彥(yan)訥謨(mo)祜(hu)嗣府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)忠王(wang)(wang)所建(jian),非公主賜(si)第也。”據(ju)此(ci)可知(zhi),此(ci)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之所以稱“僧府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”,是因為(wei)一代府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)主是僧格(ge)(ge)林沁(qin)(qin)。僧格(ge)(ge)林沁(qin)(qin)死(si)后,其(qi)長子伯(bo)彥(yan)訥謨(mo)祜(hu)襲爵,此(ci)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)遂稱“伯(bo)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”。伯(bo)彥(yan)訥謨(mo)祜(hu)死(si)后,因其(qi)長子那(nei)爾(er)蘇早(zao)死(si),故由其(qi)長孫阿穆爾(er)靈(ling)圭襲爵,此(ci)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又稱“阿府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”。確切地講,此(ci)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)應(ying)稱“博(bo)(bo)多(duo)(duo)勒噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)”,因為(wei)“博(bo)(bo)多(duo)(duo)勒噶臺(tai)(tai)親(qin)王(wang)(wang)”是世襲罔替的(de)。
僧格(ge)林(lin)沁承襲科爾沁郡王,因(yin)軍功加封親王、食雙俸(feng)。因(yin)此,只是(shi)一般的(de)(de)郡府,其規模和規制遠不能(neng)與后(hou)來(lai)幾乎占了整條(tiao)胡同(tong)的(de)(de)“世襲罔(wang)替(ti)”的(de)(de)親府相(xiang)比,后(hou)來(lai)的(de)(de)僧府是(shi)累年擴建改建而成的(de)(de)。
清道光六年(nian)(1826年(nian)),僧格林沁出(chu)銀6690兩認買(mai)了(le)前任杭州織造(zao)福德入官的房屋117間。認買(mai)后,進行改建(jian),與西(xi)部的原府(fu)(fu)連在一起(qi),構成(cheng)由(you)東(dong)、中、西(xi)三所(suo)四進院(yuan)組成(cheng)的府(fu)(fu)。其中東(dong)所(suo)除正(zheng)院(yuan)四進外,還有(you)東(dong)院(yuan)四進。東(dong)所(suo)的大門被改建(jian)成(cheng)五(wu)脊六獸三開(kai)間的府(fu)(fu)門,以符合親府(fu)(fu)制;府(fu)(fu)的正(zheng)殿仍(reng)在中所(suo)正(zheng)院(yuan)。
胡同南側有(you)一(yi)座大(da)照壁正(zheng)對(dui)府門,府門兩旁(pang)有(you)上(shang)(shang)馬石,上(shang)(shang)馬石旁(pang)有(you)一(yi)對(dui)雕石矗燈;府門里兩廂置兵器架,后器架上(shang)(shang)插著兩排“阿虎(hu)槍”①,面闊五間的腰(yao)廳和(he)(he)垂花(hua)門、后罩(zhao)房(fang)等均有(you)抄手廊相連,院(yuan)內有(you)假(jia)山、水池和(he)(he)爬山廊、游廊、花(hua)廳、亭(ting)、臺(tai)(tai)等建筑。正(zheng)殿臺(tai)(tai)階五層,舉架高大(da),有(you)脊(ji)獸;每間面闊一(yi)丈有(you)余,進深超過兩丈;殿內用“金磚(zhuan)”②墁地,墻上(shang)(shang)掛著一(yi)幅僧格林沁頭戴秋帽、身穿“巴(ba)圖魯”③鹿(lu)皮坎肩(jian)的油畫(hua)像(xiang)。
僧(seng)格林沁的曾(ceng)孫(sun)阿(a)(a)穆(mu)爾(er)靈圭曾(ceng)任(ren)清廷鑾(luan)儀(yi)衛大臣,清廷退位后又曾(ceng)任(ren)民(min)國的國會(hui)議員,家道日趨(qu)衰(shuai)落(luo)。阿(a)(a)穆(mu)爾(er)靈圭死(si)后,因欠(qian)族(zu)中贍養費而被(bei)(bei)控(kong)告,法院受(shou)理(li)公開拍(pai)賣(mai)“僧(seng)府”。該府西部(bu)成為溫泉中學,中部(bu)賣(mai)給(gei)(gei)了(le)朱姓人家,東部(bu)除留一部(bu)分為阿(a)(a)穆(mu)爾(er)靈圭之子和琳自住,其余賣(mai)給(gei)(gei)了(le)西北軍。一座(zuo)顯赫的府未(wei)及百年(nian)便被(bei)(bei)分割(ge)得(de)七零八落(luo)。1954年(nian),煤(mei)炭(tan)部(bu)買下原(yuan)“僧(seng)府”的大部(bu)分院落(luo)作為宿(su)舍。
僧(seng)(seng)格林沁(qin)(qin)(1811—1865),成吉思汗的胞弟哈撒爾(er)的第26代孫。清末將(jiang)領。蒙古族,博爾(er)濟(ji)吉特(te)氏(shi),科爾(er)沁(qin)(qin)左(zuo)翼(yi)后旗(今內蒙古科爾(er)沁(qin)(qin)左(zuo)翼(yi)后旗)人(ren)。道光五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1825年(nian)(nian)(nian))襲科爾(er)沁(qin)(qin)郡王(wang),曾任御(yu)前大(da)(da)臣、領侍衛內大(da)(da)臣都統。咸(xian)(xian)豐三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1853年(nian)(nian)(nian)),任參(can)贊大(da)(da)臣,率所部騎(qi)兵防堵(du)太平(ping)天國(guo)北伐(fa)軍(jun)(jun),咸(xian)(xian)豐五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1855年(nian)(nian)(nian)),因擒殺太平(ping)天國(guo)北伐(fa)軍(jun)(jun)主(zhu)將(jiang)林鳳(feng)祥、李開芳(fang),咸(xian)(xian)豐皇帝頒詔:“僧(seng)(seng)格林沁(qin)(qin)進封(feng)親(qin)王(wang),世(shi)襲罔替。”咸(xian)(xian)豐十年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1860年(nian)(nian)(nian)),抗擊英法聯軍(jun)(jun),失守大(da)(da)沽、天津。咸(xian)(xian)豐十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1861年(nian)(nian)(nian))后在(zai)山(shan)東、河(he)南、安(an)徽(hui)對捻軍(jun)(jun)作戰,同治四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1865年(nian)(nian)(nian)),被賴(lai)文光、張宗禹率領的捻軍(jun)(jun)在(zai)山(shan)東曹州(今山(shan)東省菏澤市)高樓寨附近的吳家店(dian)圍(wei)殲斬首,其(qi)所部騎(qi)兵亦(yi)全軍(jun)(jun)覆沒。
僧格(ge)林(lin)沁死(si)后(hou),謚曰“忠(zhong)”,配饗太(tai)廟,并繪像(xiang)紫光閣,其子伯彥訥謨祜襲親王(wang)爵,并賞“博多勒(le)噶臺(tai)”王(wang)號。光緒年間,清廷在今(jin)地安門東大(da)街路北為僧格(ge)林(lin)沁立(li)專祠,名“顯忠(zhong)祠”,春秋致祭(ji)。
清代(dai)統治者入主中(zhong)原后,將八(ba)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)制(zhi)度變為(wei)(wei)純粹的(de)軍事(shi)組織,八(ba)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)子(zi)弟(di),盡(jin)僉(qian)為(wei)(wei)兵,“以清語、騎(qi)射(she)為(wei)(wei)務”,實行世襲兵役制(zhi)。乾隆皇帝(di)曾說(shuo):“朕常躬率(lv)八(ba)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)臣仆(pu),行圍較獵,時以學習(xi)國語,練習(xi)騎(qi)射(she),操(cao)練技勇,諄切訓誨,此欲(yu)率(lv)由(you)舊章,以傳(chuan)奕祀,永綿福(fu)祚。”簡言之,為(wei)(wei)大清江山千秋萬代(dai)計,滿文不能失傳(chuan),兵權不能旁(pang)落。然而,到了(le)道(dao)光(guang)年間八(ba)旗(qi)(qi)(qi)軍隊已經不堪一(yi)擊了(le),幸好(hao)還有(you)僧格林沁(qin)率(lv)領的(de)蒙古騎(qi)兵尚稱勁(jing)旅,能與(yu)曾國藩、左宗棠的(de)湘(xiang)軍和李鴻章的(de)淮(huai)軍相提并(bing)論。
僧(seng)格林沁一死,清廷從(cong)此喪失了(le)滿蒙(meng)八旗(qi)的勁(jing)旅(lv),軍(jun)權(quan)漸次落入湘軍(jun)、淮軍(jun)手中(zhong),清廷能(neng)不震掉?!從(cong)這個意(yi)義上講,僧(seng)格林沁確是一位清末標志性的人物。