北戴河近代建筑建設可追溯到,1917年在此修建了中國第一條旅游鐵路支線后就進入繁榮時期,七年間共增建別墅273幢。北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)近代建筑群。加上(shang)以前(qian)三十多年(nian)建的(de)253幢(chuang),到(dao)1924年(nian)北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)海(hai)濱有中(zhong)(zhong)外別墅樓526幢(chuang),其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)國人的(de)別墅占四分之一(yi)(yi);以后的(de)二十四年(nian)間,又(you)建新別墅193幢(chuang),中(zhong)(zhong)國人的(de)占了一(yi)(yi)半(ban)。這些建筑分布在北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)海(hai)濱自(zi)西聯峰山到(dao)鴿子窩沿海(hai),總面積18平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里。如(ru)喬和別墅,又(you)名瑞士小姐樓,位于(yu)北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)安二路5號,今(jin)水利部北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)療養院內。建于(yu)20世紀20年(nian)代,坐北(bei)向南(nan),為(wei)地(di)下一(yi)(yi)層,地(di)上(shang)兩層,毛石(shi)基礎,墻(qiang)體為(wei)磚砌(qi)水刷石(shi)貼面,局部為(wei)毛石(shi)壘砌(qi),歐式堡壘建筑。該建筑造型獨特(te),風格(ge)優(you)雅,占地(di)面積較大,有附屬花園,園內種有珍奇花木,環境優(you)美(mei),是目(mu)前(qian)北(bei)戴河(he)(he)(he)優(you)秀近代建筑。
北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she),最早可以(yi)追溯到19世紀末,自(zi)(zi)1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)海濱修(xiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了(le)中國(guo)(guo)第一(yi)條旅(lv)游鐵路支線后就進入繁(fan)榮時期。其(qi)中1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)13幢(chuang)(chuang),1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)39幢(chuang)(chuang),1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)32幢(chuang)(chuang),1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)16幢(chuang)(chuang),1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)57幢(chuang)(chuang),1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)80幢(chuang)(chuang),1923年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)36幢(chuang)(chuang),7年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間共增(zeng)(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)別(bie)墅(shu)273幢(chuang)(chuang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)上以(yi)前(qian)30多年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)253幢(chuang)(chuang),到1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)海濱有(you)(you)中外(wai)別(bie)墅(shu)樓526幢(chuang)(chuang),其(qi)中中國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)別(bie)墅(shu)占(zhan)四(si)(si)分之(zhi)一(yi),以(yi)后的(de)(de)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間,又(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新別(bie)墅(shu)193幢(chuang)(chuang),其(qi)中中國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)占(zhan)了(le)一(yi)半(ban)。但從總數看,中國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)別(bie)墅(shu)還是大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)少于外(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)別(bie)墅(shu)。別(bie)墅(shu)樓的(de)(de)數字(zi)變化(hua)(hua),也反映了(le)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)海濱自(zi)(zi)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)被(bei)清政府辟(pi)為(wei)(wei)"允中外(wai)人(ren)(ren)士雜居"的(de)(de)避暑地(di)的(de)(de)發展過程。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)各異(yi)且具有(you)(you)某些(xie)(xie)(xie)共同特點(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)別(bie)墅(shu)樓的(de)(de)設(she)計者,多為(wei)(wei)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren),而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)者則(ze)都是中國(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包工頭以(yi)草廠村(cun)的(de)(de)闞向舞最為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)名(ming),他因(yin)與德國(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設(she)計師魏迪錫及蓋林合(he)作承包了(le)不少工程而發了(le)大(da)(da)(da)財。這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分布在北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)海濱自(zi)(zi)西(xi)聯峰山至鴿(ge)子窩沿海三(san)里(li)范圍內,總面(mian)積18平方(fang)公(gong)里(li)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)多為(wei)(wei)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)別(bie)墅(shu),北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)稍(shao)有(you)(you)變化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)矩形(xing)平面(mian),也有(you)(you)變化(hua)(hua)多樣(yang)的(de)(de)平面(mian);多為(wei)(wei)單層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),部(bu)分為(wei)(wei)二、三(san)層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);簡單的(de)(de)西(xi)式(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)坡屋(wu)頂;一(yi)面(mian)、二面(mian)、三(san)面(mian)或者四(si)(si)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)外(wai)廊,外(wai)廊進深很(hen)大(da)(da)(da)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積大(da)(da)(da),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物居中,周圍空地(di)多,院內廣植花(hua)草樹木(mu),環境良好(hao),非常適宜休閑避暑。這(zhe)(zhe)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)是西(xi)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在殖民(min)地(di)尤其(qi)是熱帶地(di)區根據當(dang)地(di)氣候、居住的(de)(de)需要,結(jie)合(he)當(dang)地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge),它(ta)的(de)(de)特點(dian)(dian)是通風(feng)良好(hao),適宜室外(wai)長(chang)廊活動,這(zhe)(zhe)在有(you)(you)關北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)近(jin)代(dai)的(de)(de)文獻(xian)中屢(lv)屢(lv)提到,北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)部(bu)分近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)(zhe)種殖民(min)式(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)還有(you)(you)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體量較大(da)(da)(da),設(she)計優美,現狀保(bao)存良好(hao),這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)是將西(xi)式(shi)(shi)各種建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)相融合(he)的(de)(de)折衷主義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。已經申報(bao)為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)(dian)文物保(bao)護單位的(de)(de)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。