東(dong)山古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群全國重點文物(wu)保護(hu)單位,明(ming)至清代樓(lou)(lou)閣寺觀古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群。位于(yu)貴州省(sheng)銅仁(ren)市城(cheng)東(dong)隅,南臨(lin)錦江。占地約3萬平方米。銅仁(ren)東(dong)山古(gu)木(mu)參天,風景秀麗。明(ming)清古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群有明(ming)正德(de)十一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(1516年(nian)(nian))在山巔建(jian)的(de)“澄江樓(lou)(lou)”、“川(chuan)上亭(ting)”,嘉靖二(er)(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1543年(nian)(nian))增建(jian)的(de)“大(da)觀樓(lou)(lou)”,清道光(guang)(guang)二(er)(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(1822年(nian)(nian))建(jian)的(de)“奎星閣”,以及其他(ta)清代古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)崇真觀、崇仙宮(gong)(gong)、真武(wu)(wu)觀、文昌宮(gong)(gong)、大(da)雄殿(dian)、武(wu)(wu)侯祠、魁星樓(lou)(lou)、護(hu)國樓(lou)(lou)、二(er)(er)(er)(er)吳亭(ting)等。大(da)致分山頂(ding)、西側山坡、南側崖(ya)頂(ding)三(san)組(zu)。山頂(ding)僅存(cun)的(de)雷神殿(dian)和真武(wu)(wu)殿(dian),一(yi)前一(yi)后(hou),面闊各(ge)三(san)間(jian)、五間(jian),山墻均(jun)為屏風墻。真武(wu)(wu)殿(dian)后(hou)還有大(da)雄寶(bao)殿(dian)及吊腳樓(lou)(lou)形式(shi)的(de)左右(you)配殿(dian)。現辟為貴州銅仁(ren)文化博物(wu)館(guan)。館(guan)旁(pang)有建(jian)于(yu)1912年(nian)(nian)的(de)光(guang)(guang)復紀念碑(bei)。
銅(tong)仁(ren)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑群位于(yu)銅(tong)仁(ren)市中山(shan)(shan)(shan)路兩側及(ji)大(da)江北路東(dong)側,始建(jian)于(yu)明初(chu),清代(dai)續修,現(xian)存建(jian)筑大(da)部(bu)(bu)分為(wei)清代(dai)遺構。銅(tong)仁(ren)東(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑群集廟(miao)宇、會(hui)館(guan)、民(min)居(ju)、店鋪(pu)、古(gu)城(cheng)墻、碼(ma)頭(tou)及(ji)自然(ran)(ran) 山(shan)(shan)(shan)水于(yu)一隅,類(lei)別豐富、規(gui)模宏大(da)。占地(di)(di)面(mian)積11 萬平方米,建(jian)筑面(mian)積27555 平方米,分東(dong)、西 兩個部(bu)(bu)分。東(dong)部(bu)(bu)為(wei)廟(miao)宇、城(cheng)墻、碼(ma)頭(tou)、民(min)居(ju)。廟(miao)宇依山(shan)(shan)(shan)而(er)建(jian),民(min)居(ju)以江為(wei)屏,多為(wei)前店后宅, 周以高墻圍護(hu),內辟若干天(tian)井。多為(wei)四合院,亦有三合院,雖然(ran)(ran)中軸對稱,但大(da)門隨地(di)(di)勢多朝 巷(xiang)口而(er)不向大(da)街。而(er)西部(bu)(bu)的川主宮則為(wei)會(hui)館(guan)建(jian)筑,系巴蜀(shu)客商集會(hui)地(di)(di)。
銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)原為(wei)土司地區(qu)(qu),元置銅(tong)(tong)人大小江等處蠻夷長官司,明初改銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)長官司,屬思(si)南宣(xuan)慰(wei)司。明永樂十一年(nian)(nian)(1413年(nian)(nian))廢(fei)除(chu)思(si)州、思(si)南二宣(xuan)慰(wei)司,改設黔東八府(fu)(fu)(fu),合貴州宣(xuan)慰(wei)司建(jian)立貴州省(sheng)(sheng)。銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)府(fu)(fu)(fu)與(yu)貴州建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)同齡,在往(wang)后的歲月中,文(wen)教興起(qi),商(shang)業繁盛,留下許多文(wen)物(wu)古(gu)跡。從上世紀80年(nian)(nian)代起(qi),銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)留下的文(wen)物(wu)越來越受到重視,先(xian)是(shi)1982年(nian)(nian)貴州省(sheng)(sheng)人民政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)(fu)批準周逸群(qun)故(gu)居(ju)為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei),繼后是(shi)1985年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)東山古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun)列為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei),1997年(nian)(nian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)川主宮列為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)保。2006年(nian)(nian),將銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)內的這些文(wen)物(wu)聯合申報,統稱為(wei)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)東山古(gu)建(jian)筑群(qun),經(jing)(jing)國(guo)務院批準,公(gong)布為(wei)全國(guo)重點(dian)文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。這組古(gu)建(jian)筑反(fan)映了(le)歷史的滄桑,反(fan)映了(le)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)(ren)六百年(nian)(nian)的歷史進(jin)程(cheng),也反(fan)映了(le)邊(bian)遠地區(qu)(qu)政(zheng)治、經(jing)(jing)濟、文(wen)化(hua)的演進(jin)。
錦(jin)江(jiang)繞銅仁(ren)城而過(guo),江(jiang)邊突兀聳起一(yi)座山(shan)峰(feng),因在(zai)城東(dong)(dong)(dong)而稱東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)。明朝正德十一(yi)年(nian)(1516年(nian)),參議蔡湖(hu)在(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)臨(lin)江(jiang)壁立的(de)山(shan)巔修(xiu)建(jian)澄江(jiang)亭(ting)(ting)和(he)川上(shang)亭(ting)(ting),題(ti)為(wei)(wei)“舞雯遐思”。嘉靖二(er)(er)(er)十二(er)(er)(er)年(nian)(1543年(nian)),知(zhi)府李資坤增建(jian)大(da)(da)觀(guan)(guan)樓(lou),順治十八年(nian)(1661年(nian))知(zhi)府梁懋宸復修(xiu)雙峰(feng)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)及兼隱庵。此后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)郡(jun)人(ren)(ren)及官紳先后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)修(xiu)建(jian)真(zhen)(zhen)武觀(guan)(guan)、文(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)、奎星(xing)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)、武侯祠、大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、護(hu)國樓(lou)、二(er)(er)(er)吳(wu)亭(ting)(ting)等,綿延(yan)數百年(nian)而形成東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)古(gu)建(jian)筑群。山(shan)頂的(de)一(yi)組建(jian)筑佛(fo)道相間,雷神殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)真(zhen)(zhen)武殿(dian)(dian)(dian),真(zhen)(zhen)武殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)雄寶殿(dian)(dian)(dian),大(da)(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)天師殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)三(san)(san)(san)檐六角攢尖頂閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou),底層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)張天師,二(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)白(bai)衣觀(guan)(guan)音,三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)送(song)子觀(guan)(guan)音,各(ge)路神仙、菩薩在(zai)這里和(he)平共(gong)處。半山(shan)腰上(shang)的(de)一(yi)組建(jian)筑,以二(er)(er)(er)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)文(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心,二(er)(er)(er)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)面闊(kuo)三(san)(san)(san)間,樓(lou)高三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng),底層(ceng)左(zuo)供(gong)(gong)文(wen)昌(chang)君,右供(gong)(gong)關(guan)圣,二(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)諸(zhu)葛(ge)武侯,三(san)(san)(san)層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)魁星(xing);文(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)(ge)(ge)為(wei)(wei)二(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)四角攢尖頂閣(ge)(ge)(ge)樓(lou),底層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)文(wen)昌(chang)君,二(er)(er)(er)層(ceng)供(gong)(gong)玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝(di)。看來宗教世俗化日(ri)益明顯,強調文(wen)治武功,人(ren)(ren)們(men)崇尚(shang)玉(yu)皇大(da)(da)帝(di)、文(wen)昌(chang)君、關(guan)圣和(he)諸(zhu)葛(ge)武侯,二(er)(er)(er)圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)內立有文(wen)昌(chang)騎鹿、關(guan)公騎馬的(de)泥塑。近(jin)江(jiang)懸崖上(shang)的(de)一(yi)組建(jian)筑,有紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)辛亥革(ge)命的(de)“光復紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)碑”,有紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)護(hu)國戰爭勝(sheng)利的(de)護(hu)國樓(lou)和(he)二(er)(er)(er)吳(wu)亭(ting)(ting),有“抗日(ri)陣(zhen)亡將士(shi)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)碑”,1976年(nian)又建(jian)“唐山(shan)地震不幸殉職同志紀(ji)(ji)(ji)念(nian)碑”。1990年(nian),在(zai)東(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)麓建(jian)立全國一(yi)個(ge)“儺(nuo)文(wen)化博物館”。
東(dong)(dong)山廟(miao)宇建(jian)(jian)筑分(fen)布于山頂、山腰及(ji)山麓(lu)。明(ming)清以來,先后(hou)建(jian)(jian)過幾十座(zuo)廟(miao)宇,現仍存川上亭、雷神殿(dian)、真武殿(dian)、大雄寶殿(dian)、東(dong)(dong)西廂房,此外還有(you)觀音閣(ge)、鎮遠樓、雙峰(feng)閣(ge)、藏書室、洗墨(mo)池、云彩(cai)江聲等古(gu)建(jian)(jian)筑或遺(yi)跡。建(jian)(jian)筑依山就勢,由南(nan)而(er)(er)北,由西而(er)(er)東(dong)(dong),逐漸(jian)升高,體現出傳(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)筑與山區地(di)形的(de)結合。
川上亭建(jian)于東山(shan)臨江(jiang)絕壁(bi)上,為兩(liang)重檐六角攢尖頂。大雄(xiong)寶殿(dian)面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian),穿(chuan)斗、抬梁(liang)混合(he)結(jie)構(gou),硬山(shan)青瓦(wa)頂。真(zhen)武殿(dian)面(mian)闊五(wu)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)五(wu)間(jian)(jian),穿(chuan)斗式硬山(shan)頂。雷(lei)神殿(dian),面(mian)闊三(san)間(jian)(jian),進(jin)深(shen)三(san)間(jian)(jian),穿(chuan)斗式硬山(shan)頂。飛山(shan)廟位于山(shan)麓,為清(qing)康熙年間(jian)(jian)續修邊墻、鎮壓“紅苗”的副將賀國(guo)賢(xian)建(jian),現存戲(xi)樓、兩(liang)廂(xiang)、正殿(dian),建(jian)筑(zhu)面(mian)積1145.10平方米(mi)。
銅(tong)仁(ren)先后建有川主(zhu)(zhu)宮(gong)(gong)、萬壽(shou)宮(gong)(gong)、禹王宮(gong)(gong)、天后宮(gong)(gong)等(deng)會館建筑(zhu)(zhu)。川主(zhu)(zhu)宮(gong)(gong)又稱川主(zhu)(zhu)廟(miao),始建于明洪(hong)武(wu)八(ba)年(1375年),其(qi)后屢有修葺(qi)。清光緒四年(1878年)增建完善。坐西北向東南(nan)。中軸對稱。自(zi)東南(nan)而西北依次為碼頭、牌樓(lou)(lou)大門(men)、戲樓(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)、兩廂(xiang)、觀音殿(dian)等(deng)。現存(cun)牌樓(lou)(lou)大門(men)、戲樓(lou)(lou)、正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)、兩廂(xiang)等(deng)。建筑(zhu)(zhu)群背山面(mian)(mian)(mian)水(shui),占地面(mian)(mian)(mian)積5000平方米,建筑(zhu)(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積1200平方米。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)五間,通(tong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)21.7米,進(jin)深(shen)三間,通(tong)進(jin)深(shen)8.9米。前帶抱廈,面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)三間,通(tong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)闊(kuo)13.5米,進(jin)深(shen)一(yi)間3.6米,穿斗式封火(huo)山墻青瓦頂。梁架上(shang)用(yong)駝峰及(ji)象頭形穿插枋。脊瓜柱兩側用(yong)云紋飾叉手支撐。格扇(shan)門(men)窗。大梁題(ti)記(ji)隱約可見。左廂(xiang)維護墻上(shang)嵌(qian)清咸豐(feng)、同治(zhi)年間記(ji)事及(ji)告示碑5通(tong)。
銅仁現(xian)存城門(men)(men)(men)(men)兩座(zuo),碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭4處,東(dong)山—江宗門(men)(men)(men)(men)—后水(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)段城墻1800余(yu)米(mi)。城墻多臨(lin)水(shui)而(er)建,皆以(yi)料石砌筑(zhu)。碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭有嚴(yan)格分工,除下南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭為(wei)關卡外,其(qi)余(yu)均為(wei)貨(huo)運碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭。便水(shui)門(men)(men)(men)(men)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭、江宗門(men)(men)(men)(men)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭專門(men)(men)(men)(men)停靠(kao)錦江上(shang)游、梵凈山下來(lai)的桐油、花(hua)生、木材(cai)、煙(yan)草(cao)、藥(yao)材(cai)、豬鬃、朱砂、水(shui)銀等土(tu)特產(chan)。中(zhong)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭、西(xi)門(men)(men)(men)(men)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭為(wei)運往湖南(nan)常(chang)德等地的土(tu)特產(chan)和下游運來(lai)的棉花(hua)、布匹、糖果(guo)、瓷器等物資裝卸用(yong)。川(chuan)主宮碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭為(wei)四(si)川(chuan)人專用(yong),川(chuan)鹽由(you)此上(shang)岸并轉運黔(qian)中(zhong)各地。明清時代,中(zhong)南(nan)門(men)(men)(men)(men)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭位居銅仁各大碼(ma)(ma)(ma)頭之首,現(xian)仍在使用(yong)中(zhong)。
明清(qing)以來,隨著“五溪”之(zhi)一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)錦江(又稱辰水、麻陽江)水運日趨發(fa)達,外省客商逆江深入武陵腹地(di),使苗(miao)鄉古城(cheng)、武陵明珠銅(tong)仁迅(xun)速崛起,大批具有(you)徽派建(jian)(jian)筑特點的(de)(de)(de)民居(ju)相繼落(luo)成,終形成具有(you)11條街巷、135棟商住合一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)中南門民居(ju)建(jian)(jian)筑群。湘鄂西革命根據地(di)創建(jian)(jian)人之(zhi)一(yi)、賀龍同(tong)志入黨介紹人周逸群烈(lie)士的(de)(de)(de)故居(ju)也位居(ju)其(qi)中。
中山(shan)路(lu)兩側及雙江路(lu)。其(qi)建筑(zhu)布局(ju)多為(wei)(wei)前店(dian)后(hou)宅或(huo)前店(dian)后(hou)坊(fang),店(dian)鋪(pu)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)多進(jin)院(yuan)、帶(dai)天井的四(si)合大(da)院(yuan)。平面(mian)上(shang)多為(wei)(wei)小面(mian)闊、大(da)進(jin)深的格(ge)局(ju),滿足(zu)了在(zai)臨街方向爭得(de)一席經營(ying)的需(xu)求。店(dian)鋪(pu)多為(wei)(wei)兩層,為(wei)(wei)避雨和(he)遮陽,常做(zuo)成兩重檐(當(dang)地叫眉毛(mao)廈),采用產自梵凈山(shan)的粗大(da)椿木(mu)或(huo)柏木(mu)做(zuo)抬梁,其(qi)直徑均在(zai)35厘(li)米以上(shang)。
東山古建筑群具有重要文物價值,堪稱武陵山區、錦江河畔的一顆明(ming)珠。
“銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)”早稱(cheng)“銅(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren)”,曾置銅(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)小江(jiang)等處(chu)長官司。相傳(chuan)元代有(you)(you)漁(yu)民在大(da)(da)江(jiang)、小江(jiang)交匯處(chu)的(de)(de)巨崖下揀到三尊(zun)小銅(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren),巨崖因(yin)(yin)此(ci)稱(cheng)“銅(tong)(tong)崖”,其地因(yin)(yin)此(ci)稱(cheng)“銅(tong)(tong)人(ren)(ren)”。不論傳(chuan)說是否(fou)可信,發源于武陵山(shan)主(zhu)峰梵凈山(shan)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)江(jiang)、小江(jiang)在銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)相匯則是不爭的(de)(de)事實(shi)。如果沒(mei)有(you)(you)梵凈山(shan),如果沒(mei)有(you)(you)大(da)(da)小江(jiang),恐(kong)怕不會有(you)(you)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)(ren)。
憑借從梵凈(jing)山(shan)流下(xia)的(de)(de)錦江,可(ke)達百里(li)洞庭(ting),銅(tong)仁因(yin)此成為武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)大商埠(bu),僅碼頭就多達六(liu)七座。銅(tong)仁碼頭是武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)面向中州大地(di)的(de)(de)重要窗(chuang)口。銅(tong)仁東山(shan)古建(jian)筑群的(de)(de)形成,得(de)益于武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)自然(ran)和特(te)產。因(yin)此,可(ke)以說,銅(tong)仁東山(shan)古建(jian)筑群是觀察武(wu)(wu)陵(ling)(ling)山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)豐富資源的(de)(de)窗(chuang)口。
銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)秦(qin)漢時(shi)為(wei)“武(wu)陵(ling)蠻(man)(man)(man)”居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)地(di),唐宋時(shi)為(wei)“五溪蠻(man)(man)(man)”居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)地(di)。“武(wu)陵(ling)蠻(man)(man)(man)”、“五溪蠻(man)(man)(man)”是(shi)以(yi)苗(miao)族(zu)為(wei)主體的(de)(de)(de)眾多少(shao)數民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)的(de)(de)(de)祖先。元(yuan)代銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)置“銅(tong)(tong)人(ren)大小江(jiang)等(deng)處蠻(man)(man)(man)夷長官司(si)”。明(ming)永(yong)樂十一(yi)年(1413年)“改土歸(gui)流”,建(jian)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)府。銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)是(shi)開(kai)(kai)發較早的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。自明(ming)清以(yi)來,錦江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)運(yun)日趨發達,大批湖南(nan)、江(jiang)西客商逆江(jiang)來到(dao)銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren),與(yu)(yu)當地(di)少(shao)數民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)共同開(kai)(kai)發武(wu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),再加(jia)(jia)上(shang)川鹽入黔,促進了銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)府的(de)(de)(de)發展與(yu)(yu)繁榮。與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi),銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)還是(shi)歷(li)代封(feng)建(jian)王(wang)朝“開(kai)(kai)辟苗(miao)疆”的(de)(de)(de)前沿(yan)陣地(di),民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)沖突時(shi)有發生。反映(ying)在古建(jian)筑方面(mian),即(ji)有“經兵火,樓盡(jin)毀”、“郡(jun)署毀于(yu)(yu)苗(miao)”等(deng)記載。但從(cong)另一(yi)方面(mian)看(kan),“前沿(yan)陣地(di)”利于(yu)(yu)加(jia)(jia)速文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)交流與(yu)(yu)融(rong)合,從(cong)而使銅(tong)(tong)仁(ren)成為(wei)少(shao)數民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)文化(hua)(hua)與(yu)(yu)中原傳統文化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)乳交融(rong)之(zhi)地(di)。譬(pi)如石庫門(men)上(shang)浮雕八卦、八仙、古錢、萬字、魚(yu)(yu)形水(shui)(shui)草、水(shui)(shui)牛(niu)望(wang)月、山(shan)(shan)羊銜(xian)芝、牛(niu)角(jiao)守門(men)等(deng)圖案。將(jiang)葉子刻(ke)(ke)成鯉魚(yu)(yu)形,將(jiang)犀牛(niu)望(wang)月刻(ke)(ke)成水(shui)(shui)牛(niu)望(wang)月,將(jiang)野鹿含芝刻(ke)(ke)成山(shan)(shan)羊含芝,特別(bie)是(shi)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)牛(niu)角(jiao)鐫刻(ke)(ke)于(yu)(yu)石庫門(men)上(shang)以(yi)示水(shui)(shui)牛(niu)把(ba)門(men),都(dou)是(shi)苗(miao)族(zu)文化(hua)(hua)典型(xing)標志。在武(wu)陵(ling)山(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu),魚(yu)(yu)不僅(jin)是(shi)富(fu)裕的(de)(de)(de)象征,還是(shi)繁榮的(de)(de)(de)標志,而水(shui)(shui)牛(niu)則為(wei)苗(miao)族(zu)村(cun)民(min)(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)崇(chong)拜對象。東山(shan)(shan)古建(jian)筑群是(shi)研究武(wu)陵(ling)地(di)區(qu)(qu)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)關(guan)系的(de)(de)(de)實物資料。
與東(dong)山遙相對應,在(zai)(zai)大(da)、小(xiao)兩江匯流處有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座聳立于江心的(de)銅巖(yan)(yan),正(zheng)德(de)十一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)參(can)議蔡(cai)湖在(zai)(zai)巖(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)建(jian)(jian)跨鰲(ao)(ao)亭,期盼銅仁生員科舉考試能獨占(zhan)鰲(ao)(ao)頭。康熙四(si)(si)十九(jiu)年(nian)(1710年(nian))知府蘇稷改銅巖(yan)(yan)為小(xiao)金(jin)山,增建(jian)(jian)上(shang)(shang)下兩亭,后人(ren)撰楹聯一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)副(fu):“雙亭蕩云海,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)柱砥(di)風濤(tao)”,又在(zai)(zai)巖(yan)(yan)壁上(shang)(shang)題“中流砥(di)柱”四(si)(si)個(ge)大(da)字。1993年(nian),銅仁市(shi)人(ren)民(min)政府重(zhong)修跨鰲(ao)(ao)亭,為三檐六角攢尖頂,高18米。沿(yan)江而(er)下有(you)水(shui)(shui)星閣(ge),它建(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)面(mian)傍山、三面(mian)環水(shui)(shui)的(de)地方,上(shang)(shang)方有(you)漁梁(liang)灘,每當皓(hao)月當空,江水(shui)(shui)潺潺,碧波點點,構成“漁梁(liang)夜(ye)月”勝景。明嘉靖十四(si)(si)年(nian)(1535年(nian))知府魏文(wen)相在(zai)(zai)火星巖(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)開鑿一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)池,大(da)書一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)“水(shui)(shui)”字,據說是以(yi)水(shui)(shui)克水(shui)(shui),又建(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)閣(ge)為民(min)禳災(zai)祈福(fu),康熙九(jiu)年(nian)(1670年(nian))知縣趙景福(fu)在(zai)(zai)原址(zhi)建(jian)(jian)閣(ge),易名水(shui)(shui)星閣(ge)。