北戴河近代建筑建設可追溯到,1917年在此修建了中國第一條旅游鐵路支線后就進入繁榮時期,七年間共增建別墅273幢。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河近代(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)。加上以前(qian)三(san)十(shi)多年(nian)建(jian)的253幢(chuang),到(dao)1924年(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河海(hai)濱(bin)有(you)中外別墅(shu)樓526幢(chuang),其(qi)中中國人的別墅(shu)占(zhan)四分之一(yi);以后的二(er)十(shi)四年(nian)間,又(you)建(jian)新別墅(shu)193幢(chuang),中國人的占(zhan)了一(yi)半(ban)。這些建(jian)筑(zhu)分布在北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河海(hai)濱(bin)自西聯峰山到(dao)鴿(ge)子窩(wo)沿海(hai),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)18平方公里。如喬和別墅(shu),又(you)名瑞士小姐(jie)樓,位于北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河安二(er)路5號,今(jin)水利部北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河療養院內(nei)(nei)。建(jian)于20世紀20年(nian)代(dai)(dai),坐北(bei)(bei)向南,為(wei)地下一(yi)層,地上兩層,毛石基礎(chu),墻體為(wei)磚砌水刷石貼面(mian),局(ju)部為(wei)毛石壘(lei)砌,歐式堡壘(lei)建(jian)筑(zhu)。該建(jian)筑(zhu)造型(xing)獨(du)特,風格優(you)雅,占(zhan)地面(mian)積(ji)較(jiao)大,有(you)附屬花園(yuan),園(yuan)內(nei)(nei)種有(you)珍奇花木,環境(jing)優(you)美(mei),是(shi)目前(qian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河優(you)秀近代(dai)(dai)建(jian)筑(zhu)。
北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設,最早(zao)可以(yi)追溯到(dao)19世(shi)紀末,自(zi)(zi)1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)海(hai)濱(bin)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)了中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)第一(yi)條旅游(you)鐵路支線后(hou)就進(jin)入繁(fan)榮時期。其中(zhong)1917年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)13幢(chuang),1918年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)39幢(chuang),1919年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)32幢(chuang),1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)16幢(chuang),1921年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)57幢(chuang),1922年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)80幢(chuang),1923年(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)36幢(chuang),7年(nian)(nian)(nian)間共增(zeng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)別墅273幢(chuang),加(jia)(jia)上以(yi)前30多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)253幢(chuang),到(dao)1924年(nian)(nian)(nian)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)海(hai)濱(bin)有(you)(you)中(zhong)外(wai)別墅樓526幢(chuang),其中(zhong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)別墅占(zhan)四(si)分(fen)之一(yi),以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)24年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,又建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)新別墅193幢(chuang),其中(zhong)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)占(zhan)了一(yi)半(ban)。但從總(zong)數看,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別墅還是(shi)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)少(shao)于外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別墅。別墅樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數字變(bian)(bian)化(hua),也(ye)反映了北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)海(hai)濱(bin)自(zi)(zi)1898年(nian)(nian)(nian)被清政府辟為(wei)(wei)"允(yun)中(zhong)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)雜居"的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)避暑地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展過(guo)程。這(zhe)些形(xing)(xing)式各異(yi)且具有(you)(you)某些共同特點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)別墅樓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計者,多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)外(wai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren),而建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)造者則都(dou)是(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)當(dang)地(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)包工頭以(yi)草廠村的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闞向舞最為(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)名,他因與(yu)德國(guo)(guo)(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)設計師(shi)魏迪錫(xi)及蓋林(lin)合(he)作承包了不少(shao)工程而發(fa)了大(da)(da)財。這(zhe)些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)分(fen)布(bu)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)海(hai)濱(bin)自(zi)(zi)西(xi)(xi)聯峰山(shan)至鴿子(zi)窩(wo)沿海(hai)三里范圍(wei)內(nei),總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)18平方公里。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)西(xi)(xi)式別墅,北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)稍(shao)有(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矩形(xing)(xing)平面(mian),也(ye)有(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)多(duo)(duo)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平面(mian);多(duo)(duo)為(wei)(wei)單層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),部分(fen)為(wei)(wei)二、三層建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)(xi)式四(si)坡屋(wu)頂;一(yi)面(mian)、二面(mian)、三面(mian)或(huo)者四(si)面(mian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)外(wai)廊(lang),外(wai)廊(lang)進(jin)深很大(da)(da)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)大(da)(da),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)物居中(zhong),周(zhou)圍(wei)空地(di)多(duo)(duo),院內(nei)廣(guang)植花草樹木(mu),環境(jing)良好(hao),非常適(shi)宜休閑避暑。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)是(shi)西(xi)(xi)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)在(zai)(zai)殖民地(di)尤其是(shi)熱帶地(di)區根據(ju)當(dang)地(di)氣候(hou)、居住的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao),結合(he)當(dang)地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點是(shi)通風(feng)良好(hao),適(shi)宜室外(wai)長廊(lang)活動,這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)有(you)(you)關北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)近(jin)代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)文獻中(zhong)屢屢提到(dao),北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)大(da)(da)部分(fen)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為(wei)(wei)這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)殖民式建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形(xing)(xing)式。北(bei)(bei)戴(dai)河(he)還有(you)(you)一(yi)些近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體量較(jiao)大(da)(da),設計優(you)美(mei),現狀保存良好(hao),這(zhe)些建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)是(shi)將西(xi)(xi)式各種(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)相融(rong)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)折衷(zhong)主(zhu)義建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。已經申報為(wei)(wei)全國(guo)(guo)(guo)重點文物保護單位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)近(jin)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。