龜地(di)(di)遺址所處位置(zhi)建制(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)變,商(shang)代(dai)為(wei)孤竹國(guo)領地(di)(di),春秋戰國(guo)時(shi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)燕國(guo),秦屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)右(you)北(bei)平郡(jun)(jun),西漢時(shi)期(qi)(qi)開始建縣(xian)(xian)制(zhi)(zhi),史稱土(tu)垠(yin)縣(xian)(xian)、徐無(wu)縣(xian)(xian)、無(wu)終縣(xian)(xian)。三國(guo)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)魏(wei)國(guo),西晉時(shi)期(qi)(qi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)歸(gui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)北(bei)平郡(jun)(jun)土(tu)垠(yin)、徐無(wu)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)。北(bei)魏(wei)初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)漁陽(yang)郡(jun)(jun)的(de)士垠(yin)縣(xian)(xian)和徐無(wu)縣(xian)(xian)。北(bei)齊(qi)天保元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(550年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))廢(fei)土(tu)垠(yin)縣(xian)(xian),設東北(bei)道(dao)行臺(tai)。隋(sui)時(shi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)漁陽(yang)縣(xian)(xian)。唐武(wu)德二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(619年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)無(wu)終縣(xian)(xian),唐武(wu)后萬(wan)歲通天二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(697年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),無(wu)終縣(xian)(xian)改名(ming)玉田(tian)縣(xian)(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)河北(bei)道(dao)薊(ji)州玉田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)。遼代(dai)為(wei)永濟務,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)玉田(tian)縣(xian)(xian)。金大安元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1209年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))始稱豐(feng)閏,歸(gui)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)薊(ji)州。元(yuan)(yuan)世(shi)祖二十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1284年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))豐(feng)閏縣(xian)(xian)改為(wei)豐(feng)閏署,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)大都路薊(ji)州。明洪武(wu)元(yuan)(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1368年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))改名(ming)豐(feng)潤,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)順天府薊(ji)州。后一直沿用(yong)。
1980年,由豐潤縣(xian)劃(hua)出(chu)一部(bu)分,成立(li)唐山市新區。
1990年4月,在(zai)全國第二次文物普查(cha)河北省文物普查(cha)補漏時(shi),普查(cha)人員在(zai)調查(cha)中發現該遺址。遺址東西長65米(mi)、南北寬59米(mi),平面略呈圓(yuan)形,狀(zhuang)如龜,故村民稱其為龜地(di),該遺址因此得名(ming)。
2002年2月,國(guo)務院批準,撤銷豐(feng)(feng)潤(run)縣(xian)和新區,合并建立唐(tang)山市(shi)豐(feng)(feng)潤(run)區,隸屬唐(tang)山市(shi)管轄(xia)。鑒(jian)于遺址地處偏僻,交通不(bu)便,才使(shi)得其保存(cun)較好。
2004年(nian)唐山市文物管理處為了配(pei)合電網(wang)工程,對遺(yi)址(zhi)進行了試掘,試掘面積(ji)75平(ping)方米。發現有(you)房址(zhi)、墓葬、灰坑、灶(zao)坑等遺(yi)跡(ji)。
2009年第(di)三次全國文(wen)物普(pu)查(cha)時(shi)唐山市文(wen)物普(pu)查(cha)隊對該遺址(zhi)(zhi)進行了復查(cha)。遺址(zhi)(zhi)早(zao)年因(yin)平整(zheng)土地和埋(mai)墳(fen)略有(you)破壞(huai)外,現一(yi)直保存(cun)較好。
龜(gui)地(di)遺址高出四周約6米(mi),南(nan)(nan)高北(bei)(bei)低、上為褐色沙質土(tu)壤,下部(bu)為基(ji)(ji)巖(yan),基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)為南(nan)(nan)北(bei)(bei)走向,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)基(ji)(ji)巖(yan)裸(luo)露,南(nan)(nan)部(bu)全部(bu)被(bei)土(tu)壤覆蓋。臺地(di)東、南(nan)(nan)、西三面分兩個階梯,下部(bu)用石塊壘砌。臺地(di)略呈(cheng)圓形,面積約3320平(ping)方米(mi),海(hai)拔高度69米(mi)。遺址文(wen)化層東、南(nan)(nan)部(bu)較(jiao)厚,北(bei)(bei)部(bu)較(jiao)薄,遺跡有墓葬、房址、灰坑(keng)、灶坑(keng)等,遺物非常豐富(fu)。
經(jing)過調查(cha)發現(xian),整個遺址處在一高臺地上(shang),基本沒有遭到大的破壞,遺址區(qu)內隨處可見(jian)大量的鬲(li)、顱(lu)、豆(dou)、盆、缽、罐等(deng)陶器(qi)殘片(pian)。堆積厚度在2.5米(mi)(mi)到4米(mi)(mi)之間。初(chu)步推(tui)斷(duan)該遺址為商周聚落(luo)遺址。
遺址(zhi)分(fen)布整個龜地(di)范圍內,文(wen)化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚2.5-4米,共分(fen)為(wei)(wei)六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其中二、三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)張(zhang)家園上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)類型(xing)、四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)夏家店(dian)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)燕南(nan)類型(xing),五、六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)屬(shu)圍坊二期文(wen)化(hua)類型(xing)。遺址(zhi)文(wen)化(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚2.5-4米,共分(fen)六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),其中二、三(san)(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)張(zhang)家園上(shang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)類型(xing)。四(si)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)夏家店(dian)下(xia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)文(wen)化(hua)燕南(nan)類型(xing)。遺跡有(you)(you)房址(zhi)、墓(mu)葬(zang)、灰坑(keng)、灶坑(keng)等。墓(mu)葬(zang)為(wei)(wei)土坑(keng)豎穴,隨(sui)葬(zang)有(you)(you)金(jin)耳環、松石(shi)、陶(tao)鬲(li)、缽、罐等。遺物有(you)(you)金(jin)、玉、骨、蚌(bang)、石(shi)、銅、鐵、陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)等。陶(tao)器(qi)(qi)主要(yao)器(qi)(qi)形有(you)(you)高、甌、鼎、尊、甕、豆、鉲(ka)、罐等。骨器(qi)(qi)中有(you)(you)卜骨。
2008年11月(yue)被河(he)(he)北省(sheng)政府(fu)公(gong)布為(wei)河(he)(he)北省(sheng)文物保護單位。
2013年(nian)5月,被國務院公布(bu)為第七批(pi)全國重點文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。
龜地(di)遺址器物特(te)征明顯,時(shi)代脈絡(luo)清晰,除了具有一(yi)些冀(ji)東、燕(yan)山(shan)南(nan)(nan)麓地(di)區(qu)典型遺物特(te)點外,同時(shi)還有著還鄉(xiang)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)城乃至(zhi)灤(luan)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域自己的較為獨特(te)的器物類型。因此(ci),該(gai)遺址是研究還鄉(xiang)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域乃至(zhi)灤(luan)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域同時(shi)期文化(hua)面貌的一(yi)處重要的聚(ju)落遺址,同時(shi)也對研究夏(xia)商文化(hua)、探(tan)索南(nan)(nan)燕(yan)文化(hua)的起(qi)源和發展具有重要的史料價值。
遺址具有多重結構文(wen)化(hua)類型,它的文(wen)化(hua)面貌(mao)地方特(te)點突(tu)出(chu),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)具有遼東半島、山東半島、海河北系區及張家口壺流(liu)河流(liu)域等(deng)諸多文(wen)化(hua)的共同(tong)點,它對研究(jiu)這些地域同(tong)時(shi)(shi)期文(wen)化(hua)的關(guan)系起到(dao)了重要的樞紐作用(yong)。