芒果视频下载

地理位置

普定(ding)穿洞遺(yi)址位于貴州省普定(ding)縣(xian)城(cheng)西(xi) 5公里處的一座孤山上。

歷史沿革

普(pu)定穿洞遺址(zhi)是(shi)舊石器時代晚期遺址(zhi)。

1979 年5月(yue)試掘，獲得大(da)量(liang)石器(qi)、骨器(qi)。

1981年5月，中國科(ke)學院和(he)貴州省(sheng)博物館聯(lian)合發掘，出土(tu)石器、骨(gu)器、動物化石和(he)人類化石2000多件(jian)，為研究中國西南原始社(she)會提供了豐富的實物資料。

迄今為止已發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)早、中、晚三個時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)器時代遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址有50處(chu)，已正式發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)20多處(chu)，主(zhu)要有黔(qian)西觀音洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址、桐(tong)梓(zi)巖灰洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址、水城硝灰洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址、興(xing)義貓貓洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址、普定(ding)穿洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址、六枝桃花洞遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址中，不僅(jin)出土(tu)了(le)打(da)制石(shi)器、骨器、哺乳動(dong)物(wu)化(hua)石(shi)，而且還發(fa)(fa)現了(le)一(yi)批人類牙齒(chi)、頜骨、股骨、頭骨等(deng)化(hua)石(shi)，分(fen)別被(bei)命名為“桐(tong)梓(zi)猿人”、“水城人”、“興(xing)義人”、“穿洞人”。1982年(nian)至1992年(nian)考古(gu)工作(zuo)者在(zai)桐(tong)梓(zi)盤(pan)縣大洞舊石(shi)器文化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址是在(zai)中國南方新發(fa)(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)人類遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址，被(bei)列為1993 年(nian)全國十大考古(gu)成果之首。其(qi)次是商周至秦(qin)漢(han)時期的(de)(de)(de)(de)考古(gu)。主(zhu)要發(fa)(fa)掘(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有普定(ding)銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址、赫(he)章可樂墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)、安順寧谷墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)、興(xing)義萬屯(tun)漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)、興(xing)義交樂漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)、仁懷合馬東(dong)漢(han)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)群(qun)。普定(ding)銅(tong)鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址出土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冶(ye)銅(tong)坩鍋和一(yi)批石(shi)范石(shi)模(mo)，為研究(jiu)貴州(zhou)冶(ye)鑄發(fa)(fa)展史提(ti)供了(le)戰國至秦(qin)漢(han)之際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)實物(wu)依據。此(ci)外，在(zai)貴州(zhou)還發(fa)(fa)現了(le)許多墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬方式不同的(de)(de)(de)(de)少數民族墓(mu)(mu)(mu)葬。

穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)經國(guo)(guo)家考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)隊兩次發(fa)掘，出土(tu)(tu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)完整(zheng)頭骨(gu)(gu)(gu)兩件(jian)，哺乳(ru)動物(wu)(wu)碎骨(gu)(gu)(gu)18,000件(jian)，單個牙齒500多枚，動物(wu)(wu)化石(shi)13個屬或種；出土(tu)(tu)石(shi)制器(qi)(qi)物(wu)(wu)20,000余件(jian)，骨(gu)(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)1,000余件(jian)，以骨(gu)(gu)(gu)錐多，另有(you)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)鏟、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)針(zhen)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)棒等。此外，發(fa)現用火遺(yi)跡多處。穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)一處發(fa)現兩具(ju)(ju)頭骨(gu)(gu)(gu)至今國(guo)(guo)內無(wu)先例，出土(tu)(tu)的(de)(de)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)，超過全(quan)國(guo)(guo)發(fa)現總和30倍，一舉摘(zhai)掉我國(guo)(guo)舊石(shi)器(qi)(qi)文化中貧(pin)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)帽子，世界罕見。穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)具(ju)(ju)有(you)極其(qi)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)考(kao)(kao)古(gu)(gu)研究價值，被中科院(yuan)專家們譽為“亞洲(zhou)文明之(zhi)燈(deng)”，現擬(ni)建“穿(chuan)洞(dong)(dong)古(gu)(gu)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)址(zhi)博物(wu)(wu)館(guan)”。1988年(nian)1月，經國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)批準，公(gong)布為全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重(zhong)點文物(wu)(wu)保護單位。

文物價值

長江三(san)(san)峽地區(qu)(qu)目20世紀50年代發現長陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)后，相繼又發現有建(jian)始人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、巫山人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、奉(feng)節(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等8處古人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)地點(dian)，這使三(san)(san)峽地區(qu)(qu)成為(wei)世界上人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)分布密集的(de)(de)地區(qu)(qu)之一(yi)。但是，由于三(san)(san)峽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)完整(zheng)程度不太(tai)好(以前沒有出(chu)土較完整(zheng)的(de)(de)顱骨(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi))，導致人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)地點(dian)的(de)(de)整(zheng)體研(yan)究水平(ping)不夠深入，學術(shu)界一(yi)直期待(dai)更完整(zheng)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)和更有學術(shu)意義的(de)(de)研(yan)究成果(guo)。

2008年(nian)7月，重(zhong)慶師范大學歷史與(yu)(yu)文博學院師生在三峽古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類資源考(kao)察中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，于奉節(jie)(jie)(jie)縣云(yun)霧鄉穿洞(dong)(dong)(dong)新發現(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)處古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地點(dian)(dian)。初(chu)次(ci)考(kao)察和試(shi)掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)發現(xian)(xian)(xian)l枚(mei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類門齒(chi)(chi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，以及3件(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)和其(qi)他(ta)(ta)一(yi)(yi)些伴生動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。2009年(nian)8月，在穿洞(dong)(dong)(dong)試(shi)掘中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)又發現(xian)(xian)(xian)一(yi)(yi)具完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，并有(you)(you)(you)多件(jian)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)和其(qi)+他(ta)(ta)動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)形態完(wan)好，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)形呈(cheng)卵圓形：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)底、枕(zhen)骨(gu)(gu)等部(bu)位(wei)膠(jiao)結(jie)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)層很(hen)薄的(de)(de)(de)鈣質(zhi)(zhi)礦物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)：顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)冠狀(zhuang)(zhuang)縫(feng)、矢狀(zhuang)(zhuang)縫(feng)、入字縫(feng)愈(yu)合(he)程度(du)微(wei)弱(ruo)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)寬處位(wei)于顱(lu)(lu)(lu)頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后部(bu)；顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)額結(jie)節(jie)(jie)(jie)和項結(jie)節(jie)(jie)(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著，矢狀(zhuang)(zhuang)脊略(lve)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)凸(tu)起：枕(zhen)骨(gu)(gu)后上(shang)部(bu)有(you)(you)(you)發髻狀(zhuang)(zhuang)結(jie)構，上(shang)項線不大明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)；眉骨(gu)(gu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，眉弓內側端(duan)與(yu)(yu)眶上(shang)緣合(he)并：眼眶呈(cheng)長方(fang)(fang)(fang)形，眼眶外下緣較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)圓鈍；鼻根點(dian)(dian)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)淺(qian)，鼻前(qian)棘高(gao)度(du)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；顴弓較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱(ruo)，乳(ru)突較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗大，穿洞(dong)(dong)(dong)出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，，有(you)(you)(you)些形態表現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)原始的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)面，如眉弓較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)，有(you)(you)(you)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)晶(jing)矢狀(zhuang)(zhuang)脊，粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)豹乳(ru)突，以及顱(lu)(lu)(lu)頂較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平(ping)坦(tan)等。但(dan)(dan)該(gai)(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)有(you)(you)(you)些特(te)(te)征(zheng)又顯(xian)示(shi)出(chu)(chu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)進(jin)(jin)步的(de)(de)(de)～面，如顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)壁較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)薄，顴弓較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)弱(ruo)，顳骨(gu)(gu)和鱗(lin)骨(gu)(gu)高(gao)度(du)與(yu)(yu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)接(jie)近(jin)等。該(gai)(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)這種(zhong)原始特(te)(te)征(zheng)與(yu)(yu)進(jin)(jin)步特(te)(te)征(zheng)鑲嵌的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，反映出(chu)(chu)其(qi)具有(you)(you)(you)晚期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)征(zheng)。并且，該(gai)(gai)(gai)件(jian)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些特(te)(te)征(zheng)，與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國其(qi)他(ta)(ta)晚期智人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)相似現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(如頂部(bu)前(qian)囟點(dian)(dian)位(wei)置與(yu)(yu)柳(liu)江人(ren)(ren)(ren)、資陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)樣比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)靠后)。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)性別特(te)(te)征(zheng)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，其(qi)額結(jie)節(jie)(jie)(jie)和頂結(jie)節(jie)(jie)(jie)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)顯(xian)著、顴弓細(xi)而平(ping)直等現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)，顯(xian)示(shi)該(gai)(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)可能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)女性。在年(nian)齡鑒定方(fang)(fang)(fang)面，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)上(shang)保存有(you)(you)(you)4枚(mei)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)頰齒(chi)(chi)，分別是左Ml，右(you)Pl、Ml、M2。顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)左、右(you)Ml齒(chi)(chi)尖磨耗較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，齒(chi)(chi)質(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)連接(jie)成片；右(you)M2齒(chi)(chi)尖大部(bu)分磨去，齒(chi)(chi)質(zhi)(zhi)點(dian)(dian)暴(bao)露。考(kao)慮到_占代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)咀嚼(jiao)食物(wu)(wu)對牙齒(chi)(chi)磨損較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)重(zhong)，推(tui)測該(gai)(gai)(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)個體年(nian)齡可能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、青年(nian)階段。與(yu)(yu)穿洞(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)類顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)伴生的(de)(de)(de)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)動物(wu)(wu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)類有(you)(you)(you)魚、鱉、蝙蝠、豪豬、赤腹(fu)松鼠(shu)、大熊貓、東(dong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)劍齒(chi)(chi)象(xiang)、華南(nan)巨貘、水鹿(lu)、青羊、蘇門羚等，屬于中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)大熊貓一(yi)(yi)劍齒(chi)(chi)象(xiang)動物(wu)(wu)群(qun)，其(qi)地質(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)代(dai)可能為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)更新世晚期。從穿洞(dong)(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)址出(chu)(chu)土的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)品(pin)觀(guan)察，該(gai)(gai)(gai)遺(yi)(yi)址石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)以尖刃器(qi)、刮削器(qi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，器(qi)體形態主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型和小型。器(qi)物(wu)(wu)加工(gong)以使用石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錘進(jin)(jin)行復向、正(zheng)向加工(gong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)風格(ge)反映出(chu)(chu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國南(nan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)礫石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主的(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)，但(dan)(dan)同(tong)時(shi)也表現(xian)(xian)(xian)出(chu)(chu)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國北(bei)方(fang)(fang)(fang)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)片石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)器(qi)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)交流現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)。

重(zhong)慶(qing)穿(chuan)洞晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)和(he)相關文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)跡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)，對促進(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要意義。古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，現(xian)(xian)代(dai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)(yu)(yu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)關系、不同區域人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)遷徙和(he)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)等(deng)是重(zhong)要課題。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，雖然(ran)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)柳江人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、山頂洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、資(zi)陽人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，但(dan)相對于該(gai)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)數量(liang)激增、分(fen)布區域擴大(da)(da)、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)群交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)增加等(deng)事實(shi)，僅靠(kao)目(mu)前有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)進(jin)行研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)還很不夠。重(zhong)慶(qing)穿(chuan)洞古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，其基(ji)(ji)本(ben)特(te)征(zheng)顯示具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)連(lian)(lian)續(xu)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，如該(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)(da)部分(fen)智(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)～樣眼眶(kuang)為(wei)長(chang)方(fang)形(xing)、眼眶(kuang)外下緣較(jiao)為(wei)圓鈍、上面(mian)部(眉骨(gu)(gu)(gu)以上部分(fen))較(jiao)低等(deng)。但(dan)同時(shi)(shi)(shi)，穿(chuan)洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)也存在(zai)有(you)(you)(you)與(yu)(yu)(yu)歐洲同期(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)相似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一些(xie)(xie)現(xian)(xian)象，有(you)(you)(you)些(xie)(xie)現(xian)(xian)象暗示該(gai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)歐洲晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(如沒有(you)(you)(you)印加骨(gu)(gu)(gu)，枕骨(gu)(gu)(gu)上有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)髻(ji)狀結(jie)(jie)構等(deng))。穿(chuan)洞智(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)甚至還反映出與(yu)(yu)(yu)非洲化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)有(you)(you)(you)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)，顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)部位均(jun)在(zai)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)頂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部，而穿(chuan)洞標本(ben)該(gai)特(te)征(zheng)卻(que)與(yu)(yu)(yu)非洲發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同期(qi)(qi)(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)一樣，是在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部偏后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)位置等(deng)。綜合(he)(he)考察(cha)，穿(chuan)洞人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)顱(lu)(lu)(lu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)這種復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體質形(xing)態鑲嵌(qian)現(xian)(xian)象，是更新世(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)間地(di)球上晚期(qi)(qi)(qi)智(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)廣泛(fan)擴散(san)、基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果。這種現(xian)(xian)象符合(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)學(xue)界(jie)提(ti)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)“連(lian)(lian)續(xu)進(jin)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)附帶雜(za)交(jiao)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀點(dian)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)西(xi)(xi)方(fang)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)更新世(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)已(yi)經出現(xian)(xian)。晚更新世(shi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)(qi)，由于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)生(sheng)產(chan)能力進(jin)步和(he)控制性用火的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)普及(ji)等(deng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)已(yi)經擴散(san)到地(di)球表面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)部分(fen)陸(lu)地(di)，并且在(zai)遙遠(yuan)陸(lu)地(di)之間也存在(zai)著自身生(sheng)物(wu)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)和(he)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以前發(fa)現(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藍田人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、大(da)(da)荔人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、馬壩(ba)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)，都在(zai)不同程度上保存有(you)(you)(you)歐洲某些(xie)(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。但(dan)是、因(yin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)和(he)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺(yi)(yi)物(wu)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)，雖然(ran)我(wo)們(men)已(yi)從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)石(shi)(shi)上發(fa)現(xian)(xian)有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)(xi)方(fang)古(gu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)基(ji)(ji)因(yin)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)少許證據，但(dan)在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)器文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)上，卻(que)沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)(xi)方(fang)文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)融(rong)合(he)(he)現(xian)(xian)象。迄(qi)今(jin)為(wei)止，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)還沒有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)一個(ge)兼(jian)具(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西(xi)(xi)方(fang)二元文化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舊石(shi)(shi)器時(shi)(shi)(shi)代(dai)典型遺(yi)(yi)址。

中華人(ren)民共和國(guo)成立(li)后，特(te)別是(shi)近20年(nian)(nian)來，貴州(zhou)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)發(fa)掘成效顯(xian)著。首(shou)先(xian)是(shi)舊石(shi)器(qi)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)。迄(qi)今為(wei)止已(yi)發(fa)現(xian)的早(zao)、中、晚三個時(shi)(shi)期的舊石(shi)器(qi)時(shi)(shi)代(dai)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)50處(chu)，已(yi)正式(shi)發(fa)掘20多處(chu)，主要有(you)黔西觀音洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、桐(tong)梓巖灰洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、水城(cheng)硝灰洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、興義(yi)(yi)貓(mao)貓(mao)洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、普(pu)定(ding)穿洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、六枝桃花洞(dong)(dong)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。在(zai)發(fa)掘的遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中，不僅出(chu)土了(le)打制(zhi)石(shi)器(qi)、骨器(qi)、哺乳動(dong)物化(hua)石(shi)，而且還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)一(yi)批(pi)人(ren)類(lei)牙齒、頜骨、股骨、頭(tou)骨等化(hua)石(shi)，分(fen)別被命名為(wei)“桐(tong)梓猿人(ren)”、“水城(cheng)人(ren)”、“興義(yi)(yi)人(ren)”、“穿洞(dong)(dong)人(ren)”。1982年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)考古(gu)(gu)(gu)工(gong)作者在(zai)桐(tong)梓縣九壩鄉巖灰洞(dong)(dong)發(fa)現(xian)的猿人(ren)化(hua)石(shi)，是(shi)繼云南元謀猿人(ren)之(zhi)后西南地區再次發(fa)現(xian)的猿人(ren)化(hua)石(shi)。盤(pan)縣大洞(dong)(dong)舊石(shi)器(qi)文化(hua)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)在(zai)中國(guo)南方新發(fa)現(xian)的古(gu)(gu)(gu)人(ren)類(lei)遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，被列為(wei)1993年(nian)(nian)全國(guo)十(shi)大考古(gu)(gu)(gu)成果之(zhi)首(shou)。其次是(shi)商周至(zhi)秦漢(han)時(shi)(shi)期的考古(gu)(gu)(gu)。主要發(fa)掘的有(you)普(pu)定(ding)銅鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、赫章(zhang)可樂墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、安順寧(ning)谷墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、興義(yi)(yi)萬屯(tun)漢(han)墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、興義(yi)(yi)交樂漢(han)墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)、仁懷合馬(ma)東(dong)漢(han)墓(mu)群(qun)(qun)。普(pu)定(ding)銅鼓山遺(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)土的冶(ye)銅坩鍋和一(yi)批(pi)石(shi)范石(shi)模(mo)，為(wei)研究貴州(zhou)冶(ye)鑄(zhu)發(fa)展史提供了(le)戰(zhan)國(guo)至(zhi)秦漢(han)之(zhi)際的實物依據。此外(wai)，在(zai)貴州(zhou)還發(fa)現(xian)了(le)許(xu)多墓(mu)葬(zang)方式(shi)不同的少數民族墓(mu)葬(zang)。

人類(lei)化(hua)(hua)石上出現(xian)有(you)中兩方(fang)基(ji)因交流現(xian)象(xiang)，石器文(wen)化(hua)(hua)上卻缺少中西方(fang)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)碰撞和兼(jian)容，這種(zhong)復雜的人類(lei)演(yan)化(hua)(hua)和文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)播過程(cheng)顯然(ran)需要不斷補充(chong)新證據并加強(qiang)研究。重(zhong)慶(qing)穿洞古人類(lei)化(hua)(hua)石和石器文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的發現(xian)，是揭示三峽地區人類(lei)和文(wen)化(hua)(hua)演(yan)進的珍貴材料，而且對研究中國(guo)乃至世界(jie)范圍內的人類(lei)基(ji)因交流和文(wen)化(hua)(hua)傳(chuan)播將產生積極(ji)影響。