地理位置
秀山,位于(yu)云南(nan)玉溪通(tong)海縣城南(nan)隅,峰頂海拔2060米(mi),垂直高(gao)度近200米(mi),轄區面積(ji)7.6平(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里,游覽(lan)面積(ji)155萬平(ping)(ping)方米(mi),建(jian)筑面積(ji)5萬余平(ping)(ping)方米(mi)。 氣(qi)候、交通(tong)條(tiao)件。
秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),屬(shu)中亞熱帶半濕潤高原涼(liang)冬季(ji)風(feng)氣候,雨熱同季(ji),四(si)季(ji)如春。交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)極其便利,東漢(han)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元25—56年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間),通(tong)(tong)海(hai)的(de)(de)人行道路(lu)西可達于(yu)玉(yu)溪(xi)、晉城(cheng)、昆明(ming)(ming)方向,東可抵于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui)等(deng)(deng)地(di),自(zi)(zi)古(gu)就是交(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)樞紐。現(xian)在,4車道的(de)(de)高等(deng)(deng)級(ji)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)橫貫通(tong)(tong)海(hai),西接玉(yu)元高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)、東連(lian)通(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(通(tong)(tong)海(hai)至建(jian)(jian)(jian)水(shui))高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu),由縣(xian)城(cheng)至秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)景區也可乘(cheng)坐大(da)(da)型旅游(you)客車,行2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里就可到達。歷(li)(li)史沿革 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),始(shi)(shi)于(yu)西漢(han)元鼎元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前116年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))時(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),唐(tang)(tang)謂秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),宋(song)名(ming)(ming)(ming)普(pu)(pu)(pu)光山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),元、明(ming)(ming)稱玉(yu)隱(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),清(qing)代又恢復了(le)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)名(ming)(ming)(ming),民國二(er)十六年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1937年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))始(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)(ming)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園。漢(han)元鼎元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),漢(han)武帝封莊蹺的(de)(de)后裔(yi)毋波為田(tian)勾町王,始(shi)(shi)在秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)辟園林(lin),建(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)剎。歷(li)(li)唐(tang)(tang)、宋(song)、元、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)五個(ge)朝代,今尚存田(tian)勾町王廟(miao)、三(san)元宮(gong)、普(pu)(pu)(pu)光寺、玉(yu)皇閣(ge)、清(qing)涼(liang)臺、涌金(jin)寺、白龍寺七大(da)(da)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群體。 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),自(zi)(zi)西漢(han)元鼎元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)始(shi)(shi)1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)新中國成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立(li)已經歷(li)(li)了(le)兩千余年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)滄桑,歷(li)(li)史悠久,多元文(wen)化(hua)積淀豐(feng)厚。據(ju)《大(da)(da)明(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)統志》載(zai),秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是云(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)(nan)四(si)大(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),與昆明(ming)(ming)金(jin)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、碧雞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、大(da)(da)理點蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)齊名(ming)(ming)(ming)。明(ming)(ming)代地(di)理學家徐霞客游(you)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)時(shi)留下了(le)贊(zan)美秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)詩名(ming)(ming)(ming),清(qing)康熙時(shi),云(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)(nan)按察使許弘勛在《通(tong)(tong)海(hai)邑去序》中稱譽秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)甲南(nan)(nan)滇(dian)”。建(jian)(jian)(jian)國后1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)至1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園為滇(dian)南(nan)(nan)的(de)(de)游(you)覽(lan)(lan)勝地(di),由通(tong)(tong)海(hai)縣(xian)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮代管,1979年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)至今隸屬(shu)通(tong)(tong)海(hai)縣(xian)人民政府文(wen)化(hua)旅游(you)局下屬(shu)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)單(dan)位(wei)。登秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),近觀翠林(lin)芳草,聆聽清(qing)泉幽(you)韻(yun),遠(yuan)眺南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北湖峙對,萬(wan)壑千峰笏(hu)立(li),云(yun)(yun)(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)煙霞嵐繞,真乃仙韻(yun)無窮(qiong)。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)寺院(yuan)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)有致,古(gu)色古(gu)香。不但有道家(三(san)元宮(gong)、顥穹宮(gong))、佛家(清(qing)涼(liang)臺、涌金(jin)寺等(deng)(deng))、儒家(海(hai)月(yue)樓(lou)、酌花樓(lou)等(deng)(deng))的(de)(de)和諧融洽,更有各朝代風(feng)格獨(du)異的(de)(de)樓(lou)臺亭(ting)閣(ge)掩映其間。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群已列(lie)為云(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)(nan)省重點文(wen)物保護單(dan)位(wei),國家AAA級(ji)旅游(you)區。它在明(ming)(ming)朝時(shi)曾與昆明(ming)(ming)金(jin)馬(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、碧雞山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),大(da)(da)理的(de)(de)蒼(cang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)共(gong)稱云(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)(nan)四(si)大(da)(da)名(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),素有“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)甲南(nan)(nan)滇(dian)”的(de)(de)美譽。漢(han)代在此辟山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin),建(jian)(jian)(jian)古(gu)剎,立(li)亭(ting)園,元、明(ming)(ming)、清(qing)進為佛教勝地(di),民國時(shi)期置(zhi)為公(gong)(gong)(gong)園。經千百年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)來的(de)(de)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)修繕,逐步成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為名(ming)(ming)(ming)聞遐(xia)邇的(de)(de)游(you)覽(lan)(lan)勝地(di);1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)12月(yue)被列(lie)為云(yun)(yun)(yun)南(nan)(nan)省第三(san)批省級(ji)重點文(wen)物 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園位(wei)于(yu)通(tong)(tong)海(hai)縣(xian)城(cheng)南(nan)(nan),與城(cheng)相(xiang)連(lian)。出(chu)城(cheng)步行數(shu)百步即可登山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中禪院(yuan)森森,曲徑通(tong)(tong)幽(you)。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong) 園經歷(li)(li)代修建(jian)(jian)(jian),構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)三(san)元宮(gong)、普(pu)(pu)(pu)光寺、玉(yu)皇閣(ge)、清(qing)涼(liang)臺、萬(wan)壽宮(gong)、斗天閣(ge)、涌金(jin)寺等(deng)(deng)古(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑群。
景點
普光(guang)寺現存殿宇建(jian)于元(yuan)代(dai),正(zheng)殿屋架為(wei)(wei)斗拱式(shi)結(jie)構,呈典型蒙(meng)古建(jian)筑形式(shi)。寺內(nei)有(you)(you)元(yuan)代(dai) 為(wei)(wei)紀念神(shen)僧李畔(pan)富所建(jian)佛塔2座,古樸莊重。 東院內(nei)就山巖(yan)鑿有(you)(you)洗缽池(chi),池(chi)上方巖(yan)縫中泉水 浸冒而出,滴注于池(chi)中,叮咚不息。
清(qing)(qing)涼(liang)臺原名(ming)清(qing)(qing)涼(liang)寺(si)(si)(si)(si),元(yuan)時(shi)高(gao)僧(seng)鐵牛禪師所建(jian),經(jing)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)增修,具(ju)現在(zai)規模。由(you)魯(lu)賢祠、桂香殿、海(hai)云樓、藥王殿、蓬萊閣(ge)、武侯祠等(deng)連成一(yi)個(ge)四院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)三通的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)整(zheng)體。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地(di)勢高(gao)峻,四圍綠(lv)(lv)樹掩映,背山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面湖,涼(liang)風不斷。的(de)(de)確是一(yi)個(ge)無暑的(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)涼(liang)世(shi)界。 涌(yong)金(jin)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)俗稱(cheng)(cheng)大頂寺(si)(si)(si)(si),是秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)位置(zhi)最(zui)高(gao)的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),因山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢如“地(di)涌(yong)金(jin)蓮”而得名(ming)。占(zhan)地(di)面積6000多平方米(mi)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)分三進(jin),殿宇宏偉,寺(si)(si)(si)(si)門(men)雄踞于半圓形石階之(zhi)(zhi)上(shang),“涌(yong)金(jin)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)”3個(ge)貼金(jin)大字雄渾莊(zhuang)重。正中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古柏(bo)閣(ge),此閣(ge)全(quan)部木結構,奇(qi)巧無比。大雄寶殿塑(su)三世(shi)佛像,慈 顏善目,體態(tai)勻稱(cheng)(cheng)。殿前“白(bai)馬(ma)”、“黃龍”、 “法海(hai)圓明(ming)(ming)”3座(zuo)坊立于東(dong)、西(xi)、北三方。大院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)翠柏(bo)蒼勁,茶花吐艷,元(yuan)杉噴(pen)香。宋柏(bo)、元(yuan) 杉、明(ming)(ming)玉蘭(lan)被(bei)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)三絕”。涌(yong)金(jin)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)左廂是一(yi)套院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),門(men)上(shang)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)別致(zhi)的(de)(de)小匾(bian),上(shang)書(shu)(shu)“這里來”,進(jin)門(men)更是清(qing)(qing)靜的(de)(de)一(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),東(dong)為(wei)曇花軒,西(xi)有(you)(you)(you)酌花樓,北面另為(wei)一(yi)小院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可(ke)謂院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。“這里來”院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)內有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)玉蘭(lan)、牡丹(dan)、芍(shao)藥等(deng)名(ming)花奇(qi)草(cao),進(jin)門(men)就(jiu)讓(rang)人(ren)(ren)感(gan)到(dao)滿院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)芬芳。” 白(bai)龍寺(si)(si)(si)(si)坐落在(zai)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南面的(de)(de)茂林之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong),是后山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)唯一(yi)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)古樸典雅,與周圍環境(jing)十分協(xie)調。近年來擴建(jian)了(le)部分亭閣(ge)游(you)廊(lang)及服務設 施,引水上(shang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),鑿池培植(zhi)荷花及各(ge)種花卉草(cao)木,成為(wei)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)公園又一(yi)新的(de)(de)游(you)覽點。秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)在(zai)于綠(lv)(lv),茂密的(de)(de)林木把(ba)整(zheng)座(zuo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)掩蓋(gai)得嚴(yan)嚴(yan)實實。山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)北麓翠竹萬桿,青翠欲滴;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)密林間灌木叢生,野花點點;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)面奇(qi)松(song)參天(tian)(tian),杉栗蔥翠;山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南松(song)林似海(hai),濤聲(sheng)如吼。種類繁多的(de)(de)花草(cao)樹木,一(yi)年四季爭奇(qi)斗艷,各(ge)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)也是花木扶疏,松(song)柏(bo)森森,綠(lv)(lv)杉撐天(tian)(tian)。 秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不僅有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川(chuan)之(zhi)(zhi)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)麗(li),更有(you)(you)(you)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)墨客(ke)騷(sao)人(ren)(ren)、 學(xue)者名(ming)宦(huan)之(zhi)(zhi)吟(yin)詠,使秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)成了(le)“匾(bian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)聯海(hai)”和碑林。至今保留在(zai)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)匾(bian)聯碑刻有(you)(you)(you)200余副(fu)(塊),這些匾(bian)聯碑刻,洋溢著詩情(qing)畫(hua)意,書(shu)(shu)法均(jun)屬(shu)上(shang)乘(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)作,使詩、書(shu)(shu)、畫(hua)、景和精美的(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)珠(zhu)聯璧合。
歷史記載
查證(zheng)通海(hai)地(di)方(fang)史志(zhi)和秀山(shan)(shan)殘存的(de)(de)碑刻(ke),可以發現(xian),上世(shi)紀(ji)50年代之前,秀山(shan)(shan)某處寺院、樓(lou)閣毀(hui)于火(huo)災(zai)(zai),或在小規模地(di)方(fang)武裝沖突之中遭(zao)到局部(bu)損(sun)毀(hui)之類的(de)(de)事(shi)件,我們可以找(zhao)到一些零星的(de)(de)記載。但是,1949年之后(hou)的(de)(de)20年時間里,諸如“大(da)戰鋼(gang)鐵銅”、“掃四舊”、“通海(hai)大(da)地(di)震”等天災(zai)(zai)人禍對秀山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)滌蕩,在相關史志(zhi)和碑刻(ke)中卻(que)聞(wen)所未聞(wen)。發生在上世(shi)紀(ji)中期(qi)的(de)(de)秀山(shan)(shan)三次(ci)劫難已成歷史,對于這段歷史,現(xian)代人是開始反思呢(ni),還是頭腦一片空白?
第一劫:1958年——“大戰鋼鐵銅”——熔(rong)爐、繩索(suo)、錘鑿毀棄(qi)秀山千年銅佛史。
張汝(ru)潤曾經(jing)是(shi)秀(xiu)山腳下通海一中的(de)學(xue)生,后來又(you)成(cheng)了這(zhe)個(ge)學(xue)校的(de)老師。他回憶說,1958年(nian),因為學(xue)校緊挨著秀(xiu)山,他曾聽(ting)老百姓(xing)傳(chuan)言(yan):秀(xiu)山上的(de)銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)都被人敲掉(diao)了,在銅(tong)像(xiang)(xiang)內還取出了不少經(jing)書;山上涌金寺那口(kou)大(da)鐘,鐘聲能越過杞麓(lu)湖,江川雄關的(de)百姓(xing)都能聽(ting)到,也被人破(po)壞了。
1958年“大(da)(da)戰鋼鐵銅”時,原(yuan)通(tong)海縣委宣傳(chuan)部(bu)(bu)部(bu)(bu)長馬啟和(he)在縣政府文(wen)教(jiao)科工作(zuo),他回憶說,“大(da)(da)戰鋼鐵銅”時,縣委工業部(bu)(bu)的(de)“工作(zuo)”對象是(shi)山上的(de)大(da)(da)小銅像(xiang),在秀山,每個寺院都有(you)神(shen)像(xiang),每個寺院的(de)正神(shen)都是(shi)銅鑄(zhu)的(de),并(bing)且(qie)如涌金寺的(de)三大(da)(da)佛像(xiang)、玉皇閣(ge)的(de)玉皇大(da)(da)帝像(xiang)都有(you)幾噸重(zhong)。
在得(de)知工業部的(de)工作隊上山(shan)砸銅(tong)像的(de)消息后(hou),馬啟和馬上向(xiang)當(dang)時的(de)省(sheng)文(wen)教(jiao)廳反映(ying)了(le)(le)縣里(li)的(de)情況,很(hen)快收到了(le)(le)省(sheng)里(li)的(de)傳真(zhen)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian):全省(sheng)都出現了(le)(le)這(zhe)種情況,要認真(zhen)保護。他(ta)拿著這(zhe)個文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)上秀山(shan)時,工作隊已經從涌金(jin)寺一路“工作”下來(lai),正在玉皇(huang)閣里(li)砸玉皇(huang)大(da)帝的(de)銅(tong)像,銅(tong)像太重(zhong),計劃分(fen)成三段處(chu)理。他(ta)向(xiang)工作隊出示(shi)了(le)(le)省(sheng)里(li)的(de)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian),可是人家(jia)不(bu)聽(ting),還搬出當(dang)時最(zui)(zui)時髦、最(zui)(zui)革(ge)命的(de)話“鋼鐵升帳,誰也不(bu)能阻擋”做擋箭牌,把他(ta)的(de)文(wen)件(jian)(jian)(jian)擋了(le)(le)回去。
張仕(shi)昌是秀山(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)下原通(tong)海(hai)縣文(wen)化館職(zhi)員,曾經(jing)是秀山(shan)(shan)公(gong)園的管理者之一。他在親眼看到有人挎(kua)著繩索、扛著鐵錘上(shang)秀山(shan)(shan)砸銅像(xiang)的情(qing)(qing)形后,偷(tou)偷(tou)地向省(sheng)文(wen)教(jiao)廳打電話,匯報(bao)了(le)(le)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang),最終也無濟(ji)于事。無奈之下,他與(yu)同(tong)事闞(kan)華堂(tang)一起冒著風險從山(shan)(shan)上(shang)撿了(le)(le)一挑文(wen)物(wu):一頭(tou)裝著玉(yu)帝的頭(tou)像(xiang),一頭(tou)挑著從神像(xiang)中掏出的上(shang)百卷經(jing)書和五(wu)冊(ce)明代皇歷(li),悄悄下了(le)(le)山(shan)(shan)。
據馬啟和、張仕昌兩人回憶,在這次劫(jie)難中,秀山(shan)上凡屬銅鐵文物,無一(yi)幸免,就(jiu)連縣文化館(即萬壽宮,秀山(shan)古(gu)建筑之一(yi))館藏文物大刀、小鋼(gang)炮也被工作隊“順手牽羊”地(di)收走了。
1959年(nian),趕(gan)上(shang)建國(guo)十年(nian)大(da)慶。秀山上(shang)無神(shen)佛(fo)可拜,群眾意見很大(da),因此(ci),這年(nian)5月,張仕(shi)昌(chang)接到了(le)(le)一個(ge)任務,“恢復”涌(yong)金寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)佛(fo)像。他想了(le)(le)一個(ge)簡便的(de)(de)辦法,請了(le)(le)三(san)輛馬車到今(jin)九(jiu)街鎮劉合營村的(de)(de)一座寺(si)(si)院(yuan)中“借(jie)”了(le)(le)三(san)尊泥(ni)佛(fo),安裝(zhuang)在涌(yong)金寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)大(da)雄寶(bao)殿內。他說,可笑的(de)(de)是,泥(ni)佛(fo)一米六左(zuo)右,可是之前銅佛(fo)高(gao)三(san)米多(duo),怎么看都不相襯。
張仕昌感嘆說,從信佛(fo)(fo)的(de)大理(li)國開國國君段思平在秀山(shan)鑄銅(tong)像百余尊至1958年已有(you)近千(qian)年歷史,1958年之(zhi)后,秀山(shan)不再有(you)銅(tong)像,也(ye)不會再有(you)莊嚴(yan)宏偉(wei)的(de)三(san)大銅(tong)佛(fo)(fo)。
第二劫:1966年——“掃四舊”——紅色風暴席卷秀山(shan)古建筑(zhu)的“靈魂”深處(chu)。
由于(yu)“掃四舊(jiu)”運動(dong)聲勢浩(hao)大,很多關注秀山古建筑(zhu)群命運的通(tong)海人已經(jing)預感到,秀山即(ji)將成為革命的對象(xiang)。果(guo)然,“掃四舊(jiu)”運動(dong)在通(tong)海縣剛(gang)(gang)剛(gang)(gang)興起(qi),紅衛(wei)兵就(jiu)成立(li)了戰斗(dou)隊,“戰斗(dou)”目標就(jiu)是“封、資、修”的堡壘——秀山。
張(zhang)仕昌說,紅(hong)衛兵要(yao)“掃蕩”秀山(shan)的(de)消息是(shi)從(cong)戰斗隊里一個(ge)還(huan)有點良(liang)知(zhi)的(de)領隊口中傳出來的(de),那個(ge)領隊要(yao)他帶(dai)(dai)幾個(ge)人上(shang)秀山(shan)把最(zui)(zui)珍貴、最(zui)(zui)有價值的(de)碑刻留下(xia)記(ji)號(hao)(hao),以免遭(zao)到損(sun)壞。得知(zhi)這個(ge)消息后,他帶(dai)(dai)上(shang)當地有名的(de)文化人許秋山(shan)上(shang)山(shan),為(wei)(wei)30多塊最(zui)(zui)為(wei)(wei)珍貴的(de)碑刻留下(xia)了記(ji)號(hao)(hao),之前,他和文化館(guan)的(de)同事(shi)已經(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)普(pu)光(guang)寺(si)內元(yuan)代《宣光(guang)智照蘭若碑》用土(tu)基墻圍了起來,最(zui)(zui)終,這塊碑記(ji)幸(xing)免于難,從(cong)而留下(xia)了一份有關元(yuan)代滇(dian)南經(jing)(jing)濟社會最(zui)(zui)有價值的(de)史(shi)料(liao)。
“掃(sao)四舊”運動開始,張仕(shi)昌眼睜睜的看著戰斗隊大隊人(ren)馬扛著撬桿、鋤頭、鐵鎬浩浩蕩蕩向秀山(shan)開拔(ba),然后(hou)在秀山(shan)上(shang)(shang)砸匾聯,敲神(shen)像(xiang)(泥塑的)、毀(hui)碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke),上(shang)(shang)百(bai)人(ren)在秀山(shan)上(shang)(shang)大干了(le)一個(ge)周左右(you)才下山(shan)。后(hou)來張仕(shi)昌發現,有一些已(yi)經留了(le)記(ji)號(hao)的碑(bei)(bei)刻(ke)仍然不能幸免,并且碑(bei)(bei)上(shang)(shang)的每一個(ge)字(zi)都(dou)用鏨子鑿過,已(yi)經無法辨認原貌(mao)。
說起“掃四舊”對秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)破壞,馬啟和說,秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)寺院里沒(mei)有(you)(you)了(le)神(shen)像,就像一個家只有(you)(you)空空的(de)(de)房子,沒(mei)有(you)(you)人住;沒(mei)有(you)(you)了(le)匾聯,一座秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)山(shan)(shan)就沒(mei)有(you)(you)了(le)靈魂(hun)。可惜的(de)(de)是那些(xie)精美的(de)(de)匾聯、神(shen)像、碑刻都被損壞了(le)。
第三(san)劫(jie):1970年——“通海大地震(zhen)”——部分古建(jian)(jian)筑難逃厄(e)運,毀于一旦;部分古建(jian)(jian)筑劫(jie)后奇跡般(ban)絲毫(hao)未損。
1970年1月5日1時(shi)0分37秒(miao),一場里氏7.7級的(de)特大(da)地震猝然襲擊滇中地區,震中位于通海縣高大(da)鄉五(wu)星村。大(da)地震在通海全境肆虐的(de)同時(shi),也給秀山古建筑群造成(cheng)了(le)巨(ju)大(da)的(de)災難。
張仕昌是(shi)在大(da)地震發(fa)生后的(de)(de)第五天(tian)上秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)查看(kan)秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)災情的(de)(de)。他說,損壞(huai)最為(wei)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)是(shi)三(san)元宮,秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)土主廟、普(pu)光寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)廂(xiang)房,這些建筑(zhu)大(da)部分墻體都(dou)已(yi)倒塌,只(zhi)剩幾根柱子和椽子挑著幾塊瓦(wa)片。沿山(shan)(shan)路(lu)上山(shan)(shan),他看(kan)到,萬壽(shou)宮的(de)(de)過道門發(fa)生傾斜,玉皇閣門前的(de)(de)“玄真(zhen)天(tian)上”坊已(yi)經倒塌,竺國寺(si)(si)、涌金寺(si)(si)的(de)(de)大(da)殿已(yi)經開了天(tian)窗。而普(pu)光寺(si)(si)內的(de)(de)觀音殿、涌金寺(si)(si)內的(de)(de)秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)古柏閣兩(liang)處建筑(zhu)卻(que)安然(ran)無恙。
馬啟(qi)和說,針對觀音殿、古柏(bo)閣大震(zhen)不倒的現象,北京建筑專家專程趕來對兩(liang)處建筑進行了(le)勘查,結果發現:觀音殿為(wei)元代(dai)建筑,墻(qiang)體是篾籬笆墻(qiang),由(you)(you)竹片編成,再用草尖(jian)和上泥(ni)巴(ba)糊(hu)上,因此具有較強的抗震(zhen)性;古柏(bo)閣采(cai)用榫(sun)鉚結構,不用一顆釘子(zi),梁柱(zhu)之間、梁與(yu)梁之間等多(duo)個部(bu)位都由(you)(you)多(duo)級(ji)斗拱支撐(cheng),顯示了(le)通海古代(dai)工匠的精(jing)湛技(ji)藝。1979年(nian),秀山部(bu)分古建筑的圖片還入(ru)選(xuan)中國科(ke)學(xue)院自然科(ke)學(xue)史(shi)研究所編撰(zhuan)的《中國建筑技(ji)術史(shi)》一書(shu)。
張(zhang)仕(shi)昌說,秀(xiu)山古建筑群(qun)的恢復工(gong)作是從1979年開始的,通海(hai)幾個(ge)建筑隊不間(jian)斷(duan)地在秀(xiu)山施工(gong),上世紀90年代末才全部撤走。
秀山(shan)的(de)三次劫難是在(zai)解(jie)放后(hou)20年(nian)的(de)時間里發生的(de),巧合(he)的(de)是,恢復(fu)工作也用了(le)近20年(nian)的(de)時間。同等的(de)時間,現代人(ren)(ren)能否(fou)把秀山(shan)古建筑群(qun)修舊如舊?是否(fou)部分恢復(fu)了(le)原(yuan)貌(mao)?這些問(wen)題(ti)只(zhi)有留給后(hou)人(ren)(ren)評說了(le)。
保護秀山
秀山古建筑群的種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)劫難(nan)是通海(hai)歷(li)史(shi)文化的不幸,但(dan)種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)劫難(nan)過(guo)程中又始終交織著(zhu)通海(hai)傳統文化人(ren)對秀山的憐惜與(yu)關愛。通海(hai)民間有一批文化人(ren),他(ta)們文憑不高,或沒(mei)有文憑,但(dan)對傳統文化研究得很深,特別是對秀山的歷(li)史(shi)文化。以下做一個簡單的介紹:
許秋山——年輕時就上秀山拓印(yin)了許多碑、聯、匾內容,秀山恢復重建時,他把所存的匾聯資料全(quan)部貢獻了出(chu)來。
闞(kan)三(san)——一個傳說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)人(ren)(ren)物,秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)的(de)守山(shan)(shan)人(ren)(ren),一個“文(wen)盲(mang)”卻為保(bao)存(cun)秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)的(de)歷史文(wen)化立下了汗馬功勞。據(ju)說(shuo)(shuo),現在還懸掛在秀(xiu)山(shan)(shan)公(gong)園的(de)古(gu)匾古(gu)聯都是他在“掃四舊”中(zhong)冒著極大的(de)風險收(shou)藏起來的(de),包括朱熹的(de)“松竹(zhu)陋春(chun)”匾。而據(ju)一些知情人(ren)(ren)考(kao)證,傳說(shuo)(shuo)中(zhong)的(de)闞(kan)三(san)就是原縣文(wen)化館職員闞(kan)華堂。
姚光恒(heng)——家中收藏有乾隆年間(jian)的《秀山(shan)(shan)匾(bian)聯(lian)備忘錄》手(shou)抄本,是記錄秀山(shan)(shan)匾(bian)聯(lian)最早的一(yi)本書。1982年,老人把這本書貢獻出來(lai)。后來(lai),秀山(shan)(shan)恢(hui)復一(yi)些珍貴對聯(lian),都是根據這本書的記載(zai)。
張仕昌——“文革”中,他冒著風險用“興無(wu)滅(mie)資”的標語牌(pai)遮蓋了(le)“秀甲南滇”匾(bian),用一幅(fu)名為《大批判》的木刻畫遮住了(le)“毓秀坊”匾(bian),從而保住了(le)這(zhe)兩塊匾(bian)額。