簡介
廣允緬寺建筑,據傳是道光八年(1828年)汪政府調停耿馬土司內訌,冊封罕榮高為土司的時代所建,距今170多年。建筑風格較多地受到漢族建筑風格的影響,保留了南傳上部座佛教寺院的基本形式,是漢式建筑外形與傣族庭院內部裝飾的有機結合,在建筑藝術風格上獨具一格。廣允緬寺由于其歷史、地域、人文、宗教的重要地位,于1988年元月13日,被國務院公布為第三批全國重點保護文物。
寺(si)院占地2200平方(fang)米(mi),經過修復的(de)主殿(dian)(dian)建于(yu)高0.5至1.5米(mi)的(de)基(ji)座(zuo)上,門(men)面闊14.8米(mi),大(da)殿(dian)(dian)進深24.4米(mi),為穿斗(dou)式(shi)木(mu)(mu)結(jie)構(gou)。整(zheng)座(zuo)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)由一(yi)圍(wei)廊式(shi)歇山頂三(san)(san)重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)與四方(fang)型五(wu)重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)亭部長組合而成。亭閣作重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇山頂,檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)飾(shi)(shi)斗(dou)拱,五(wu)重(zhong)上跳,拱部雕(diao)刻云紋。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)作三(san)(san)重(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇山式(shi)木(mu)(mu)結(jie)構(gou)建筑,第三(san)(san)層檐(yan)(yan)下(xia)側面和背(bei)后形成殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)四周的(de)圍(wei)廓(kuo)。殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)門(men)窗作有透雕(diao)裝飾(shi)(shi),梁(liang)坊門(men)柱啟(qi)蒙飾(shi)(shi)刻板漏印的(de)“金水”圖(tu)案,技藝精美,是傣(dai)族(zu)的(de)傳統工藝。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)內并列(lie)金柱六(liu)根(gen),尤其(qi)是緬寺(si)門(men)面柱上倒懸兩(liang)條木(mu)(mu)雕(diao)巨龍,盤旋(xuan)在門(men)廳(ting)入口的(de)左(zuo)右二柱上,使殿(dian)(dian)堂(tang)(tang)更顯(xian)得(de)輝煌華貴。
內部結構
廣允緬(mian)寺現存(cun)主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)及二(er)門(men)。主殿(dian)(dian)(dian)縱式(shi)布局, 面闊14.8米(mi)(mi),進(jin)深24.4米(mi)(mi),穿(chuan)斗(dou)(dou)式(shi)木(mu)架(jia)結構,系由一(yi)圍(wei)廊式(shi)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂與(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)亭閣勾連而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。亭閣位(wei)于殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)過廳,門(men)前(qian)(qian)二(er)柱倒懸兩(liang)條木(mu)雕巨(ju)龍,亭作(zuo)(zuo)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)歇(xie)山頂(ding),檐(yan)(yan)下飾斗(dou)(dou)栱,屬清代形式(shi)。亭閣第(di)(di)一(yi)層舉高基本與(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)第(di)(di)一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)相(xiang)等;第(di)(di)二(er)層檐(yan)(yan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)第(di)(di)二(er)層檐(yan)(yan)等同(tong),而(er)轉(zhuan)角處(chu)另加(jia)二(er)重(zhong)(zhong)假檐(yan)(yan),造成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)亭閣兩(liang)側(ce)外形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五重(zhong)(zhong)檐(yan)(yan)結構。大殿(dian)(dian)(dian)三滴(di)水歇(xie)山頂(ding),其第(di)(di)三層檐(yan)(yan)下側(ce)面與(yu)(yu)(yu)后(hou)(hou)背形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)圍(wei)廊,是一(yi)座漢族建筑特點與(yu)(yu)(yu)傣族寺院的有機結合體。廣允緬(mian)寺的木(mu)雕,除(chu)門(men)前(qian)(qian)兩(liang)條巨(ju)龍外,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前(qian)(qian)滿(man)堂門(men)窗皆作(zuo)(zuo)透雕圖案,技藝極精。
大殿內壁(bi)(bi)繪10幅(fu)(fu)(fu)壁(bi)(bi)畫,壁(bi)(bi)畫多(duo)為(wei)墨勾輪廓,再填色(se),風格和(he)技(ji)巧與內地明清作品相似。其中(zhong)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)6幅(fu)(fu)(fu)較大,每幅(fu)(fu)(fu)寬 3米(mi),高2.1米(mi),內有4幅(fu)(fu)(fu)中(zhong)嵌(qian)窗戶,因而(er)畫面呈凹字形。靠(kao)近佛(fo)臺(tai)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce) 4幅(fu)(fu)(fu)較小,寬約1.3米(mi),高1.2~2.1 米(mi)。有兩(liang)(liang)幅(fu)(fu)(fu)內容為(wei)佛(fo)傳故(gu)事。畫中(zhong)建筑多(duo)數為(wei)重檐歇山頂(ding),屬(shu)漢族(zu)建筑式樣(yang),而(er)人物形象則有官員(yuan)、仕(shi)女、兵(bing)丁、侍從等,從服(fu)飾(shi)看分屬(shu)不(bu)同(tong)民族(zu)。其中(zhong)武士戴頂(ding)冠,著馬蹄口(kou)窄袖上衣,屬(shu)典型(xing)的清代服(fu)飾(shi)。
交通
位于(yu)臨滄(cang)市滄(cang)源(yuan)縣城勐董大街北側,到滄(cang)源(yuan)縣后步行(xing)即(ji)到。滄(cang)源(yuan)縣距昆(kun)明840多公(gong)里,昆(kun)明西部(bu)客(ke)運(yun)站(zhan)有客(ke)車前往(wang)。