重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)抗戰(zhan)兵器工業(ye)舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)群(qun)包括九(jiu)龍坡區(qu)(qu)、江北區(qu)(qu)、萬盛經開區(qu)(qu)兵工廠的3處舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)。我區(qu)(qu)舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi)為兵工署第一工廠舊(jiu)(jiu)址(zhi)(zhi),位于重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)市(shi)九(jiu)龍坡區(qu)(qu)謝家灣街(jie)道(dao)黃家碼頭社(she)區(qu)(qu)重(zhong)慶(qing)(qing)建鋒(feng)摩托車配件總廠內。
“重(zhong)慶抗戰兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)群”是(shi)抗戰時期以(yi)重(zhong)慶為中心的兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)生產基地(di),這(zhe)些重(zhong)慶兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)支撐了(le)長(chang)期抗戰,為西南大(da)后方的經濟建(jian)設與兵(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)人才培養(yang)做出了(le)貢獻。此(ci)次(ci)申報(bao)的“重(zhong)慶抗戰兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)群”是(shi)重(zhong)慶市現存(cun)抗戰遺址(zhi)文物保護點中兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業舊(jiu)址(zhi)的代表,兵(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業依托其他工(gong)(gong)業和科(ke)(ke)學技術的發(fa)展而發(fa)展,又在(zai)工(gong)(gong)業發(fa)展和科(ke)(ke)技進(jin)步中起到(dao)帶頭(tou)和促進(jin)作用。
據(ju)悉,第二十一兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)車(che)間(jian)舊(jiu)址部分位于(yu)跳磴鎮紅勝村一帶(dai)。而第二十九兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)舊(jiu)址位于(yu)大渡(du)口區老重鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)區,廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)址面(mian)積約5平方(fang)公(gong)里。廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)內(nei)保存了(le)1938年(nian)(nian)鍛造廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)1處,原廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)辦(ban)公(gong)樓(lou)(紅樓(lou))、原高(gao)線廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)辦(ban)公(gong)樓(lou)(小(xiao)洋樓(lou))、1950年(nian)(nian)代煉(lian)(lian)鋼(gang)(gang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)、1960年(nian)(nian)代中板廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)房(fang)、大跨度(du)(du)車(che)間(jian)、中型軋鋼(gang)(gang)車(che)間(jian)、大型軋鋼(gang)(gang)車(che)間(jian)、8000馬力蒸汽機、3根(gen)高(gao)大煙囪、渝鋼(gang)(gang)村住宅樓(lou)1棟(dong)、原交警(jing)招待所、防空洞(dong)、警(jing)報臺、蒸汽火車(che)機車(che)、煉(lian)(lian)鐵(tie)(tie)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)高(gao)爐1組、煉(lian)(lian)焦爐1段、5萬(wan)立方(fang)儲氣罐、部分鐵(tie)(tie)路和設施(shi)設備(bei)。該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)籌建于(yu)1890年(nian)(nian),初名漢陽鐵(tie)(tie)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)爆發后(hou),為保存民族工(gong)業的血脈,1938年(nian)(nian)遷渝。抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)期間(jian),該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)建立原材料生(sheng)產廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),為抗(kang)(kang)(kang)擊日軍提供鋼(gang)(gang)材給各兵工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)制造武(wu)器,鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)產量(liang)一度(du)(du)占(zhan)到(dao)抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)大后(hou)方(fang)鋼(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)(tie)總量(liang)的90%。2009年(nian)(nian),列入重慶市抗(kang)(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)遺址文物(wu)保護點。
1937年(nian),抗(kang)(kang)日戰(zhan)爭爆(bao)發,日軍大舉(ju)入侵中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo),國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)宣布“移(yi)駐”重(zhong)慶(qing)。為(wei)適應抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)局(ju)勢的(de)(de)(de)變化,國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)軍政(zheng)部將所(suo)(suo)屬(shu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)、軍事院校、研究(jiu)所(suo)(suo)大量(liang)向云、貴(gui)、川等(deng)地(di)轉移(yi),戰(zhan)時(shi)“首都”重(zhong)慶(qing)擔負起兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)制造中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)重(zhong)任。1938年(nian),國(guo)民(min)(min)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)署遷到重(zhong)慶(qing),對軍工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)進行調整改(gai)組(zu),形(xing)成(cheng)了新的(de)(de)(de)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)體系。重(zhong)慶(qing)鵝公(gong)巖抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)兵(bing)(bing)(bing)器(qi)工(gong)(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)群,就是(shi)這一時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)“漢陽兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)”搬遷到重(zhong)慶(qing)后的(de)(de)(de)一個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di),當時(shi)為(wei)21兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)1分廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。漢陽兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)前身是(shi)“湖北槍(qiang)(qiang)炮(pao)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)”,由(you)晚清(qing)“洋務運動”代(dai)表(biao)人物張之洞創辦(ban),民(min)(min)國(guo)初年(nian)改(gai)名(ming)為(wei)“漢陽兵(bing)(bing)(bing)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)”。1938年(nian)遷到重(zhong)慶(qing)鵝公(gong)巖后,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)馬克沁重(zhong)機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)、捷克式(shi)輕機(ji)槍(qiang)(qiang)、82毫米(mi)迫擊炮(pao)和漢陽造步槍(qiang)(qiang)。1942年(nian)7月,改(gai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)正式(shi)步槍(qiang)(qiang)及其(qi)它陸軍輕武器(qi)。抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)期(qi)間,該廠(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)各類(lei)武器(qi),源源不斷地(di)運往抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)正面戰(zhan)場,為(wei)抗(kang)(kang)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)利發揮了重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。
抗(kang)戰勝利后(hou),1946年(nian)3月,該(gai)(gai)廠(chang)奉令結束兵器(qi)(qi)生產,員工(gong)及機器(qi)(qi)設(she)備、半成品等作相應調配(pei),仍隸屬(shu)第(di)21兵工(gong)廠(chang)。1949年(nian)11月重(zhong)慶(qing)解放,重(zhong)慶(qing)軍事管制委員會接管該(gai)(gai)廠(chang)后(hou),改(gai)名為“國(guo)(guo)(guo)營(ying)建(jian)設(she)機床廠(chang)”。幾十(shi)年(nian)來,該(gai)(gai)廠(chang)發(fa)展成立建(jian)設(she)工(gong)業(ye)集團公司,為新中國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)國(guo)(guo)(guo)防工(gong)業(ye)和經濟建(jian)設(she)做出了巨大(da)貢獻(xian)。
2013年5月,國務院印發《關于核定并公布(bu)第七批全(quan)國重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)的(de)通知》,公布(bu)重(zhong)慶抗(kang)戰兵器工業舊址群為(wei)全(quan)國重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位(wei)。