簡介
真如寺在山西武鄉(xiang)縣(xian)城東40公里的韓北(bei)鄉(xiang)士河村中,創建(jian)于元至治三年(1323)。明(ming)弘治、清康(kang)熙、乾隆(long)年間均有增(zeng)建(jian)與重(zhong)修(xiu)。
建筑
寺院坐北(bei)向南(nan),共(gong)(gong)為兩(liang)進院落。中(zhong)(zhong)軸線上有(you)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、中(zhong)(zhong)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(俗稱南(nan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian))、后(hou)(hou)大殿(dian)(dian)(dian),鐘鼓(gu)二樓位居(ju)天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側,左右廊(lang)廡(wu)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)對峙(zhi),共(gong)(gong)有(you)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)三(san)十余間(jian)(jian)。天(tian)王(wang)(wang)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、鐘鼓(gu)二樓及(ji)前院廊(lang)廡(wu)配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)于民國初年塌毀,其(qi)余主要殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)尚存。后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)建于寺院的(de)高臺之上,面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)五(wu)椽(chuan),梁架為原始材料粗略加工后(hou)(hou)施用(yong)(yong),為元代遺構。金柱(zhu)、檐柱(zhu)柱(zhu)頭卷(juan)舌圓(yuan)潤,內(nei)額(e)縫間(jian)(jian)用(yong)(yong)大替木(mu),從(cong)用(yong)(yong)材選(xuan)料及(ji)形制(zhi)上分析仍沿襲了(le)宋代的(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)手法。兩(liang)山用(yong)(yong)四柱(zhu),殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)徹(che)上露(lu)明造,梁架彩繪圖案,前檐柱(zhu)頭斗(dou)拱五(wu)鋪(pu)作(zuo)重拱雙下昂(ang)(ang),明次間(jian)(jian)柱(zhu)頭斗(dou)拱出(chu)45°斜(xie)拱,各間(jian)(jian)均(jun)無補間(jian)(jian)鋪(pu)作(zuo)。懸山式殿(dian)(dian)(dian)宇(yu)灰脊灰獸,筒板布瓦裝修,舉折較(jiao)為平緩。南(nan)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)居(ju)中(zhong)(zhong),面(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進深(shen)六椽(chuan),單檐歇山頂。四檐各施三(san)踩斗(dou)拱,單下昂(ang)(ang),前后(hou)(hou)檐明次間(jian)(jian)均(jun)施補間(jian)(jian)科。角科出(chu)斜(xie)昂(ang)(ang),耍頭作(zuo)昂(ang)(ang)型,用(yong)(yong)鴛(yuan)鴦交首(shou)拱連接。
歷史
現存(cun)真如(ru)寺,有正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)五(wu)間(jian),南殿(dian)(dian)三(san)(san)間(jian),另(ling)外護法枷籃(lan),鐘鼓樓以(yi)及(ji)庶郭畢具。其(qi)主建筑正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)面闊五(wu)間(jian),進深(shen)五(wu)椽,為懸山頂造(zao)南殿(dian)(dian)面闊三(san)(san)間(jian),進深(shen)六椽,為單(dan)檐歇山頂造(zao)。整個寺院呈現濃郁(yu)的古(gu)典(dian)風(feng)味,氳含典(dian)雅的佛(fo)教風(feng)情。真如(ru)寺始創年(nian)(nian)代已遠不可(ke)考。據(ju)碑文記載(zai),至(zhi)北宋(song)真宗祥符年(nian)(nian)間(jian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1008-1016)始有真如(ru)寺之名。元(yuan)(yuan)代至(zhi)元(yuan)(yuan)三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian),經重修(xiu)擴(kuo)建,初(chu)步形成(cheng)一定格(ge)局。此(ci)后,曾(ceng)在明(ming)代弘治十年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1497年(nian)(nian))、清康熙十三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1674年(nian)(nian))、乾(qian)隆三(san)(san)年(nian)(nian)(公元(yuan)(yuan)1738年(nian)(nian))進行(xing)過多次(ci)重修(xiu),但基本(ben)格(ge)局未(wei)變(bian)。
真如寺(si)雖廟(miao)(miao)貌(mao)規(gui)模不甚宏偉,但其歷史上(shang)在當地(di)影(ying)響較為廣泛。最為典型的有每年四月(yue)的傳(chuan)(chuan)統廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)和臘月(yue)初八的雪(xue)山廟(miao)(miao)會(hui)。每逢廟(miao)(miao)會(hui),周圍數十里村民老少云集,男女(nv)紛雜(za),各類雜(za)耍,技藝紛呈;商賈會(hui)聚(ju),百物交(jiao)流;文武社火,熱(re)鬧(nao)非凡。特別(bie)是(shi)每年臘月(yue)初八的雪(xue)山廟(miao)(miao)會(hui),遠近寺(si)廟(miao)(miao)和尚僧眾抬著(zhu)(zhu)用灑水(shui)凍結(jie)而成的雪(xue)花松(song)枝,前來進(jin)香,形成真如寺(si)別(bie)具一格的獨特風情。直至今天,這里仍然(ran)流傳(chuan)(chuan)著(zhu)(zhu)"千層樹(shu)、八角井,三(san)(san)街六寺(si)九觀音(yin),三(san)(san)十二畝(mu)(mu)柳(liu)塘地(di),八十二畝(mu)(mu)聚(ju)羊橋等等神話傳(chuan)(chuan)說。
此外,真如寺在歷史上曾收(shou)集了大(da)量的名(ming)人碑(bei)刻,據《武鄉縣(xian)(xian)志》(舊志)載(zai),其中較為(wei)有(you)名(ming)的碑(bei)刻有(you):兵部尚書魏云中所撰《大(da)明創建(jian)敕封海讀王碑(bei)記》,進士任斗南撰附《縣(xian)(xian)尹李公德政(zheng)之碑(bei)》等(deng)等(deng)。
真(zhen)如寺不僅保(bao)存了(le)元、明(ming)、清(qing)時期的古(gu)建筑,而(er)且還是(shi)一處革命舊居。1939年(nian)7月15日至1940年(nian)11月4日,八(ba)路軍(jun)總(zong)部野戰(zhan)(zhan)衛(wei)(wei)生部、總(zong)部醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、總(zong)部衛(wei)(wei)生學校曾駐扎在武鄉(xiang)東部山(shan)區的土河坪村。總(zong)部衛(wei)(wei)生部、醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和衛(wei)(wei)生學校駐扎在真(zhen)如寺內及附近群眾(zhong)家中。野戰(zhan)(zhan)衛(wei)(wei)生部曾在附近一帶(dai)設立材料分廠(chang)和制藥分廠(chang)。總(zong)部衛(wei)(wei)生部和醫(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在這(zhe)里(li)治愈了(le)大(da)批(pi)傷病員,并為(wei)我(wo)抗(kang)(kang)日根據地和抗(kang)(kang)日前(qian)線輸送了(le)大(da)批(pi)醫(yi)務人(ren)才。
由于真如寺存在較高的文化品(pin)味和文物(wu)價值,所以1980年(nian)8月1日(ri),被(bei)專(zhuan)家評定并公布為(wei)山西省重點(dian)文物(wu)保護單位。
交通線路
1、長治---武(wu)鄉
每(mei)天(tian)在長(chang)治(zhi)客運中心(xin)有發往武鄉的客車(che),發車(che)時間(jian)6:30--17:00,每(mei)30分鐘對開(kai)一趟。
太原---武鄉
每天在太原建南汽車站(zhan)有發往武(wu)鄉的客(ke)車,發車時間6:30--16:00,每30分鐘對開一趟。
2、武鄉縣城有(you)開往(wang)韓北鄉的班車(che),然后包車(che)前(qian)往(wang)士河村。