百壽坊(fang)(fang),亦稱朱家牌坊(fang)(fang),清乾隆三十年(1765年)為翰林院孔目(mu)贈儒(ru)林郎(lang)朱叔琪妻孔氏而建(jian),因(yin)雕有(you)一百個(ge)不同書體的壽字而得名。坊(fang)(fang)以青色魚子狀石灰巖構成,通高l3米(mi)、寬8米(mi),四柱三間三層樓閣式(shi)建(jian)筑。
百獅(shi)坊(fang)獨特之處,牌坊(fang)坊(fang)座雕有8頭(tou)矯健雄獅(shi)昂首遠(yuan)望,8條出(chu)水蚊(wen)龍繞柱回舞(wu),額(e)枋上飾滿盛開牡丹,與(yu)正間(jian)上下額(e)枋祥云間(jian)翩翩飛舞(wu)的5只透雕仙鶴、次間(jian)上額(e)枋浮雕的相對(dui)翱翔之鸞鳳構成了具有無窮魅(mei)力之藝術佳作,寓(yu)意(yi)“福(fu)壽萬(wan)年”、“富貴無媲(pi)”或“喜上眉(mei)梢”。
百壽坊(fang)(fang)雕(diao)刻內(nei)容除(chu)獅(shi)(shi)、龍、牡(mu)丹(dan)外,還(huan)有鶴(he)(he)、鳳、梅(mei)(mei)花等奇花異卉(hui)。其(qi)構(gou)筑精巧宏偉,雕(diao)刻精致生(sheng)動,可(ke)與(yu)百獅(shi)(shi)坊(fang)(fang)媲(pi)美。甭(beng)說那矯捷神俊(jun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雄(xiong)獅(shi)(shi),繞柱(zhu)回舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛟龍,滿飾額(e)枋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牡(mu)丹(dan),單(dan)說那正間上(shang)下(xia)額(e)枋祥(xiang)云(yun)間翩翩飛舞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)只透雕(diao)仙鶴(he)(he)和次(ci)間上(shang)額(e)枋浮(fu)雕(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)引頸鳴唱、相對翱(ao)翔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙鳳,就有無(wu)窮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)魅力。獅(shi)(shi)座下(xia)左右(you)面浮(fu)雕(diao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形方形蟠螭、鶴(he)(he)圖(tu)案(an),刀(dao)法簡潔(jie)洗(xi)練,造(zao)型古樸優(you)美,獅(shi)(shi)后夾(jia)柱(zhu)板上(shang)各浮(fu)雕(diao)四幅(fu)花鳥畫,有牡(mu)丹(dan)舞蝶(die),寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)富貴無(wu)媲(pi);牡(mu)丹(dan)芙蓉,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)榮華富貴;梅(mei)(mei)花喜(xi)鵲,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)喜(xi)上(shang)眉梢;梅(mei)(mei)竹綬帶,寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)齊眉祝壽。還(huan)有桃(tao)花春燕、山茶錦雞、水仙海(hai)棠、秋葵玉蘭等,構(gou)圖(tu)新(xin)穎,雕(diao)刻精致,花卉(hui)爭奇斗(dou)艷,蟲羽生(sheng)動逼真。
百獅(shi)坊(fang),被譽為天下一坊(fang),在今單縣(xian)城內牌坊(fang)街中(zhong)段。因(yin)其(qi)夾(jia)(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)精(jing)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一百個姿態(tai)各異的石(shi)獅(shi)子(zi)而得名,寓(yu)有(you)百事(獅(shi))如(ru)意,百世(獅(shi))多壽(獸(shou))之意。乃清乾隆四(si)十三(san)年(nian)(1778年(nian))為贈文林(lin)郎張蒲(pu)妻朱氏而建,全(quan)(quan)石(shi)結(jie)(jie)構,高14米(mi),寬9米(mi),四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)三(san)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)五樓式(shi),正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)單檐,次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)正(zheng)(zheng)檐,歇(xie)山頂,全(quan)(quan)部石(shi)砌(qi)。坊(fang)座八(ba)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)群獅(shi)八(ba)組,大(da)(da)獅(shi)子(zi)獰(ning)猛崢嶸,小獅(shi)子(zi)環繞(rao)戲耍(shua)。每(mei)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)前、左、右三(san)面(mian)均浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)松獅(shi)圖。四(si)柱(zhu)(zhu)和(he)(he)枋額(e)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍(long)(long),其(qi)它部位也透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)加浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)云(yun)龍(long)(long)旋舞,珍禽異獸(shou)、花(hua)卉圖案。百獅(shi)坊(fang)正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)樓檐下六朵斗拱,次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下檐下各三(san)朵斗拱。全(quan)(quan)枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)架有(you)致,搭配(pei)均衡,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)的獅(shi)子(zi)、云(yun)龍(long)(long)、牡丹、吻獸(shou)、象(xiang)尊等,均惟(wei)妙(miao)惟(wei)肖,栩栩如(ru)生,剛柔(rou)相濟,神態(tai)協(xie)調。八(ba)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)(jia)柱(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)八(ba)組雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)百個石(shi)獅(shi)。大(da)(da)獅(shi)巨頭(tou)卷毛突目(mu),隆鼻闊口利齒(chi),巍然蹲(dun)踞,矯捷威猛。每(mei)個大(da)(da)獅(shi)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)攀伏著(zhu)五個小獅(shi)。獅(shi)座前左右三(san)面(mian)浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)圓形(xing)松獅(shi)圖,幼獅(shi)三(san)三(san)兩兩,蹦跳翻滾,爭(zheng)戲繡球。每(mei)根(gen)(gen)立柱(zhu)(zhu)透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)四(si)條(tiao)蛟龍(long)(long),在柔(rou)美飄逸的祥 云(yun)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)卷舒出沒,盤(pan)旋回舞。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)下額(e)枋、次(ci)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)額(e)枋及正(zheng)(zheng)檐下“圣旨”匾四(si)周鏤空透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)二龍(long)(long)戲珠(zhu),雕(diao)(diao)(diao)龍(long)(long)懸目(mu)奮爪,搖頭(tou)擺尾,如(ru)騰似飛。正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)中(zhong)額(e)枋上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)分(fen)三(san)層鏤空透(tou)(tou)(tou)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)串(chuan)枝牡丹,給人以五彩(cai)繽紛、香沁肺腑之感。樓檐下獸(shou)斗花(hua)拱,如(ru)意枋板(ban)承托。脊(ji)和(he)(he)檐角上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)配(pei)的吻獸(shou)、象(xiang)尊、岔獸(shou)、魚、海馬、跑獸(shou)皆造(zao)型優美,生動(dong)傳神。吻尾外卷張口吞脊(ji),每(mei)個吻獸(shou)身(shen)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)又浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)兩條(tiao)游龍(long)(long)。正(zheng)(zheng)脊(ji)中(zhong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)塑二龍(long)(long)朝天,相托一珠(zhu)瓶類飾物(wu)。其(qi)他部位也均浮(fu)(fu)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)、平(ping)雕(diao)(diao)(diao)有(you)雙龍(long)(long)、牡丹、菊(ju)花(hua)、團鶴、團壽等吉(ji)祥圖,正(zheng)(zheng)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)下枋板(ban)的孔鼻上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)還雕(diao)(diao)(diao)一懸掛石(shi)鳥籠,微(wei)風吹來,石(shi)鳥翩(pian)(pian)翩(pian)(pian)展翅,呤叮(ding)作鳴。整座牌坊(fang)結(jie)(jie)構精(jing)巧,宏偉(wei)壯觀,雕(diao)(diao)(diao)刻(ke)精(jing)細,玲瓏剔透(tou)(tou)(tou),繁而不亂,主次(ci)分(fen)明。
百壽(shou)坊(fang)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪之(zhi)妻孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)所(suo)立。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)是(shi)單(dan)縣(xian)富戶,有土地(di)20多(duo)萬(wan)畝,祖父朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)廷煥做過(guo)大名(ming)府(fu)兵道副使(shi),朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪憑祖蔭財富,乾(qian)隆年(nian)(nian)間入了(le)翰林院任孔(kong)(kong)目,娶了(le)曲(qu)阜(fu)孔(kong)(kong)家(jia)姑娘,眾人(ren)送名(ming)鵝(e)鴨(ya)公(gong)主(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi),孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)指(zhi)間有皮相連,形如鵝(e)鴨(ya)足指(zhi),難(nan)攀高門,才嫁給位卑(bei)(bei)官小的(de)(de)(de)(de)朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪。孔(kong)(kong)家(jia)為(wei)(wei)了(le)顯(xian)示門第高貴(gui),提出要朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)一(yi)(yi)步一(yi)(yi)個元寶擺到(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)。朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)用(yong)元寶雙趟擺到(dao)曲(qu)阜(fu)。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)嫁后(hou)不到(dao)10年(nian)(nian),朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪病逝。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)才26歲,求單(dan)縣(xian)知(zhi)縣(xian)“點主(zhu)”,知(zhi)縣(xian)嫌朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)叔(shu)琪位卑(bei)(bei)品低,家(jia)產(chan)雖然多(duo),是(shi)土鱉子地(di)主(zhu),不予(yu)答(da)(da)(da)應。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)一(yi)(yi)怒之(zhi)下,赴曲(qu)阜(fu)求助(zhu)衍圣公(gong)。孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)到(dao)了(le)曲(qu)阜(fu),將(jiang)前因后(hou)果一(yi)(yi)說,衍圣公(gong)原對姑母下嫁單(dan)縣(xian)頗為(wei)(wei)不悅,現看(kan)登門求助(zhu),乃發惻隱之(zhi)心,答(da)(da)(da)應孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)去(qu)單(dan)縣(xian)“點主(zhu)”。時朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)隨(sui)孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)族人(ren)問隨(sui)行幾人(ren),衍圣公(gong)答(da)(da)(da)曰(yue):“三(san)(san)人(ren)”。不一(yi)(yi)日,衍圣公(gong)駕到(dao)單(dan)縣(xian),但見(jian)旗牌浩蕩,金鼓齊(qi)鳴,刀(dao)槍耀眼,衍圣公(gong)說帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)人(ren)乃三(san)(san)位總兵,三(san)(san)總兵分別帶了(le)數千人(ren)馬到(dao)了(le)單(dan)縣(xian),從(cong)單(dan)縣(xian)城到(dao)十(shi)里(li)(li)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)十(shi)里(li)(li)鋪(pu)駐滿(man)了(le)軍馬,井(jing)水隨(sui)之(zhi)喝干,朱(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)家(jia)不但將(jiang)城內的(de)(de)(de)(de)飯館全包下來(lai),還從(cong)四鄉十(shi)幾里(li)(li)以內買飯。單(dan)縣(xian)縣(xian)令拜見(jian)衍圣公(gong),衍圣公(gong)讓其(qi)出殯時丟紙錢。殯罷(ba)丈夫,孔(kong)(kong)氏(shi)問衍圣公(gong),我(wo)死后(hou)你怎么(me)辦(ban)?衍圣公(gong)答(da)(da)(da),只要姑母矢(shi)志(zhi)守(shou)節,撫(fu)孤成立,當奏(zou)明圣上,建(jian)坊(fang)旌表。
孔氏乃(nai)謹遵封建婦(fu)道,守寡幾十年,撫子朱(zhu)春(chun)成立(li)。死后,朱(zhu)家和孔家奏明朝延,乾隆皇(huang)帝降旨建坊旌表。皇(huang)四子履郡王亦贈詩曰:“布衣蔬食度(du)生平,喜(xi)看庭芝漸次(ci)成,月(yue)冷(leng)黃昏霜滿地(di),穗帷遙(yao)出讀書聲”。“數十年來(lai)鐵骨支(zhi),養生送死總無疵。冰操勁(jing)節光天地(di),千古常教(jiao)奉母師(shi)”。詩刻在牌坊額枋上(shang)。事后單縣知縣感慨地(di)說:“土(tu)鱉子大了(le)也咬(yao)人!”