芒果视频下载

墓地介紹

一、固(gu)原(yuan)北朝、隋(sui)唐墓地的歷史文化(hua)內涵

固原北(bei)朝(chao)、隋唐(tang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地的(de)建造時間為(wei)公元6～7世紀,歷經北(bei)周(zhou)、隋、唐(tang)三個王朝(chao)。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)地的(de)考(kao)(kao)古發(fa)掘始于1982年,到(dao)2004年共發(fa)掘北(bei)周(zhou)及(ji)(ji)隋唐(tang)時期大(da)、中、小型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬50余座,其中著名的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬有(you)(you)北(bei)周(zhou)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)3座、隋墓(mu)(mu)(mu)1座、唐(tang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)6座。該墓(mu)(mu)(mu)出土了大(da)量蜚聲中外的(de)反映絲綢(chou)之路文化交流與民(min)(min)族遷徙的(de)珍貴文物,典(dian)型器(qi)物有(you)(you)鎦金銀瓶、玻(bo)璃碗、金戒指、鐵刀、東羅馬金幣、薩珊(shan)銀幣、寶(bao)石(shi)印(yin)章、瓷器(qi)、銅(tong)器(qi)、壁畫等,還(huan)有(you)(you)能夠(gou)體(ti)現墓(mu)(mu)(mu)主人身世的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)志及(ji)(ji)其兩具歐羅巴(ba)人即白種人的(de)骨架(jia)。出土文物內涵豐富、博大(da)精深,具有(you)(you)不可比(bi)擬的(de)歷史、考(kao)(kao)古、民(min)(min)族與藝術研究價值。

公元4～7世(shi)紀(ji)是沙漠綠洲絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮昌(chang)盛時期(qi),長(安(an))―涼(州(zhou))之道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北路(lu)途(tu)經(jing)寧(ning)夏境內190多(duo)(duo)公里,形成了著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“蕭(xiao)關古(gu)道”,而固原(yuan)(yuan)就是古(gu)道上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)咽喉重(zhong)鎮,貢使(shi)、商賈、僧(seng)侶往來頻繁、絡繹不(bu)絕(jue),諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)民族(zu)遷(qian)徙、文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)流(liu)、宗(zong)教傳播(bo)多(duo)(duo)源于(yu)此。固原(yuan)(yuan)北朝、隋唐墓(mu)地中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)亞器物和(he)受其(qi)(qi)風(feng)格(ge)影響的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)器物,如13枚(mei)薩珊(shan)金(jin)銀(yin)幣及其(qi)(qi)仿制(zhi)品,展(zhan)現(xian)源于(yu)希臘、羅(luo)馬文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)藝術風(feng)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巴克(ke)特(te)里亞金(jin)屬制(zhi)品――鎦金(jin)銀(yin)瓶,來源于(yu)伊(yi)朗(lang)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)薩珊(shan)玻璃(li)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凸釘裝飾(shi)玻璃(li)碗(wan),微雕生命樹母(mu)題并刻有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)波斯銘文(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶石(shi)印(yin)章等,以(yi)及手握或口(kou)含金(jin)銀(yin)幣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葬俗,證實(shi)了絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)沿線(xian)(xian)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳播(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)興盛和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)交(jiao)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發達(da)。尤其(qi)(qi)是出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)7盒(he)史氏與(yu)安(an)氏墓(mu)志(zhi),記(ji)載了隋唐間活動(dong)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞索格(ge)底(di)亞那的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)特(te)人(ren)即“昭(zhao)武九姓”人(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史氏流(liu)寓原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)實(shi)。粟(su)特(te)人(ren)以(yi)擅長經(jing)商而聞名(ming)(ming)于(yu)世(shi),公元3~8世(shi)紀(ji),他們沿著(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)從(cong)撒馬爾干到長安(an)一(yi)線(xian)(xian)建立了諸(zhu)多(duo)(duo)商貿點和(he)定(ding)居(ju)(ju)聚落,操(cao)縱著(zhu)(zhu)絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國際商貿活動(dong)。有(you)些也(ye)躋身于(yu)官宦(huan)之列(lie),生活在(zai)原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)特(te)史姓人(ren)就是“因宦(huan)徙居(ju)(ju)”,他們均(jun)擔任原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)層官員。墓(mu)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發現(xian),證明(ming)了這里是絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)沿線(xian)(xian)粟(su)特(te)人(ren)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國境內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要聚居(ju)(ju)點,也(ye)為(wei)研究(jiu)(jiu)絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)沿線(xian)(xian)粟(su)特(te)人(ren)華化(hua)(hua)和(he)民族(zu)交(jiao)流(liu)提供了實(shi)物資料(liao)。經(jing)鑒定(ding),唐墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩具人(ren)骨(gu)架頭(tou)骨(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)顱面(mian)形態具有(you)白種人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征,史籍中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)關于(yu)粟(su)特(te)人(ren)面(mian)貌(mao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記(ji)述有(you)歐羅(luo)巴人(ren)種特(te)征。依(yi)據體(ti)質人(ren)類學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)(jiu)結果,把(ba)歐羅(luo)巴人(ren)分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最東界從(cong)新疆東部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)哈密地區(qu)推進到了寧(ning)夏南部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固原(yuan)(yuan)地區(qu),具有(you)特(te)別的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義,進一(yi)步說(shuo)明(ming)絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)(chou)之路(lu)上(shang)原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)人(ren)種分(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性。

北(bei)(bei)朝時(shi)(shi)期,固(gu)原(yuan)是著(zhu)名的(de)北(bei)(bei)方軍(jun)鎮之(zhi)一,這時(shi)(shi)又(you)逢絲綢之(zhi)路興(xing)旺和暢通(tong)的(de)重要時(shi)(shi)期。固(gu)原(yuan)西南郊成為(wei)古(gu)人(ren)埋葬(zang)的(de)理(li)想之(zhi)地,不乏(fa)高官在這里(li)營(ying)造(zao)大(da)型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)。迄今(jin)已發掘北(bei)(bei)朝時(shi)(shi)期墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)十幾座,其(qi)中北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)大(da)型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)3座,即柱國(guo)大(da)將軍(jun)、原(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)李(li)賢夫婦合葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),原(yuan)、鹽(yan)、靈、會、交五(wu)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)諸(zhu)軍(jun)事、原(yuan)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)刺(ci)史(shi)宇文(wen)猛(meng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu),柱國(guo)大(da)將軍(jun)田(tian)弘墓(mu)(mu)(mu)。這3座權臣的(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)呈東西一線并(bing)列分布(bu),自李(li)賢墓(mu)(mu)(mu)到宇文(wen)猛(meng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)距(ju)離(li)(li)為(wei)1.72公(gong)里(li),宇文(wen)猛(meng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)到田(tian)弘墓(mu)(mu)(mu)距(ju)離(li)(li)為(wei)0.67公(gong)里(li)。營(ying)造(zao)時(shi)(shi)間前后相距(ju)10年,宇文(wen)猛(meng)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)造(zao)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)保定(ding)五(wu)年(565),李(li)賢墓(mu)(mu)(mu)造(zao)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)天(tian)和四(si)年(569),田(tian)弘墓(mu)(mu)(mu)造(zao)于(yu)北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)建德四(si)年(575)。這些(xie)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)中出土了(le)大(da)批蜚聲(sheng)中外的(de)文(wen)物,尤以(yi)鎦金銀壺、凸釘裝飾玻璃碗等國(guo)寶級文(wen)物而著(zhu)稱。

隋唐(tang)時期的(de)(de)著名墓(mu)葬主要有(you)粟特人(ren)史(shi)(shi)(shi)姓墓(mu)葬6座,即大隋正(zheng)議大夫右(you)領軍(jun)驃(piao)騎將軍(jun)史(shi)(shi)(shi)射勿墓(mu)(隋大業五年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元609年(nian)(nian)),大唐(tang)故左親衛史(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)洛墓(mu)(唐(tang)顯慶三年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元658年(nian)(nian)),大唐(tang)故朝請(qing)大夫平涼(liang)郡都尉史(shi)(shi)(shi)索巖與夫人(ren)安(an)娘合葬墓(mu)(唐(tang)麟德元年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元664年(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)游擊將軍(jun)、虢州刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)、直中書省史(shi)(shi)(shi)訶(he)耽墓(mu)(唐(tang)總章二年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元669年(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)司馭(yu)寺右(you)十七監(jian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵棒墓(mu)(唐(tang)咸亨元年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元670年(nian)(nian)),唐(tang)給(gei)事郎蘭(lan)池(chi)正(zheng)監(jian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)德墓(mu)(唐(tang)儀(yi)風三年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元678年(nian)(nian))。還有(you)一座非史(shi)(shi)(shi)姓的(de)(de)大周(zhou)處(chu)士梁元珍墓(mu)(唐(tang)圣歷二年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元699年(nian)(nian))。另外,南塬(yuan)上的(de)(de)諸多(duo)唐(tang)代中、小型(xing)墓(mu)葬,其中唐(tang)M29中的(de)(de)兩(liang)具人(ren)骨架,為男女合葬,經人(ren)骨鑒(jian)定(ding),均(jun)為白種人(ren)。

固原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)北(bei)(bei)朝(chao)(chao)、隋唐(tang)墓地具有深(shen)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)內(nei)涵,見(jian)證(zheng)了絲綢之路(lu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)交流。南北(bei)(bei)朝(chao)(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)絲綢之路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)興盛期(qi),大量帶有或受(shou)中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)波(bo)斯風格影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)方(fang)(fang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)向東傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播,而原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州及固原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)正處于這條傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)播路(lu)線的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心位(wei)置,原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)州的(de)(de)(de)(de)考古發(fa)現把地中(zhong)海、伊朗(lang)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、蒙古高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、黃土(tu)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、朝(chao)(chao)鮮半島、日(ri)(ri)本(ben)海島緊密聯(lian)系(xi)起來。戎裝甲胄、佩(pei)刀、金(jin)銀玻璃器(qi)皿、貨(huo)幣(bi)等中(zhong)西(xi)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)文(wen)物在北(bei)(bei)魏、北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)墓葬(zang)中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)土(tu),便是(shi)(shi)(shi)有力的(de)(de)(de)(de)證(zheng)據。這些隨葬(zang)品中(zhong),部分器(qi)物來自(zi)中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和波(bo)斯地區,或受(shou)其文(wen)化(hua)(hua)影(ying)響(xiang)。北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)李(li)賢(xian)(xian)夫婦墓中(zhong)有4件器(qi)物來自(zi)中(zhong)西(xi)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。鎦(liu)金(jin)銀壺(hu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)件具有薩珊(shan)(shan)風格的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)制(zhi)品,是(shi)(shi)(shi)希臘化(hua)(hua)對(dui)巴克特利亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)地區影(ying)響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產物;凸釘裝飾玻璃碗是(shi)(shi)(shi)典(dian)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)薩珊(shan)(shan)朝(chao)(chao)制(zhi)品,其上凸起的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹球面(mian)裝飾在帕(pa)提亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、薩珊(shan)(shan)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)伊朗(lang)高(gao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)上一(yi)度很(hen)流行;鑲寶石金(jin)戒(jie)指,戒(jie)面(mian)藍色寶石上微雕手執(zhi)弧(hu)形花環的(de)(de)(de)(de)裸體人物,其母題(ti)來自(zi)薩珊(shan)(shan),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)產地是(shi)(shi)(shi)薩珊(shan)(shan)或中(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)某地;銀裝鐵刀的(de)(de)(de)(de)佩(pei)系(xi)方(fang)(fang)法,是(shi)(shi)(shi)公元(yuan)5世(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(shi)西(xi)土(tu)爾其斯坦發(fa)明,約在公元(yuan)6世(shi)紀(ji)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)到我國,并逐步取代傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)式(shi)佩(pei)系(xi)法,后又經過中(zhong)國傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)入日(ri)(ri)本(ben)。另外(wai),李(li)賢(xian)(xian)墓、宇文(wen)猛墓、田弘墓中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具裝甲騎俑(yong)和武士俑(yong)、吹奏樂(le)俑(yong)及出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)伎樂(le)壁畫,反映出(chu)(chu)來自(zi)中(zhong)西(xi)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)樂(le)舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。墓葬(zang)中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)東羅馬金(jin)銀幣(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)交流的(de)(de)(de)(de)又一(yi)重要實物見(jian)證(zheng)。

隋唐(tang)(tang)間(jian)是絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)榮昌盛時(shi)期,隋唐(tang)(tang)墓(mu)地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土了(le)一(yi)(yi)批反(fan)映中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu),再現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)固原(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絲路(lu)(lu)重鎮(zhen)地(di)(di)位。史(shi)射勿墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)枚金(jin)戒指(zhi),正中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)鑲(xiang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寶(bao)石,這種(zhong)鑲(xiang)寶(bao)石戒指(zhi)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)、西(xi)亞(ya)傳入的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。史(shi)訶耽墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍色寶(bao)石印章(zhang),在(zai)(zai)寶(bao)石上(shang)雕刻圖案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法,流(liu)(liu)行(xing)于(yu)傳入中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)方文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu),其(qi)(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)銘文(wen)(wen)(wen)屬古波(bo)斯(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)帕勒維文(wen)(wen)(wen),是薩珊王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)祈禱文(wen)(wen)(wen)。出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石門(men)門(men)額刻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)聯(lian)(lian)珠紋,內填怪獸(shou),聯(lian)(lian)珠紋起源(yuan)于(yu)薩珊,在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)地(di)(di)區(qu)流(liu)(liu)行(xing)后(hou)東(dong)漸傳入我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo),在(zai)(zai)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)限,初唐(tang)(tang)以后(hou)即衰(shuai)落。史(shi)道德墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)覆(fu)面(mian),獸(shou)面(mian)金(jin)飾(shi)、動物(wu)紋圓(yuan)形金(jin)飾(shi)等(deng)器物(wu),均表(biao)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)出西(xi)亞(ya)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)風(feng)格。覆(fu)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葬(zang)俗(su)(su)(su)與波(bo)斯(si)(si)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)覆(fu)面(mian)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)著千絲萬縷(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)額飾(shi)上(shang)半月形間(jian)托(tuo)一(yi)(yi)圓(yuan)形,圓(yuan)形或表(biao)示太(tai)陽,與西(xi)亞(ya)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)崇拜日月的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)關。墓(mu)地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)口(kou)含(han)(han)(han)金(jin)幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葬(zang)俗(su)(su)(su)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)地(di)(di)區(qu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)著密(mi)切聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)。東(dong)羅馬金(jin)幣(bi)出土時(shi)均放置在(zai)(zai)墓(mu)主人頭部,史(shi)道德墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)幣(bi)含(han)(han)(han)在(zai)(zai)口(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。這種(zhong)口(kou)含(han)(han)(han)金(jin)幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)埋葬(zang)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)與古希臘神話有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)著聯(lian)(lian)系(xi)(xi)。據說,人去世(shi)后(hou)要到遙遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)獄世(shi)界,靈魂要由(you)赫爾墨斯(si)(si)領至冥(ming)界的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)口(kou),再由(you)卡戎(rong)用渡船運(yun)過斯(si)(si)蒂克斯(si)(si)河,人們要付給卡戎(rong)擺渡錢,而希臘人把(ba)這種(zhong)錢置于(yu)死者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)口(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),后(hou)來羅馬人沿襲了(le)這一(yi)(yi)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)。20世(shi)紀(ji)后(hou)半期在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)地(di)(di)區(qu)發(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從(cong)(cong)公元1～8世(shi)紀(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)許多(duo)墓(mu)葬(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),都見有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)死者(zhe)口(kou)含(han)(han)(han)或手握金(jin)銀幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang),而在(zai)(zai)古希臘墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)含(han)(han)(han)幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)比中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)地(di)(di)區(qu)要早(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo),約(yue)從(cong)(cong)公元前(qian)5至4世(shi)紀(ji)開始。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)境內古代(dai)乃至近現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)均流(liu)(liu)傳有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)死者(zhe)口(kou)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)玉或含(han)(han)(han)珠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)葬(zang)俗(su)(su)(su),但沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)死者(zhe)口(kou)含(han)(han)(han)錢幣(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)。固原(yuan)(yuan)史(shi)系(xi)(xi)家族墓(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這種(zhong)葬(zang)俗(su)(su)(su),無疑是他們保留(liu)祖上(shang)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)埋葬(zang)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)。不難看出,從(cong)(cong)北(bei)朝至隋唐(tang)(tang)間(jian),隨著中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)達,絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)商(shang)賈絡(luo)繹不絕,各(ge)種(zhong)西(xi)亞(ya)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)俗(su)(su)(su)、遺物(wu)源(yuan)源(yuan)不斷流(liu)(liu)傳到中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo),固原(yuan)(yuan)作為絲路(lu)(lu)關隘要塞(sai)重鎮(zhen),發(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)諸多(duo)反(fan)映中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遺物(wu)就(jiu)是自(zi)然(ran)之(zhi)事了(le)。尤其(qi)(qi)史(shi)系(xi)(xi)家族本身作為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)粟特人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)裔,又(you)是絲綢之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)權臣,充(chong)當經(jing)貿(mao)往來、文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間(jian)媒介是情理(li)所在(zai)(zai),從(cong)(cong)另一(yi)(yi)方面(mian)也證實了(le)隋唐(tang)(tang)間(jian)發(fa)達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流(liu)(liu)。

二、固原北朝、隋(sui)唐墓地的普遍價值(zhi)

固原北朝、隋唐(tang)(tang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)彰顯了人類的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創(chuang)造(zao)(zao)精神,體現(xian)(xian)(xian)了中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)塋理念。古人選(xuan)擇地(di)勢平坦、視(shi)野開闊、背山(shan)面水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理想(xiang)之(zhi)地(di)作為死者靈魂(hun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安息(xi)之(zhi)所。該(gai)(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)背靠白馬(ma)山(shan),面臨(lin)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)河,塬地(di)開闊,環(huan)境優美,符(fu)(fu)合(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國堪(kan)輿(yu)學中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風水(shui)(shui)觀(guan)。大型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)構(gou)(gou)建,盛行(xing)(xing)長(chang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)、多(duo)天(tian)(tian)井(jing),出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諸多(duo)壁畫,鎮(zhen)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)俑、出(chu)行(xing)(xing)儀仗俑、侍(shi)仆舞(wu)樂俑、庖櫥用具等(deng)器物,一(yi)方(fang)面象(xiang)征墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)具有模仿主人生前(qian)居所的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)完備形式(shi),體現(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)進院落的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風格,另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面說明(ming)死者靈魂(hun)仍然(ran)能夠享受(shou)生前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飲食起居與榮華富貴(gui)。這(zhe)正(zheng)是(shi)古人視(shi)死如生美好愿(yuan)望的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實反映(ying)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)流行(xing)(xing)長(chang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)、多(duo)天(tian)(tian)井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)做法,無論(lun)是(shi)庶(shu)人還(huan)是(shi)品(pin)官,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)都有3～7個不等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)井(jing),這(zhe)種現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)在(zai)(zai)同(tong)一(yi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian),十分罕見。而該(gai)(gai)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)天(tian)(tian)井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian),與這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)質條件密切相關,充分考慮(lv)了黃土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失陷性(xing)特征。在(zai)(zai)營造(zao)(zao)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)時(shi),容易塌陷,不適宜(yi)構(gou)(gou)筑長(chang)坡(po)(po)洞墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao),所以在(zai)(zai)長(chang)斜坡(po)(po)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)上(shang)開鑿天(tian)(tian)井(jing),以滿足古人在(zai)(zai)構(gou)(gou)建大規模墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)禮儀需要(yao)。長(chang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)、多(duo)天(tian)(tian)井(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)形式(shi),是(shi)長(chang)時(shi)間(jian)演(yan)變與創(chuang)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果。另(ling)外,墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)結構(gou)(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)明(ming)顯特征就(jiu)是(shi)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)與天(tian)(tian)井(jing)上(shang)寬下窄,這(zhe)樣(yang)既便于施工,節省勞(lao)動時(shi)間(jian),又有利于穩定結構(gou)(gou),反映(ying)了隋唐(tang)(tang)間(jian)人們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)埋葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)思想(xiang)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深度(du)距(ju)地(di)表均(jun)有10尺(chi)(chi)左右(you),符(fu)(fu)合(he)隋唐(tang)(tang)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)造(zao)(zao)塋制度(du)。隋唐(tang)(tang)時(shi),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)距(ju)地(di)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深淺,皆有丈尺(chi)(chi),并規定若干吉(ji)尺(chi)(chi)。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)隋唐(tang)(tang)時(shi)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8座(zuo)(zuo)大型墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),有4座(zuo)(zuo)深度(du)屬吉(ji)尺(chi)(chi),有4座(zuo)(zuo)非(fei)吉(ji)尺(chi)(chi),但誤差均(jun)在(zai)(zai)1尺(chi)(chi)以下,若考慮(lv)換算(suan)誤差、水(shui)(shui)土(tu)流失等(deng)因素(su),埋葬(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)深度(du)應(ying)該(gai)(gai)是(shi)按照堪(kan)輿(yu)吉(ji)尺(chi)(chi)而衡定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

固原(yuan)北(bei)(bei)朝、隋(sui)(sui)(sui)唐墓(mu)(mu)地體現(xian)(xian)了4～7世紀絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)繁(fan)盛(sheng)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)寧(ning)夏(xia)段上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)化交(jiao)流(liu)、商(shang)業(ye)貿易、粟(su)特(te)民(min)族徙居與(yu)(yu)融(rong)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)事實,對(dui)研究中(zhong)(zhong)古(gu)(gu)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)沿(yan)線(xian)寧(ning)夏(xia)段發(fa)(fa)達(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化、商(shang)業(ye)貿易及粟(su)特(te)人(ren)(ren)甚至歐羅巴(ba)人(ren)(ren)華(hua)化產(chan)生(sheng)了最(zui)重(zhong)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響,展示了文(wen)(wen)化與(yu)(yu)民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)多元性。墓(mu)(mu)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)掘,在學術界與(yu)(yu)考古(gu)(gu)界產(chan)生(sheng)了重(zhong)大(da)(da)影(ying)響。這些大(da)(da)型墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主人(ren)(ren)具有(you)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)社會地位,是統治王朝的(de)(de)(de)(de)權臣,曾(ceng)在絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)沿(yan)線(xian)重(zhong)鎮擔任要職(zhi),對(dui)確保絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)暢通(tong)無阻(zu)發(fa)(fa)揮過重(zhong)要作用,可(ke)以(yi)說,他們是著名的(de)(de)(de)(de)絲(si)路(lu)(lu)人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)。墓(mu)(mu)地中(zhong)(zhong)出土的(de)(de)(de)(de)眾(zhong)多中(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)亞文(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)絢麗多彩、內(nei)涵豐(feng)富、風格獨特(te)、精美無比,再現(xian)(xian)了絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)一線(xian)文(wen)(wen)化交(jiao)流(liu)由西(xi)向東逐漸傳播(bo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過程以(yi)及對(dui)絲(si)綢(chou)(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)沿(yan)線(xian)商(shang)業(ye)貿易所(suo)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)影(ying)響。墓(mu)(mu)地中(zhong)(zhong)出土了大(da)(da)批珍貴壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),是北(bei)(bei)朝隋(sui)(sui)(sui)唐間墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)。北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)李賢夫婦合葬(zang)墓(mu)(mu)在墓(mu)(mu)道、過洞(dong)、天(tian)井(jing)、甬道、墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)繪有(you)手(shou)(shou)持(chi)或肩(jian)扛儀刀(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)士、門(men)樓、侍女等內(nei)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),宇文(wen)(wen)猛墓(mu)(mu)僅存(cun)第五(wu)天(tian)井(jing)東一幅武(wu)士圖(tu),田弘墓(mu)(mu)在墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)及甬道繪有(you)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),隋(sui)(sui)(sui)史(shi)(shi)射(she)勿墓(mu)(mu)在墓(mu)(mu)道、天(tian)井(jing)、過洞(dong)和墓(mu)(mu)室(shi)繪制(zhi)手(shou)(shou)持(chi)儀刀(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)士、手(shou)(shou)持(chi)笏板的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)官、門(men)樓、侍女等內(nei)容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),唐史(shi)(shi)索巖墓(mu)(mu)保存(cun)有(you)第五(wu)過洞(dong)上(shang)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)一幅朱(zhu)雀圖(tu)。這些壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)豐(feng)富、繪制(zhi)水平較高(gao),尤其(qi)是北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)墓(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua),人(ren)(ren)物(wu)(wu)面部畫(hua)(hua)法與(yu)(yu)敦煌(huang)西(xi)魏北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)窟(ku)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)像面部畫(hua)(hua)法近(jin)似,說明當時(shi)(shi)原(yuan)州與(yu)(yu)敦煌(huang)地區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)畫(hua)(hua)工集團之(zhi)間存(cun)在著某種交(jiao)流(liu),并填補了西(xi)魏至北(bei)(bei)周(zhou)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)史(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空白,是北(bei)(bei)朝畫(hua)(hua)跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian),具有(you)十(shi)分重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)意義。隋(sui)(sui)(sui)史(shi)(shi)射(she)勿墓(mu)(mu)是一座大(da)(da)型壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)墓(mu)(mu),為(wei)隋(sui)(sui)(sui)代(dai)考古(gu)(gu)所(suo)稀(xi)見,豐(feng)富了這個時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)壁(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)畫(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容(rong)(rong),藝術價(jia)值極(ji)高(gao)。

墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)發(fa)現(xian)了(le)隋(sui)唐(tang)(tang)時期“昭武九(jiu)姓(xing)”之(zhi)一的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)系粟(su)特(te)人(ren)(ren)(ren)家族(zu)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang),出土(tu)7盒(he)墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即(ji)《隋(sui)正(zheng)議大夫(fu)右領軍驃騎將軍史(shi)(shi)(shi)射勿(wu)墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》、《唐(tang)(tang)故(gu)左親(qin)衛史(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)洛墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》、《唐(tang)(tang)故(gu)朝請大夫(fu)平(ping)涼郡都尉史(shi)(shi)(shi)索巖夫(fu)婦墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》、《唐(tang)(tang)游擊將軍、虢州刺史(shi)(shi)(shi)、直中(zhong)(zhong)書省(sheng)史(shi)(shi)(shi)訶耽墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》、《唐(tang)(tang)司馭寺右十(shi)七監(jian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵棒(bang)墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》、《唐(tang)(tang)給事郎蘭池正(zheng)監(jian)史(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)德墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》,反映了(le)絲綢之(zhi)路上的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)族(zu)遷(qian)徙與(yu)交融。這(zhe)些墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具有(you)(you)極高的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)價值,不(bu)僅(jin)記載(zai)(zai)了(le)墓(mu)(mu)主人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)生平(ping)事跡,而且(qie)從(cong)墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記載(zai)(zai)分(fen)析(xi)可知,墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)主人(ren)(ren)(ren)屬中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)粟(su)特(te)僑民(min)(min),即(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)“昭武九(jiu)姓(xing)”之(zhi)一的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing),他們是(shi)沿著絲綢之(zhi)路一線(xian)逐步遷(qian)徙落(luo)籍(ji)固原的(de)(de)(de),并擔任地(di)(di)方中(zhong)(zhong)高級(ji)官職。更重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi),這(zhe)為研(yan)究當時落(luo)籍(ji)固原的(de)(de)(de)史(shi)(shi)(shi)系家族(zu)及(ji)粟(su)特(te)人(ren)(ren)(ren)東遷(qian)后的(de)(de)(de)許多(duo)歷史(shi)(shi)(shi)問題提供了(le)實物資料(liao)。墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)還有(you)(you)諸多(duo)下(xia)層(ceng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)墓(mu)(mu)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)記載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)小型(xing)墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang),體(ti)現(xian)了(le)墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)擁有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群的(de)(de)(de)多(duo)樣性。墓(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)展示的(de)(de)(de)葬(zang)(zang)俗(su),不(bu)論是(shi)上層(ceng)達官,還是(shi)下(xia)層(ceng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士,也不(bu)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)國的(de)(de)(de)漢(han)民(min)(min)族(zu)與(yu)外(wai)國粟(su)特(te)僑民(min)(min),墓(mu)(mu)葬(zang)(zang)形(xing)制均使用墓(mu)(mu)道(dao)洞室墓(mu)(mu),一律實行(xing)土(tu)葬(zang)(zang),葬(zang)(zang)俗(su)完全本土(tu)化(hua),充分(fen)說明了(le)不(bu)同(tong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)種在同(tong)一地(di)(di)區生活的(de)(de)(de)趨同(tong)化(hua),也表現(xian)出了(le)文化(hua)從(cong)多(duo)元(yuan)向(xiang)一體(ti)交融發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)過程(cheng)。

固(gu)原(yuan)北朝(chao)(chao)、隋(sui)唐(tang)(tang)墓地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深厚(hou)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)內(nei)涵,為(wei)曾經發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明和已(yi)(yi)經消逝(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)特(te)民族(zu)(zu)及(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)傳統(tong)提供了(le)特(te)殊(shu)見證(zheng)。恢弘龐雜、貫通(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu),已(yi)(yi)被(bei)現代(dai)(dai)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明程度更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柏油坦蕩之(zhi)路(lu)取代(dai)(dai),昔日駝鈴聲(sheng)(sheng)聲(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)商(shang)隊不(bu)復存在,取而代(dai)(dai)之(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)疾馳(chi)往(wang)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)車輛(liang)。只有沿(yan)線(xian)遺留(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古跡、遺址、城垣、墓地(di)(di)見證(zheng)著(zhu)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輝煌與(yu)偉(wei)大(da),訴說著(zhu)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)曾經發生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)切。該墓地(di)(di)便(bian)是(shi)一(yi)例,靜謐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓地(di)(di),拂去歷史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塵(chen)封,揭開神秘(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面紗,顯示(shi)出(chu)了(le)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)發達的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流(liu)、商(shang)業(ye)貿易與(yu)民族(zu)(zu)遷徙(xi)融合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事實(shi),為(wei)北朝(chao)(chao)隋(sui)唐(tang)(tang)間中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流(liu)、人種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多樣(yang)性和外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)僑(qiao)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)華化(hua)提供了(le)獨特(te)而又特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)見證(zheng)。墓地(di)(di)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu),尤其是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu),反映(ying)出(chu)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)上(shang)(shang)商(shang)貿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁榮,使得中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)亞(ya)各種(zhong)(zhong)奢侈品源(yuan)源(yuan)不(bu)斷(duan)運(yun)來,并(bing)留(liu)在了(le)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)路(lu)重鎮固(gu)原(yuan),有些(xie)伴隨著(zhu)主人到了(le)靈魂世界,仍(reng)相廝守(shou)。同時,該墓地(di)(di)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)內(nei)發掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)模最大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)粟(su)特(te)人墓葬(zang)群,不(bu)啻為(wei)粟(su)特(te)人創造的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明和已(yi)(yi)經消亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)特(te)人提供了(le)特(te)殊(shu)見證(zheng)。隋(sui)唐(tang)(tang)時期,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)史(shi)籍把活(huo)(huo)動于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)地(di)(di)區阿姆河與(yu)錫爾河之(zhi)間索格底亞(ya)那地(di)(di)區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)特(te)人統(tong)稱為(wei)“昭武九(jiu)姓(xing)(xing)”,即(ji)康(kang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、何國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、米(mi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、史(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、曹(cao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、石(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、安國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、火(huo)尋、戊地(di)(di)九(jiu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。流(liu)寓(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粟(su)特(te)人,均(jun)以國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing),素以善(shan)于(yu)經商(shang)著(zhu)稱于(yu)世,利之(zhi)所在,不(bu)遠千里,他們通(tong)(tong)過(guo)絲(si)(si)(si)(si)綢(chou)之(zhi)路(lu)來往(wang)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)間,進(jin)行國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際商(shang)貿活(huo)(huo)動,且擔當了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)西(xi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)交流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳播者。固(gu)原(yuan)發掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)系(xi)家族(zu)(zu)墓葬(zang)便(bian)屬“昭武九(jiu)姓(xing)(xing)”之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)姓(xing)(xing)。墓葬(zang)中(zhong)(zhong)出(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓志及(ji)(ji)相關(guan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu),是(shi)研究史(shi)系(xi)家族(zu)(zu)以及(ji)(ji)其他外(wai)(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)僑(qiao)民在中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)內(nei)生活(huo)(huo)狀況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴實(shi)物(wu)資料。