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基本介紹

重慶抗戰兵(bing)器工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)群包括九龍坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)、江北區(qu)(qu)(qu)、萬盛經(jing)開區(qu)(qu)(qu)兵(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)的3處舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)。我區(qu)(qu)(qu)舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)為兵(bing)工(gong)(gong)署第(di)一工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi),位于(yu)重慶市九龍坡區(qu)(qu)(qu)謝家灣街道黃家碼頭社區(qu)(qu)(qu)重慶建鋒摩(mo)托車配(pei)件(jian)總廠(chang)內(nei)。

“重(zhong)慶抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群”是抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)時期以重(zhong)慶為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)生產基地，這(zhe)些重(zhong)慶兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)支撐了長期抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)，為西南大(da)后方的(de)經濟建設與兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)人才培養做出了貢獻。此次申報(bao)的(de)“重(zhong)慶抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)群”是重(zhong)慶市現(xian)存抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)文物保(bao)護點中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)舊(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)代表(biao)，兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)依托其他工(gong)業(ye)(ye)和(he)科學技術的(de)發(fa)(fa)展而發(fa)(fa)展，又(you)在工(gong)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展和(he)科技進步(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起到帶頭和(he)促(cu)進作用。

據悉，第二十(shi)(shi)一(yi)兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)車(che)間(jian)(jian)舊(jiu)址部(bu)分(fen)位于(yu)(yu)跳磴鎮紅勝村(cun)一(yi)帶。而第二十(shi)(shi)九(jiu)兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)舊(jiu)址位于(yu)(yu)大渡口(kou)區老重鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)區，廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)址面(mian)積約5平方公里。廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內保存了1938年(nian)鍛(duan)造(zao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房1處，原(yuan)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)辦公樓（紅樓）、原(yuan)高線廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)辦公樓（小洋(yang)樓）、1950年(nian)代煉(lian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房、1960年(nian)代中板廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房、大跨度車(che)間(jian)(jian)、中型軋鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)車(che)間(jian)(jian)、大型軋鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)車(che)間(jian)(jian)、8000馬力蒸汽(qi)機(ji)、3根高大煙囪、渝鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)村(cun)住(zhu)宅(zhai)樓1棟(dong)、原(yuan)交警招待所、防空洞(dong)、警報臺、蒸汽(qi)火車(che)機(ji)車(che)、煉(lian)鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)高爐(lu)1組、煉(lian)焦爐(lu)1段、5萬立(li)方儲氣罐、部(bu)分(fen)鐵路和設施設備。該(gai)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)籌(chou)建于(yu)(yu)1890年(nian)，初名(ming)漢陽(yang)鐵廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，抗戰(zhan)爆發后，為保存民(min)族工(gong)業的(de)血脈(mo)，1938年(nian)遷渝。抗戰(zhan)期間(jian)(jian)，該(gai)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建立(li)原(yuan)材料生產廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)，為抗擊日軍提供鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材給各兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)制造(zao)武器，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵產量一(yi)度占到(dao)抗戰(zhan)大后方鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵總(zong)量的(de)90%。2009年(nian)，列(lie)入(ru)重慶市(shi)抗戰(zhan)遺址文(wen)物保護點。

1937年(nian)，抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)日戰(zhan)(zhan)爭爆(bao)發，日軍(jun)大舉入侵(qin)中(zhong)國，國民政(zheng)府(fu)宣布(bu)“移駐”重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)。為(wei)(wei)適應(ying)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)局(ju)勢的變(bian)化，國民政(zheng)府(fu)軍(jun)政(zheng)部將所(suo)屬兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠、軍(jun)事院校、研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)大量向云、貴、川等地轉移，戰(zhan)(zhan)時(shi)“首(shou)都”重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)擔負(fu)起(qi)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器制造中(zhong)心的歷史重(zhong)(zhong)任。1938年(nian)，國民政(zheng)府(fu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)署遷(qian)(qian)到(dao)(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)，對軍(jun)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)進行調整改組，形(xing)成了新的兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)體(ti)系(xi)。重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)鵝(e)公(gong)巖(yan)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器工(gong)(gong)業生(sheng)產(chan)群，就是這一(yi)(yi)時(shi)期(qi)的“漢陽(yang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠”搬遷(qian)(qian)到(dao)(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)后的一(yi)(yi)個生(sheng)產(chan)基地，當時(shi)為(wei)(wei)21兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠1分廠。漢陽(yang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠的前身是“湖北槍(qiang)炮廠”，由晚(wan)清“洋務運動”代表人物張之洞創辦，民國初年(nian)改名為(wei)(wei)“漢陽(yang)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠”。1938年(nian)遷(qian)(qian)到(dao)(dao)重(zhong)(zhong)慶(qing)鵝(e)公(gong)巖(yan)后，生(sheng)產(chan)馬克沁重(zhong)(zhong)機槍(qiang)、捷克式輕機槍(qiang)、82毫米迫擊(ji)炮和漢陽(yang)造步(bu)槍(qiang)。1942年(nian)7月，改生(sheng)產(chan)中(zhong)正式步(bu)槍(qiang)及其它陸軍(jun)輕武(wu)器。抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)間，該廠生(sheng)產(chan)的各類(lei)武(wu)器，源源不(bu)斷地運往抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)正面(mian)戰(zhan)(zhan)場，為(wei)(wei)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)(zhan)的勝利(li)發揮了重(zhong)(zhong)要作用(yong)。

抗(kang)戰勝利后，1946年3月，該廠奉(feng)令(ling)結束兵器生(sheng)產，員工(gong)(gong)及機器設備、半成(cheng)品等作相應調配，仍(reng)隸屬第21兵工(gong)(gong)廠。1949年11月重慶解(jie)放(fang)，重慶軍事管制委員會(hui)接管該廠后，改名為“國(guo)營建設機床(chuang)廠”。幾(ji)十年來，該廠發(fa)展成(cheng)立建設工(gong)(gong)業集團公司，為新中國(guo)的(de)國(guo)防工(gong)(gong)業和(he)經濟建設做(zuo)出了(le)巨大貢獻(xian)。

2013年5月，國(guo)務院(yuan)印發(fa)《關于核定并公布第七批(pi)全國(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位的通知》，公布重(zhong)(zhong)慶抗(kang)戰兵器工業舊址群(qun)為全國(guo)重(zhong)(zhong)點文物保護單(dan)位。